scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SYSTEM ERRORS IN METEOROLOGICAL SUPPORT ON FLIGHTS SAFETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Dolzhenko Nadezhda Aleksandrovna ◽  
◽  
Maylyanova Ekaterina Nikolaevna, ◽  
Toluev Y., ◽  
Assilbekova I., ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Incorrect Decision ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
American Corporation ◽  
System Errors ◽  
Systemic Accumulation

There are many different systems of interaction in practical aviation activities. In particular, in a system consisting of an operator and a machine there are quite often failures due to errors of designers, operators, manufacturers, maintenance, etc. Errors are usually unintentional: a person performs erroneous actions, considering them as correct or most suitable due to insufficient information, neglect of rules and standards and even due to lack of such. The specialists of the American corporation Boeing calculated the share of aviation accidents related to incorrect decision-making. It turned out that of all aviation accidents, such incidents account for 75%. Back in 1990, Professor Reason developed a model describing the causation of an air accident. One of the main elements of this manufacturing system consists of decision-makers, another key element is decision-executors. For top-level decisions and line management actions to be implemented into effective and productive activities carried out directly by pilots and instructors, certain preconditions must be met. The Rison model explains how people contribute to the disruption of complex, interacting and well-protected systems (such as aviation), resulting in an aviation incident. This model reveals to us causal relationships that do not directly lead to an accident, but shows that, although there are lots of protection levels between risks and accidents, there are drawbacks in each layer of protection that, in the case of systemic “flaring-out”, can trigger an accident [3]. The drawbacks of one level of protection do not allow realizing the risk, since there are other protections to prevent a single point of failure, but with systemic accumulation of risks, catastrophic consequences are inevitable. This effect is sometimes called the "aggregate action effect." In our work, we tried to investigate the system of unprotected risks that led to disaster.

scholarly journals A Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS model to supplier performance evaluation

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (216) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Francisco Rodrigues Lima Junior ◽  
Michael Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Supplier Performance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Decision Making Problem

Supplier performance evaluation is a decision-making problem that involves quantitative and qualitative metrics. Although several models that allow the use of linguistic terms such as "low" and "high" to evaluate suppliers, none of them enables the application of linguistic expressions, which is especially useful when decision makers hesitates to express their evaluations. This study proposes a model based on the Hesitant Fuzzy TOPSIS method to support the supplier performance evaluation. A pilot application was carried out in an automotive company considering 8 suppliers and 10 criteria. When compared to previous similar approaches, the proposed model presented the following advantages: it enables the use of linguistic expressions to assess the supplier performance in each criterion; it groups suppliers with similar levels of performance to develop appropriate management actions; and does not limit the number of criteria and suppliers evaluated.

scholarly journals Building an Improved Drought Climatology Using Updated Drought Tools: A New Mexico Food-Energy-Water (FEW) Systems Focus

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Johnson ◽  
Hatim M. E. Geli ◽  
Michael J. Hayes ◽  
Kelly Helm Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Food Energy ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Drought is a familiar climatic phenomenon in the United States Southwest, with complex human-environment interactions that extend beyond just the physical drought events. Due to continued climate variability and change, droughts are expected to become more frequent and/or severe in the future. Decision-makers are charged with mitigating and adapting to these more extreme conditions and to do that they need to understand the specific impacts drought has on regional and local scales, and how these impacts compare to historical conditions. Tremendous progress in drought monitoring strategies has occurred over the past several decades, with more tools providing greater spatial and temporal resolutions for a variety of variables, including drought impacts. Many of these updated tools can be used to develop improved drought climatologies for decision-makers to use in their drought risk management actions. In support of a Food-Energy-Water (FEW) systems study for New Mexico, this article explores the use of updated drought monitoring tools to analyze data and develop a more holistic drought climatology applicable for New Mexico. Based upon the drought climatology, droughts appear to be occurring with greater frequency and magnitude over the last two decades. This improved drought climatology information, using New Mexico as the example, increases the understanding of the effects of drought on the FEW systems, allowing for better management of current and future drought events and associated impacts.

scholarly journals Incorporating Established Conservation Networks into Freshwater Conservation Planning Results in More Workable Prioritizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Sievert ◽  
Craig P. Paukert ◽  
Joanna B. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Systematic Conservation Planning ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Habitat Integrity ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Wadeable Streams ◽  
Conservation Networks ◽  
Blank Slate

