scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF FIRE RISKS AT SITES WITH APPLICATION OF TRANSLUCENT BUILDING STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (444) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
R. M. Djumagaliev ◽  
◽  
O. K. Kokushev ◽  
T. R. Djumagaliev ◽  
R. A. Beisengazinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Certification Tests ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Actual Limit

On the base of analyses on the development of the construction industry as well as fires occurring in Kazakhstan, the article justifies the areas of fire prevention related to technical regulation that is the certification of materials, construction structures and engineering systems. The translucent building structures have increasing application in modern construction techniques. For such structures, the most vulnerable indicator is the fire resistance limit. A technical solution is offered to increase this indicator by using water irrigation. On the base of existing international and national regulatory documents, a number of methods has been developed for experimental determination of the actual fire resistance limit by cooling of structures with water in case of fire. Large-scaled fire researches have been carried out to determine the actual limit of fire resistance of the translucent partition made of tempered glass "Float" with the thickness of 12 mm, M1 grade both in the presence of water irrigation and in the absence thereof. The tests were carried out under standard and actual fire conditions. Optimal parameters of water irrigation are determined. On the base of research results, it is proposed to improve the construction standards in this field as well as methodological documents in the field of certification tests.

The concept of calculating the actual limit of fire resistance of building structures

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Юрий Николаевич Шебеко ◽  
Алексей Юрьевич Шебеко
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Fire Temperature ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Actual Fire

Проведен краткий анализ понятий, связанных с расчетом пределов огнестойкости строительных конструкций. Дано определение термина «фактический предел огнестойкости», которое отсутствует в нормативных документах по пожарной безопасности. Отмечено, что это связано с использованием на практике значений пределов огнестойкости, определенных для стандартных температурных режимов пожара, в то время как на практике указанные температурные режимы, как правило, отличаются от стандартных. Предложена концепция определения фактического предела огнестойкости, основанная на моделировании воздействия на строительную конструкцию температурного режима реального пожара (например, с помощью программного комплекса FDS 6). The brief analysis of definitions connected with estimation of fire resistance limits of building structures is conducted. There is given the determination of term “actual fire resistance limit” that is absent in fire safety normative documents. It is caused by practical application of the fire resistance limits determined for standard temperature regimes of fires only, but at the same time the temperature regimes of real fires as a rule differ from the standard regimes. There is proposed the method for determination of the actual fire resistance limit based on the modeling of influence of the real fire temperature regime on buildings structures. This modeling can be made by an application of CFD methods (for example, with the help of FDS 6 software complex). The required reliability of the building structure is considered. The proposed method can solve the problem of practical applicability of certain structural unit during designing buildings and structures, for which the use of the resistance limits obtained for the standard fire temperature regimes can lead to unjustified economic expenditures without an appropriate elevation of fire safety level of the object.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF MASONRY WALLS AND PARTITIONS OF BUILDINQS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
N. A IL'IN ◽  
A. I BITYuTsKIY ◽  
A. P ShEPELEV ◽  
E. I FROLOVA ◽  
S. V ESMONT
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Actual Fire ◽  
Fire Resistance Rating ◽  
Reasonable Use ◽  
Resistance Rating

Developed a technical solution that relates to the fire safety of buildings and structures. Particularly it can be used for the classification of unreinforced masonry structures of buildings on indicators their resistance to fire. This gives the possibility of reasonable use of the existing masonry structures with the actual fire-resistance rating in buildings of various categories according to their fire hazard.

Properties of 3D Printing Mortar with the Development of a 3D Construction Printing (3DCP) Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kho P. Verian ◽  
Scott R. Kowaleski ◽  
Matthew D. Carli ◽  
Randall P. Bright ◽  
Eerik Maandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Fresh Properties ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Building Process

Over the last few years, 3D construction printing (3DCP), also known as additive manufacturing (AM) or rapid prototyping (RP), has increased in popularity in the construction industry. This method, which integrates automation in the building process, provides advantages over conventional construction techniques. These advantages include reduced cost, increased time efficiency, and safer construction process. This paper provides information regarding test methods and the properties of a prototype cementitious material designed for 3DCP. The tests include the determination of fresh properties (i.e., flow, unit weight, viscosity, and set times) and mechanical properties (i.e., compressive, tensile, and shear strengths). The potential of the material is demonstrated by 3D printing a structure 100 cm (40 in.) long and 30 cm (12 in.) high. The potential application of a “cured-on-demand” technique in 3DCP is also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Parameters for simulation of the thermal state and fire-resistant quality of hollow-core floors used in the mining industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrіі Kovalov ◽  
Volodymyr Konoval ◽  
Anastasiia Khmyrova ◽  
Kateryna Dudko
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Industrial Construction ◽  
Software Complex

