scholarly journals Bacterial Profile and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates from Stethoscope, Thermometer, and Inanimate Surfaces of Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshale Worku ◽  
Dejene Derseh ◽  
Abera Kumalo
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
E Coli

Background. Nosocomial infections occur among patients during their stay in hospitals. The severity of infection depends on the characteristics of microorganisms with a high risk of being acquired when the environment is contaminated. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging rapidly around the globe creating a serious threat. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016–February 2017 at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Samples were collected from the equipment and hospital surfaces. The isolated bacteria were checked for susceptibility by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following the standards of CLSI 2014. Health professionals and sanitary team members were included in the study which assessed the disinfection practice of objects from which samples were taken. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results. A total of 201 swab samples were taken, and most bacteria were recovered from thermometer and floor consisting of 21.6% S. aureus, 19.3% CoNS, 15.9% E. coli, 14.8% Klebsiella species, 11.4% P. aeruginosa, 10.2% Proteus species, and 6.8% Serratia species. The most multidrug resistant organisms were S. aureus (79%), Klebsiella species (53.8%), CoNS (47%), and Proteus species (44.4%). Only 6.45% of health professionals disinfect their stethoscope consistently. Conclusion. S. aureus, CoNS, and E. coli were the predominant isolates. Most isolates showed highest susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and least to ampicillin and penicillin. There is no regular sanitation and disinfection of hospital equipment and surfaces.

scholarly journals The Profile of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Bacteria in the Rectum of Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Biopsy, Its Relation to Post-Biopsy Infection and Alternative Prophylactic Antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Tonny Loho ◽  
Agus Rizal A. H. Hamid ◽  
Rainy Umbas ◽  
Na'imatul Mahanani
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prostate Biopsy ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Background: Fluoroquinolone has been routinely given as a prophylactic antibiotic to patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. Currently, there is no data on the profile of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, its association with post-biopsy sepsis, and alternative prophylactic antibiotics.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients undergoing TRUS-guided prostate biopsy at Urology Clinic, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital between August and December 2015. Specimens were taken from rectal swabs prior to biopsy. Gramnegative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci were characterized on the Vitek®2 using GN and GP cards (BioMérieux, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Post-biopsy infection was monitored within one week after biopsy by telephone call and diagnosed by clinical examination.Results: A total of 52 patients aged 52-80 years were enrolled. Sixty-six isolates grew from 52 swabs; 14 swabs among them grew 2 isolates. The commonest pathogen was Escherichia coli (78.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.6%), Enterococcus faecium (3.0%), Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Morganella morganii subsp. morganii, and Enterococcus faecalis (1.5%), respectively. Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were found in 33 (50.0%) isolates which were predominated by E. coli. Meanwhile, 90.4% and 96.2% of isolates were sensitive to amoxicillinclavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam, respectively. Post-biopsy infection was established in 7 patients requiring no hospitalization.Conclusions: The proportion of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in the rectum among patients undergoing prostate biopsy was 50.0%. Escherichia coli is the commonest resistant pathogen to fluoroquinolone. The recommended alternatives for prophylactic antibiotics are amoxicillinclavulanate and ampicillin-sulbactam. Routine pre-biopsy rectal swab cultures should also be encouraged.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

scholarly journals Patients and Patients’ Relatives Perception of Cleanliness in Radiology Department of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abacha ◽  
Isah Mustapha Nma ◽  
Sadiq Abubakar Audu ◽  
Abubakar Umar ◽  
Mohammed Dahiru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Examination Room

Background: Cleanliness and dirt are a dichotomy to categorize a particular environment especially hospital settings in which cleanliness pave a great linkage to patient satisfaction on quality of care and reduction of infection. Dirt creates negative thought on the quality of services being rendered to patients in the hospital environment. Objectives: To assess the perception of patients and their relatives on the level of cleanliness in radiology department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto and to determine which amongst the diagnostic rooms is the cleanest (Computed Tomography (CT) room, Routine X-rays room or contrast exams room (fluoroscopy)). Materials and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents of which 66 in Routine xray room, 23 in CT suit and 11 in contrast examination room. Out of the 100 questionnaires nine were not returned and the remaining 91 were analysed. The questionnaire contains fifteen statements in total apart from the socio-demographic component. The count of responses was considered and for each type of response (SA, A, N, D, and SD) the percentage were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. Results: Sixty percent of the respondents were patients while 40% were relatives of patients that were critically ill. The modal age range of the respondents was 25-34years, 58% were married, while 48.4% were civil servants. The result of our study shows that the respondents have adequate knowledge on cleanliness with a mean score of 4.3, they perceived radiology department as a clean environment for diagnosis and visitation but need further improvement. According to the findings, CT room was the cleanest (87.0%) followed by contrast examination room 64.0% and routine X-rays room was the least 47.0%. It also revealed that lack of manpower is the cause of inadequate sanitation. Conclusion: Radiology Department in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital is clean and the CT suit is the cleanest.

scholarly journals Profil Évolutif Des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux Hémorragiques À Yaoundé (Hôpital Général& Centre Hospitalier Et Universitaire)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Patrice Emmanuel Awono Ateba ◽  
Justin Ndié ◽  
Julienne Louise Ngo Likeng ◽  
Benjamin Alexandre Nkoum
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
The University