Resources for addressing stream fish conservation issues are often limited and the stressors impacting fish continue to increase, so decision makers often rely on tools to prioritize locations for conservation actions. Because conservation networks already exist in many areas, incorporating these into the planning process can increase the ability of decision makers to carry out management actions. In this study we aim to identify priority areas within established networks to provide an approach which allows managers to focus efforts on the most valuable areas they control, while identifying areas outside of the network, which support species with minimal representation within the network, for acquisition or conservation partnerships. The goal of this approach is to prioritize sites to achieve high levels of species representation while also developing workable solutions. We applied a methodology incorporating established networks into a systematic conservation planning process for fish in temperate wadeable streams located in Missouri, USA. We compared how well species were represented in our approach with two commonly used alternatives: A blank slate approach which used the same systematic conservation planning technique but did not incorporate established networks, and a habitat integrity approach based solely on anthropogenic threat data. Relative to the blank slate approach, our approach required 210% more segments for representation of all species, and contained an average of 0.5 additional occurrences for the least well-represented species. Although the blank slate solution was more efficient in achieving species representation, 77% of segments in this solution were not already protected. This would likely pose a challenge for implementing conservation actions. Relative to habitat integrity-based priorities, our approach required only 38% of the number of stream segments to achieve representation of all species and contained an average of 5 additional occurrences of the least represented species, representing a substantial gain in representation. Incorporating established networks may allow managers to focus resources on areas with the greatest conservation value within established networks and to identify the most valuable areas complementary to the established networks, resulting in priorities which may be more actionable and effective than those developed by alternative approaches.

scholarly journals A Multi-Perspective Performance Approach for Complex Manufacturing Environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Almeida ◽  
Américo Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Performance Drivers ◽  
Manufacturing Environments ◽  
Transformation Systems

Complexity in manufacturing systems appears under a variety of aspects, namely product, processes and operations and systems. Considering that the manufacturing environment is rapidly and constantly changing, with higher levels of customization and complexity, there is higher demand for flexibility and adaptability from companies. In this context, it seems essential to explore new approaches that can support decision-makers to take better decisions concerning the action plans that they need to launch to achieve the expected strategic and operational performance and alignment goals. Companies should become able to analyse their performance drivers, understand their meaning and the feedback loops that affect them. Therefore, decision makers can look into the future, and act even before these causes affect the transformation systems efficiency and effectiveness. This paper presents an approach oriented to multi-performance measurement in complex manufacturing environments. With this approach it is expected to overcome the gap between the operational and strategic layers of a manufacturing system, in order to reduce time when measuring performance and reacting to unexpected behaviours, as well as reduce errors when taking decisions. Moreover, it is expected to decrease the time necessary to calculate an indicator or to introduce a new one into performance management process, reducing the operational costs.

scholarly journals Common deficiencies of actions for managing invasive alien species: a decision-support checklist

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías D. Dana ◽  
Juan García-de-Lomas ◽  
Filip Verloove ◽  
Montserrat Vilà
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Probability Of Success

Despite the increasing number of invasive species, protocols devoted to assess the feasibility (i.e., probability of success or failure) of management actions in the field are scarce, yet success depends on a broad scope of issues beyond the biology of species and the ecosystem to be managed. In this paper we make a retrospective analysis of 90 actions and management proposals developed in Andalusia (southern Spain) in 2004 to 2018. Actions included 59 terrestrial and aquatic taxa. We identified items that in case of deficiency were responsible for either the rejection of action proposals (n = 44) or failure of implemented actions for which the goal was not achieved (n = 22). The most frequent deficiencies included the absence of funding during the necessary time to achieve the goals, the risk of reinvasion and an insufficient removal rate to achieve the specific objective. Based on the deficiencies found, we built a comprehensive, broad-scope compliance checklist to assist decision-makers to identify deficiencies before action. In addition, implemented actions for which the goal was achieved (n = 24) were used for validating the checklist. The checklist contains 40 items related to IAS features, administrative features, methodology effectiveness, efficiency and impacts of the action, and invaded ecosystem features. The checklist is valid across all taxa and habitats. The use of this checklist will help reduce the degree of arbitrariness and subjectivity of actions aimed at managing IAS, and a more efficient use of resources.

Composability of Unit Manufacturing Process Models for Manufacturing Systems Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo M. Smullin ◽  
Ian C. Garretson ◽  
Karl R. Haapala
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Information Repository

Manufacturing accounts for 31% of all energy consumed in the United States. Of increasing concern to industry decision makers is how to make their manufacturing processes more sustainable. Current sustainable assessment methods do not consider the parameters of unit manufacturing processes (UMPs) and, thus, do not provide the granular level of modeling required for accurate sustainability performance assessment. Further, there is little research within the field of sustainable manufacturing into how to recompose UMPs to form a unified model of a manufacturing system. This research attempts to rectify this deficiency by investigating the feasibility of composing (linking) disparate processes by incorporating the workpiece as an information repository. This enables modeling the information flows between processes as a co-product of the transformations imparted to the workpiece by the selected manufacturing processes. The result is a method for assessing the sustainability performance of a manufacturing system. This method would provide value to decision makers through more capable tools to better understand the sustainability performance of their manufacturing system.

