scholarly journals STUDY OF POISONING AND REGENERATION OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS OF TOXIC COMPONENTS OF EXHAUST GASES FROM INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES AND VEHICLES

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (338) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
B.Kh. Khusain ◽  
A.R. Brodskiy ◽  
A.S. Sass ◽  
V.I. Yaskevich ◽  
K.S. Rahmetova
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Toxic Components

USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. DEVYANIN ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Toxic Components

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals Analysis of Selected Toxic Components in the Exhaust Gases of a CI Engine Supplied with Water-Fuel Emulsion

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kruczyński ◽  
Piotr Orliński ◽  
Wojciech Kamela ◽  
Marcin Ślęzak
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Toxic Components

scholarly journals Development of a Cost Effective Catalytic Converter for Diesel Automobiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2989-2994
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Developed Countries

The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to find and suggest a suitable solution to the exhaust pollution coming from the Diesel Automobiles particularly in the metro cities. Due to incomplete combustion of fuel oil pollutants like CO, HC, NOx are released into atmosphere causing negative impact on air quality, environment and human health. Researchers all over the world concentrated on how to reduce the pollutants. Euro norms specify the allowable percentages of CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gases. Euro norms being implemented in the developed countries have given stringent values which has led to the development of catalytic converter which is an added equipment in automobile. Hitherto in the catalytic converters supplied in modern cars, Platinum and Rhodium metals are used for coating monoliths. These metals are rare and hence expensive. In the research carried out by the authors, suitable monolith substrates are tested and used in the catalytic converters with coating materials like CeO2 , ZrO2 over clay marbles, Copper Monolith and SS Discs which help NOx¬ abatement and oxygen storage. These were designed, fabricated and tested on automobiles. The results are encouraging showing marked fall of pollutants in exhaust gases.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of platinum and oxide-based catalytic converters in terms of NOx reduction with ammonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Wojciech KAMELA ◽  
Stanisław KRUCZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Catalytic Converters ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents a comparison of the catalytic properties of two types of catalytic converters (containing platinum and oxide active coatings) in the aspect of a reduction of nitric oxides with ammonia. The tests were performed for three concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine. The work contains images of the topography of the active surface of the catalytic converters and the results of its physical and chemical analysis. The changes of the conversion rates of the nitric oxides have also been presented in the converter temperature range from 150 to 550 °C along with the results of calculations of the shares of NO2 in NOx for all analyzed concentrations of ammonia in the exhaust gases.

Methods of Assessing Properties and Behavioral Characteristics of Toxic Components of Exhaust Gases from Stationary and Mobile Sources of Air Pollution in Major Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (Spl Edition Nov. 14) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Igorevich Bespalov ◽  
Lubov Zakharovna Ganicheva ◽  
Natalia Vladimirovna Yudina ◽  
Oksana Nickolaevna Paramonova ◽  
Tatiana Leonidovna Pirozhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Mobile Sources ◽  
Toxic Components

scholarly journals Hydrodynamics of Absorption Bubbling Apparatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 210-219
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Hydrodynamic Mode ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
High Absorption

The article proposes an improved design of the energy-saving, compact absorption bubbling apparatus, which cleans the particles and gas mixtures in the exhaust gases of industrial enterprises, has a high absorption efficiency. As a result of theoretical research, an equation has been proposed that calculates the value of the height of the gas cushion “h”, which provides equal distribution of purified gas to the mixing sections of the apparatus and operation in a stable hydrodynamic mode. As a result, depending on this value, it is possible to calculate the gas velocities and the gas consumption supplied to the apparatus.

scholarly journals Creating mechanisms of toxic substances emission of combustion engines

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Jankowski ◽  
Mirosław Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Equivalence Factor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Toxic Components

Abstract The paper analyses the mechanisms of creation of toxic exhaust gases, which mainly derived from inexact fuel metering and improper air-fuel mixture preparation. The paper describes the process of creating toxic components in the exhaust gases of piston engines during engine operation, and impact on the emission of these components determining the composition of the fuel mixture determined equivalence factor Φ. The principal mechanisms of formation of toxic exhaust gases, in particular nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons, and also essential according to create each of toxic exhaust gases are the subject of the paper. Moreover, empirical relationships, by means of which it is possible to determine the time of creation of the individual components of toxic exhaust gases, are presented. For example, one of the mechanisms for prompt formation of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons graphic illustration of formation as a function of crank angle is described. At the conclusion, the summary and significance of information on creation mechanisms of toxic components in the exhaust gases of piston engines are presented.

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