The statistical data of the fire and technogenic safety in Ukrainian mines have been studied. A literary analysis has been made of advanced expertise in determining the fire resistance of building structures. It has been studied the thermal state and fire resistance of hollow-core floors using the fire tests and the calculated determination of the fire resistance degree of a structure based on a two-dimensional model of thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer implemented in the ANSYS R17.1 software complex. The fire test of hollow-core floor has been analysed and the use of a computational-experimental method is proposed to determine the parameters when simulating the thermal state and the fire resistance of both protected and unprotected hollow-core floors. A technique has been developed for simulating the thermal state and the fire resistance of hollow-core floors, which can be used in assessment of the fire resistance degree of reinforced concrete building structures both in industrial construction and in the mining industry.

Evaluation of fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings for steel structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Владимир Ильич Голованов ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Пехотиков ◽  
Владимир Валерьевич Павлов
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Passive Fire Protection ◽  
Actual Fire

Представлены результаты анализа экспериментальной и аналитической оценки огнезащитной эффективности покрытий для стальных конструкций. Обобщены данные многолетних исследований по определению зависимостей от температуры таких теплофизических характеристик, как теплопроводность и теплоемкость. Разработана структурно-методологическая схема выбора огнезащитных покрытий для стальных конструкций в целях обеспечения нормативных требований по огнестойкости. Проведены экспериментальные исследования по определению огнезащитной эффективности терморасширяющихся покрытий на эпоксидной основе при воздействии температурного режима горения углеводородов. Рассмотрен вопрос о гармонизации методики экспериментальной оценки огнезащитной эффективности средств огнезащиты для стальных конструкций с действующими европейскими нормами. Установлены критерии выбора пассивной огнезащиты, зависящие от области применения способов огнезащиты. Steel structures have high strength, relative lightness and durability, but when exposed to high temperatures in a fire, they deform, lose stability and load-bearing capacity. The collapse of load-bearing steel structures can occur in 10-15 minutes after the fire start. The actual fire resistance limit of structures can be increased by using the active and passive fire protection systems. The use of the active system for increasing the actual fire resistance limit is not provided in the regulatory documents. Passive fire protection is a complex of technical solutions including the use of non-flammable materials and bulging compounds. It is also an integral part of the building structure that ensures the required fire resistance limit. Assessment of fire resistance of building structures of residential, public, warehouse and industrial buildings is carried out taking into account the temperature regime (cellulose) of a standard fire. At oil and gas, petrochemical enterprises as well as at oil production platforms fires can occur at combustion of various hydrocarbon fuels which are characterized by a rapid temperature increase to 1100 °C. In this case, in accordance with GOST R EN 1363-2-2014, the temperature regime of hydrocarbon combustion is used to assess the fire resistance of building structures. The fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures is determined by the heating time of the standard I-shaped column without applying a static load on the sample to the average “critical” temperature of the steel of 500 °C. Materials used for fire protection of steel structures must have a good thermal insulation ability, which is estimated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity. When heated to high temperatures, the thermal conductivity coefficient of fire-resistant materials varies depending on their composition and temperature. Based on the analysis of research to determine the fire-retardant effectiveness of fire protection means for steel structures there was developed a structural and methodological scheme that allows to make a choice of fire protection. Currently, as a fire protection there are widely used intumescent paints and thermo-expandable coatings. Taking into account the lack of knowledge of the influence of long-term operation and a large number of other technological factors on the fire-retardant effectiveness of coatings of steel structures covered with intumescent paints, it would be right to limit the use of such type of fire protection for load-bearing structures contributing to the overall sustainability of buildings with a required fire resistance of R 30. For fire protection of steel structures of oil and gas facilities located in the open air, in severe climatic conditions and exposed to aggressive environments there is successfully used a thermo-expandable two-component epoxy-based coating. The analysis of experimental data showed that the use of epoxy-based coatings is suitable for metal structures in the open air. In closed rooms the epoxy intumescent coating should not be used because at high temperature in a fire it ignites with toxic combustion products release.