Nowadays, strokes constitute a real public health problem in the world. In Cameroon, because of the people’s lifestyle potential risk factor, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes as well as its mortality is on the rise. This study was aimed at analyzing the evolutionary profile of hemorrhagic strokes at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. A retrospective cross-sectional study with a qualitative component was carried out at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé for 2 months. Were included, all patients with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic strokes confirmed by CT Scan. With the help of a scale, patient data over a 30 month’s period (2013-2015) were collected. Over 1037 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé, 122 cases of hemorrhagic strokes were diagnosed, that is a prevalence of 11.8%. The average age was 58±10.52 and the most vulnerable age range was between 50 and 70 years with 67.2%. Men were most affected (60.7%) with a sex ratio of 1.54(74 men/48 women). Among these cases of hemorrhagic strokes still hospitalized, 70 had died giving a lethality rate of 57.4%. Only the duration of hospitalization had an effect on the outcome of patients with hemorrhagic strokes. Actually the patients, victims of hemorrhagic strokes who had had less than 21 days of hospitalization, had 2.91 chances of dying as compared to those patients hospitalized for over 21 days (OR=2.91 IC 95% [5.1-65.7]; p=0.000). The late admission to reanimation, the difficulties encountered by victims of hemorrhagic strokes and their careers, to handle the enormous cost of their treatment and the insufficiencies of the technical platform, were factors also influencing the evolution of hemorrhagic strokes hospitalized in reanimation at the General Hospital and the University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Despite certain efforts aimed at reducing premature mortality, the prevalence of hemorrhagic strokes was increasing in reanimation at the General Hospital and University Teaching Hospital in Yaoundé. Only multisectorial actions of sensitization, the restructuring and amelioration of the care of this ailment will help reverse the evolutionary trend.

scholarly journals Assessment of rotahaler inhalation technique among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a teaching hospital of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diksha Sapkota ◽  
Yogesh Raj Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Dry Powder Inhaler ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background: Inhalation mode of drug delivery is the mainstay treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, however; incorrect technique prevents patients from receiving maximal therapeutic benefi ts.Objectives: To assess usage technique of rotahaler among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and identify factors affecting its performance.Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess rotahaler (single unit dose dry powder inhaler) inhalation technique among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital. The study population consisted of 100 respondents using rotahaler for at least one year. Data collection was done by standard checklist, semi structured questionnaire via observation and interview methods respectively.Results: Correct inhalation technique was found in 37% of total respondents. Nearly two out of three respondents (61%) failed to breathe out deeply before inhaling. Majority of the respondents (59%) failed to hold breath for at least 10 second and 25% were unable to breathe in deeply. Age, occupation, source of inhalation instruction and re-demonstration of the technique were found to be signifi cantly associated with the correct inhalation technique (p <0.05).Conclusion: More than half of the respondents had incorrect inhalation technique, so health education program targeting the common identifi ed errors should be carried out. Arrangements should be made for regular involvement of pharmacist in teaching and re-demonstration to ensure good inhaler technique. This would ultimately lead to a greater clinical response and improved patient compliance.Journal of Kathmandu Medical CollegeVol. 5, No. 1, Issue 15, Jan.-Mar., 2016, Page: 11-17

scholarly journals Awareness of disease and self care among hypertensive patients attending Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buna Bhandari ◽  
Mahesh Bhattarai ◽  
Manjul Bhandari ◽  
Nilambar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention Of Hypertension

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. The prevalence of hypertension has substantially increased during the past four decades. Information on prevalence as well as awareness regarding treatment and prevention of hypertension is scarce particularly in rural settings. The levels of awareness, treatment, and control of HTN vary between different countries and population groups. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the awareness of hypertensive patients about their own disease and self care. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 50 hypertensive patients who were admitted to Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) and attended to medical OPD. Data was collected by using interview schedule by face to face interview method. Results: Among 50 hypertensive patients, 56% were aware about meaning of hypertension, 68% symptoms, 34% cause, 62% prognosis, and 62% complication of HTN. Likewise regarding self care, 70% were doing regular follow up, 92% using regular medication, most of them (80%) were not smoker and 84% were non alcoholic, and 74% taking low fat and low salt diet. Conclusion: Study finding reflects many of them (56%) had more than 50% of knowledge about the hypertension and more than half (54%) were giving more than 50% emphasis about their own self care.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v1i2.7296 Journal of Nobel Medical College (2012), Vol.1 No.2 p.29-35

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant urinary tract isolates of escherichia coli: Frequency and patient demographics in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Muhmmad Wasif Baig ◽  
Shahid Rasool ◽  
Rizwan Rasool Khan ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major burden to the health care as it is estimated that around 150 million UTIs occur yearly worldwide. Enterobacteriaceae are the most common agent causing serious urinary tract infections; and MDR cases are increasing day by day. Objectives: To determine the frequency and patient demographics of multidrug resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia Coli in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional study. Setting: Medicine Department of Madinah Teaching Hospital / The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad. Period: From May 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: 187 patients of age 15 to 90 years with positive E. coli on urine culture and sensitivity were included in this Retrospective cross sectional study. All those patients with history of dysuria (pain during urination) or frequent urination (more than 7 times per day) were advised urine complete analysis and those with >5 WBCs or pus cells /HPF or having positive for leukocyte esterase and/or nitrite, were advised urine culture and sensitivity. Main outcome variable was the frequency of MDRE cases among the culture positive E. coli UTI patients. Results: Among all the cases of E. coli UTI, frequency of MDRE UTI was 66.8% (n=125) and rest 33.2% (n= 62) cases were not MDR UTI. 97.3% patients were resistant to lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to aminoglycosides.

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