The influence of organizational culture and HRM on building innovative capability

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1393
Author(s):  
Carlos Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hr Practices ◽  
Structured Equation Modeling ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Hr Managers

PurposeThis paper aims to deepen the extant theoretical and empirical knowledge on the mechanisms by which organizational culture and HR practices interact to promote innovative capability in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe data for this study were collected from a sample of 75 companies in two phases. First, the HR managers of those companies responded to a survey that measures organizational culture, HR practices and innovative capability. Second, we obtained additional data from department managers of 36 of those 75 companies. The research model and hypotheses were tested using structured equation modeling (SEM).FindingsThe results indicate that cultural traits have direct and significant effects on promoting innovative capability and that they have also a strong effect on the effectiveness of implemented HR practices, the latter having a mediation role. The importance of considering both generic and specific (innovation focused) HR practices to obtain a synergistic effect in the promotion of innovation was also demonstrated.Research limitations/implicationsThe data were collected using a questionnaire at a single point in time, and thus, not allowing cause–effect inferences.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide evidence for HRM professionals interested in designing a system of HR practices that contributes to enhance organizational innovative capability.Originality/valueThis study advances our understanding of the mechanisms through which HR practices have an incremental effect over organizational culture on organizations' innovative capability, specifically offering a list of innovation-targeted practices. Moreover, it suggests that decision-makers will benefit from combining a range of generic and innovation-focused HR practices, which will display greater effect when embedded on highly effective culture contexts.

scholarly journals Viewing Product Development as a Decision Production System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Herrmann ◽  
Linda C. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Production System ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Product Development Process ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Development Organization ◽  
Different Types

Product development includes many different types of decision-making by engineers and managers. Design decisions determine the product form and specify the manufacturing processes to be used. Development decisions control the progress of product development projects by specifying which activities should happen, their sequence, and who should perform them. This paper introduces the concept of a decision production system to describe a product development organization as a system of decision-makers who use and create information to develop a product. This perspective does not advocate any particular type of product development process. Instead, it looks at the organization in which the product development process exists and considers the decision-makers as a manufacturing system that can be viewed separately from the organization structure.

Study of Imperfect Manufacturing System with Preservation Technology Investment Under Inflationary Environment for Quadratic Demand: A Reverse Logistic Approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita H. Shah ◽  
Mrudul Y. Jani ◽  
Urmila Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Technology Investment ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
Reverse Logistic ◽  
Graphical Result ◽  
Fixed Lifetime ◽  
Product Manufacturer

This paper focuses on imperfect manufacturing system with remanufacturing, manufacturing and product returned cycle for a single item which deteriorates with respect to time. The product has maximum fixed lifetime. To decrease deterioration of the product, manufacturer spends capitals on preservation technology to preserve the item. In this paper, the effect of inflation is also considered. Here, time-dependent quadratic demand is debated which is suitable for the products whose demand increases initially and afterward it starts to decrease. The objective is to minimize the total cost of manufacturer with respect to cycle time and investment for preservation technology. The model is supported with numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is done to derive insights for decision makers. Graphical result, in three dimensions, is exhibited with supervisory decision.

scholarly journals Atık Azaltma Metotlarının Akü Üretimine Entegre Edilmesi: Metot Geliştirme Ve Uygulama / Integration of Waste Reduction and Battery Production: Method Development and Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Sibel Uludağ Demirer ◽  
Sedef Elker ◽  
Suat Kasap
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Method Development ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Decision Makers

Bu çalışma çevre yönetimi ile entegre edilmiş üretim sistemlerinin önemli çevresel ve ekonomik faydalar getireceği düşüncesini baz alarak üretim sistemine yeni bir yaklaşım önermeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu yaklaşım için izlenmesi gereken yol genel olarak belirlenmiş ve çevreye dost ve az madde kullanarak çok üretme felsefesinin karar verme mekanizmalarına taşınması gerektiği vurgulanmıştır. Bu yaklaşım üretim sisteminde var olan uygulamaları fark eder ve alternatif atık yönetimi çözümlerini de araştırarak en çok faydayı sağlayan çözümü bulmaya çalışır. Hazırlanan metodolojide veri toplama ve üretim sisteminin analizi atıkların oluşumu ve azaltma alternatifleri göz önünde tutularak yapılır. Atıkların yönetimine ilişkin alternatifler araştırıldıktan sonra kazanımlar karar verme aşamasına iletilir. Önerilen metodolojinin akü üretimi yapan bir fabrikada uygulaması belli bir aşamaya kadar yapılmış ve fabrika yöneticilerine sonuçlar hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Integration of Waste Reduction and Battery Production: Method Development and Application This study presents an environmentally integrated manufacturing system analysis for companies looking for the benefits of environmental management in achieving high efficiency levels. The roadmap for such a management system is established and it is shown that the decision making should consider producing more using less and nonhazardous. This approach recognizes the already existing activities while investigating alternative waste management solutions. The methodology consists of data collection, operational analyses of the processes, identification of wastes and evaluation of waste reduction alternatives proposed both technically and economically. The proposed methodology is examined in a car battery manufacturing company and results are reported to the decision makers.

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