Method of a determination of required fire resistance limits for building structures of industrial objects

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
U.N. Shebeko ◽  
◽  
A. Yu. Shebeko ◽  
A.N. Giletich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Building Structures

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF EVALUATION OF METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRE RESISTANCE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
S Novak ◽  
M Novak ◽  
O Bedratiuk
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Methods Of Determination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Difference

The results of the study aimed at further improvement and development of procedures for evaluating methods of determining the fire resistance characteristics of building structures are presented. The features of estimation of methods of determination of characteristics of fire resistance of building structures are determined. It is established that for the validation of experimental-calculation methods intended to determine the thickness of fire protection of building structures, which ensures their fire resistance in a wide range of parameters of these structures, it is impossible to use samples of structures with certain properties due to their inability to create. A procedure for such validation using a computational experiment method is proposed. In this procedure, accurate (conditional) temperature data for steel column specimens are determined by solving a direct one-dimensional non-stationary thermal conductivity problem. The validity of the proposed validation procedure by its application for the experimental calculation method, designed to determine the thickness of fire protection materials for load-bearing steel structures (columns and beams), has been established. It is established that the overwhelming number of calculated values of the thickness of the fire protection materials, determined by this method, exceeds its true values, which indicates the acceptability of the obtained results in terms of providing fire resistance of load-bearing steel structures. It is established that the difference between the calculated and actual values of the thickness of the fire protection materials can reach a considerable value (twice or more).The direction of further researches which are focused on revealing of influence of thermophysical properties of fire protection materials and stress-deformed state of samples of steel structures during the test on the accuracy of the method. This will identify more appropriate procedures for evaluating the method and processing the experimental data with increased accuracy.

DETERMINATION OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF THE TRUCK KrAZ-6510TE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Olexandr Pavlenko ◽  
Serhii Dun ◽  
Maksym Skliar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Vehicles ◽  
Force Magnitude ◽  
Vehicle Mobility ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In any economy there is a need for the bulky goods transportation which cannot be divided into smaller parts. Such cargoes include building structures, elements of industrial equipment, tracked or wheeled construction and agricultural machinery, heavy armored military vehicles. In any case, tractor-semitrailer should provide fast delivery of goods with minimal fuel consumption. In order to guarantee the goods delivery, tractor-semitrailers must be able to overcome the existing roads broken grade and be capable to tow a semi-trailer in off-road conditions. These properties are especially important for military equipment transportation. The important factor that determines a tractor-semitrailer mobility is its gradeability. The purpose of this work is to improve a tractor-semitrailer mobility with tractor units manufactured at PJSC “AutoKrAZ” by increasing the tractor-semitrailer gradeability. The customer requirements for a new tractor are determined by the maximizing the grade to 18°. The analysis of the characteristics of modern tractor-semitrailers for heavy haulage has shown that the highest rate of this grade is 16.7°. The factors determining the limiting gradeability value were analyzed, based on the tractor-semitrailer with a KrAZ-6510TE tractor and a semi-trailer with a full weight of 80 t. It has been developed a mathematical model to investigate the tractor and semi-trailer axles vertical reactions distribution on the tractor-semitrailer friction performances. The mathematical model has allowed to calculate the gradeability value that the tractor-semitrailer can overcome in case of wheels and road surface friction value and the tractive force magnitude from the engine. The mathematical model adequacy was confirmed by comparing the calculations results with the data of factory tests. The analysis showed that on a dry road the KrAZ-6510TE tractor with a 80 t gross weight semitrailer is capable to climb a gradient of 14,35 ° with its coupling mass full use condition. The engine's maximum torque allows the tractor-semitrailer to overcome a gradient of 10.45° It has been determined the ways to improve the design of the KrAZ-6510TE tractor to increase its gradeability. Keywords: tractor, tractor-semitrailer vehicle mobility, tractor-semitrailer vehicle gradeability.

Experimental research control methods of the spatial position of building constructions

2017 ◽  
Vol 922 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Shekhovtsov ◽  
R.P. Shekhovtsova ◽  
D.P. Ivenin ◽  
O.V. Raskatkina
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Determination ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Error Theory ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Bridge Crane ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Engineering Geodesy

The article contains the method of discrete scanning points in the vertical plane of the columns and roof trusses for the simultaneous determination of vertical columns, the distance between them in flight at their tip and deflection farms with one point standing and only one performer. The technique is based on the use of reflectorless electronic tachymeter and its SDh key. Experimental research of methods on the elements of building structures NNGASU educational housing using electronic tachymeter SET530R. Results of the experiments were monitored by a coordinate and photographic methods, as well as with the developed at the chair of Engineering Geodesy laser-mirroring device designed to measure inaccessible or hard to reach distances. Analysis methods of error theory position and the results of its comparison with other methods have shown that it provides the required accuracy, easy to perform, does not require the output of the observer on the crane path or lift to the towers, free from the multiple engagement of the bridge crane and can be successfully applied on practice.

scholarly journals The Latest Scientific Problems Related to the Implementation and Diagnostics of Construction Objects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6184
Author(s):  
Bożena Hoła ◽  
Anna Hoła
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Large Variability

The construction industry is a sector of the economy that is characterized by a large variety of building structures, as well as a large variability in the conditions of their implementation [...]

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