scholarly journals Etiological factors of cholestasis ininfancy andearly childhood in Children Welfare Teaching Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Mohammad Fadhil Ibraheem ◽  
Adnan Y. Mahmood ◽  
Jasim M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Children Welfare

A Background: Neonatal cholestasis is defined as prolonged elevation of the serum level of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. There are many causes of neonatal cholestasis which must be  identified because early intervention may result in a better outcome , such as surgical intervention in biliary atresia within two months from birth , or effective dietary management in metabolic disorders like  galactosemia. Objective:To determine the causes of early childhood cholestasis in children attending the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad and to study some of associated factors in infancy and early childhood  cholestasis. Patient and method: This is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted on 48 patients attending the  Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad for the period of 1Novembe r 2015 to 15 January 2016. These cases were evaluated by thorough history, examination and investigations. Results:O the 48 patients enrolled in this study, 30 (62.5%) lived in Baghdad, and the remaining 37.5% were referred from other governorates .  the mean age of the patients was 11.1 ± 12.4 months, with 20 females (41.7%) and 28 males (58.3%). The  Results revealed that 11(22.9%)were the result of congenital infections , 9 (18.8%) were idiopathic in origin, 8 (16.7%) were caused by biliary atresia, 8 (16.7%) of unknown origin, 5 (10.4%) were caused by sepsis (mainly staphylococcus, streptococcus species, E coli, staphylococcus aureus) , 2 (4.2%) were caused by progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and 1 (2.1%) case was caused by each of the following causes: Alagille  snyndrome, Choledochal cyst, Galactosemia, hypothyroidism and Tyrosinemia. Conclusion: Congenital infections were the most common cause in this study, of which the most common is cytomegalovirus ( CMV ). Clay color stool and high alkaline phosphatase levels were found mostly in biliary  atresia. No method by itself is sufficient to diagnose the cause of neonatal cholestasis. D iagnosis can only be established using all available methods.

scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates from Stethoscope, Thermometer, and Inanimate Surfaces of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Worku ◽  
Dejene Derseh ◽  
Abera Kumalo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
E Coli

Background. Nosocomial infections occur among patients during their stay in hospitals. The severity of infection depends on the characteristics of microorganisms with a high risk of being acquired when the environment is contaminated. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging rapidly around the globe creating a serious threat. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016–February 2017 at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected from the equipment and hospital surfaces. The isolated bacteria were checked for susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the standards of CLSI 2014. Health professionals and sanitary team members were included in the study which assessed the disinfection practice of objects from which samples were taken. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 201 swab samples were taken, and most bacteria were recovered from thermometer and floor consisting of 21.6% S. aureus, 19.3% CoNS, 15.9% E. coli, 14.8% Klebsiella species, 11.4% P. aeruginosa, 10.2% Proteus species, and 6.8% Serratia species. The most multidrug resistant organisms were S. aureus (79%), Klebsiella species (53.8%), CoNS (47%), and Proteus species (44.4%). Only 6.45% of health professionals disinfect their stethoscope consistently. Conclusion. S. aureus, CoNS, and E. coli were the predominant isolates. Most isolates showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and least to ampicillin and penicillin. There is no regular sanitation and disinfection of hospital equipment and surfaces.

scholarly journals Practices in performing lumbar puncture procedure in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital / Baghdad

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebal Wael Saadi ◽  
Dhulfiqar A. Mohammed ◽  
Yousif W. Kareem ◽  
Abdullah K. Jawad
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Needle Type ◽  
Oncology Ward ◽  
Patient’S Information ◽  
Children Welfare

Background: Lumbar puncture is a procedure that is frequently performed in the pediatric practice.Objective: To review some (patient, provider and technique- related) characteristics of lumbar puncture performed at the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Baghdad / Iraq.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from April to September, 2017. A self-prepared questionnaire was used to collect the data. It included 32 items, which were divided into three sections: Residents doctors' information (3 items), patient's information (2 items) and procedure’s information (27 items).Results: The total number of performed procedures was 103, of which 51 (49.5%) were performed in the oncology ward. About half (50, 48.6%) of the patients were preschool-aged. Lumbar puncture was indicated for diagnostic purposes in 52(50.5%) cases. Nearly two thirds (67, 65.9%) of the procedures was performed by senior residents (3rd/4th Board residents). A written consent was obtained in only one case, the couch sheet were not renewed in 92 (93.9%) cases, a drape were not used in 92 (93.9%) cases, sitting upright position was assumed in 90 (91.8%) cases, gloves were worn by the doctor in all cases, anesthesia was used in 47 (48%) cases, antiseptics were used in 97 (99%) cases ,one holder was noted in 93 (94.8%) cases ,SpinocanQuincke and 22 Gage needle type was used in 98 (100%) cases, one entry attempt per procedure was reported in 79 (80.6%) cases and no documentation in the patients’ notes was reported in any of the procedures.Conclusion: Lumbar puncture load was found in the oncology ward both for the patients and the residents. Safety was considered but was suboptimal in all wards.

Beliefs Perceptions and Knowledge among Alopecia Areata patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in the University of Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2399-2400
Author(s):  
Aisha Malik ◽  
Syed Atif Hasnain Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The University

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a wide spread and chronic skin condition of unknown origin. It affects the patient's quality of life. This study was designed to assess the perception of the disease in patients with AA. Aim: To determine the belief, perception and knowledge among alopecia areata patients visiting the university of Lahore teaching hospital. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Dermatology OPD, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore from September 2019 to February 2020. Methodology: This was a description cross-sectional study from September 2019 to February, 2020 and carried out in Out- Patient Department of Dermatology at University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. The study included all the patients in the age range of 20 to 42 years of age with patchy alopecia. The duration of the study was six months, total participants were 67. A questionnaire was designed for the collection of data in the data base, such as age and gender, the onset of the disease, level of education, and is based on the knowledge, beliefs and behaviors regarding alopecia areata. The data was analyzed by using the version SPSS 25. Results: Result shows that mean age of the participant’s was 29.5±4. About 77.6 participants were married and 23.4 were unmarried. The 85.6% participants of study give yes response that alopecia areata affected the people result showed 38% considered it a serious health issue. The 76.1% participants of study give yes response that alopecia areata participants have serious financial problem. About causative factors, almost half (28%) of the participants believed that germs and viruses causes Alopecia Areata. Keywords: Alopecia areata (AA), Knowledge, Perception, Belief.

scholarly journals Cholestatic Jaundice in Infants – An Experience in Tertiary Care Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
FR Chowdhury ◽  
K Chowdhury ◽  
ASMB Karim
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cholestatic Jaundice ◽  
Neonatal Hepatitis ◽  
Biliary Cirrhosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Neonatal cholestasis is defined as prolonged elevation of serum levels of conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life. Cholestasis in a newborn can be due to infectious, genetic, metabolic, or undefined abnormalities giving rise to mechanical obstruction of bile flow or to functional impairment of hepatic excretory function and bile secretion. Early detection and timely accurate diagnosis are important for successful treatment and a favorable prognosis. Objective: The present study has been designed to determine the etiology of cholestatic jaundice in infants along with their clinical profile. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2010 through January 2011 in the Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. For the study purpose 40 consecutive cases of cholestatic jaundice were included who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Result: Biliary atresia was the commonest (42.5%) cause of cholestatic jaundice followed by neonatal hepatitis/ idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. Other causes of cholestatic of the infants were term and of normal birth weight in cases of biliary atresia (BA) but in NH/INH group significant number of infants were preterm and of low birth weight. Mean age at onset of jaundice was 10.1 ± 4.18 days, and mean age at presentation was 113.7 ±15.38 days. In cases of BA Jaundice, intermittent / persistent pale stool, dark urine was found in all cases and hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were found in 88.2% and 64.8% of cases respectively. Ultrasonographically in most of the cases of BA gallbladder was found either small in size or absent or bile ducts were not visualized. In cases of NH/INH visualization of normal gallbladder while fasting and contraction was observed after meal. Histologically typical features BA were found in 12 out of 17 cases of BA and features of early biliary cirrhosis in 4 infants and 10 patients showed features of INH. Conclusion: Biliary atresia was found to be the commonest cause of neonatal cholestasis in the present study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v32i1.21029 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 9-15

scholarly journals Usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for differentiation of biliary atresia from idiopathic neonatal hepatitis: Experience in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Kaniz Sultana ◽  
Ariful Haque ◽  
Nadira Musabbir ◽  
Syeda Afria Anwar ◽  
Faika Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neonatal Hepatitis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis

Background: The two most common and important causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC) are biliary atresia (BA) and Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH). There is no single test that can definitely differentiate these two entities. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters for diagnosis of biliary atresia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from August 2013 through July 2015 among purposively sampled infants with neonatal cholestasis. Results: Total 86 neonatal cholestatic cases were studied. Term baby and good birth weight are significantly higher in BA cases. The presence of persistent pale colored stool is significantly more in patients with BA (p 0.000). GGT is the only liver enzyme that was found to be useful differentiating BA from INH at a cut-off value ≥ 524U/L or 9.5 times higher than upper limit normal with sensitivity and specificity of 81.6% and 72.9% respectively. In the present study the diagnostic accuracy of persistent pale colored stool found to be highest (79.1 %). Conclusion: The present study showed that Persistent pale colored stool and serum level of GGT with a cut-off value ≥524 U/L or 9.5 times higher than upper limit normal can be considered as predictive markers for differentiation of Biliary atresia from Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. CBMJ 2015 January: Vol. 04 No. 01 P: 30-36

scholarly journals Knowledge of Non-nutritive Digit Sucking Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Ilorin, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
SO Bello ◽  
RM Ibraheem ◽  
A Saka
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Nutritive Sucking ◽  
The University

Background: The sucking habits of infants can be nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Digit-sucking is normal in babies and young children, but sometimes it may persist into early childhood.   Objective: To determine the burden, knowledge and belief of mothers/caregivers concerning digit sucking among under-five children. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving children under the age of 5 years attending the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, was conducted. The mothers of selected children were surveyed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of non-nutritive digit sucking was 45.8%. While 68 (43.9%) of these children sucked their digits, 3 (1.9%) sucked pacifiers. The thumb and two digits were the preferred digits (52.9%). Sucking was done while awake in 36 (52.9%) children while 32 (47.1%) sucked whether awake or sleeping. Most (60.3%) mothers have the wrong perception of digit sucking and had attempted to discourage it. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-nutritive and digit sucking was high in the population studied. Sucking occurs while awake and asleep, both day and night. Most mothers have the wrong perception of digit sucking and had attempted its stoppage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Visual Examination of Stool as A Screening Test for Infant with Prolonged Neonatal Cholestasis Namely Biliary Atresia

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Mst Mukta Sarker ◽  
ASM Bazlul Karim ◽  
Soma Halder
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Neonatal Cholestasis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Dark Urine ◽  
Conjugated Bilirubin

Introduction: Neonatal cholestasis is a hepatobiliay disease characterized by biliary obstruction in the neonatal period. Biochemically it is evidenced by prolonged elevation of serum conjugated bilirubin beyond the first 14 days of life.1 Most common causes are biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis.3, 4 Objective: To evaluate stool color as a screening test by visual inspection in infants with prolonged neonatal cholestasis. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytic study, conducted in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Department,BSMMU, Dhaka, from 3 September 2012 to 3 February 2013 about 6 month duration. Statistically calculated 38 infants with prolonged neonatal direct hyperbilirubinaemia beyond their 14 days of age were included in this study. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 62.3 days with a standard deviation (SD) ±13.7 days. Male to female ratio was 1.2:1. All (100%) the subjects were icteric and hepatomegaly was found in 94.7% subjects. Dark urine (84.2%), pale stool (78.5%), bleeding manifestations (31.8%) and infection (29%) were also observed. Thirty (78.5%) subjects had pale colored stool. Mean (± SD) albumin and conjugated bilirubin levels were 3.68 (±1.88)gm/dl and 5.29 (±1.31)mg/dl respectively. ALT and GGT level of the study subjects were 346.19±124.28 u/dl and 315±198.91 u/l respectively. Common ultrasonographic findings of the patients were non visualization of gallbladder 60.5%, non-visualization of common bileduct 50%, hepatomegaly 92.1%, and triangular cord sign in portahepatis 7.9%. Scintigraphy revealed impaired excretion into intestine 88.9% in majority of the subjects. Liver biopsy revealed liver architecture was preseved 65.8% bile duct proliferation 52.6%, regenarating nodule was absent 65.8% gaint cell was present 52.6% portal tract inflammation was found in 47.4%. Sensitivity of stool color in the diagnosis of neonatal cholestasis was found 90.6%, specificity 83.3%, accuracy 89.5%, positive predictive value 96.7% and negative predictive value 62.5%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that stool color might be reliable indicator for screening of prolonged neonatal cholestasis namely biliary atresia. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2021; 39(1): 46-52

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document