scholarly journals Exploring Experience as a Myriad Richness: Micro-phenomenology as a Transformative Approach to Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Magali Ollagnier-Beldame

Over the last twenty years, researches within cognitive sciences has massively grown in the field of the ways of knowing. For instance, in recent years, the paradigm of 4-E cognition suggests that cognition involves the whole body, as well as the situation of the body in the environment. This article argues that a first-person approach enriches the understanding of the ways of knowing in their complexity - particularly by seeking to re-question classical dichotomies - through the re-integration of subjective experience. In the heart of first-person epistemology, the micro-phenomenological interview - based on the explicitation interview - consists in “guided retrospective introspections”, and allows to scientifically access subjective experience. This technique relies on the epoché – the suspension of judgement – a process at first investigated by philosophers that was made accessible to psychology to empirically investigate and study subjective experience. How does the epoché happen? What concrete acts make it up? More broadly, what is the relationship between the epoché and embodiment? This paper sheds lights on possible relations between researches describing concrete practices of the Husserlian epoché and Gendlin’s work concerning the process of Focusing, which aims at accessing the inner felt sense of experience. The process of Focusing, is a way of paying attention to one’s being-in-the-world, one’s interaction as it is experienced through the individual (but not separate) body. We will especially consider the process of “clearing a space” that Gendlin describes, as well as the rupture that occurs during the “bodily felt shift” which can be compared to the conversion happening within the process of epoché. Finally, we discuss how our proposition can allow the construction of new models of knowledge processes, the challenge of such a proposal being not only epistemological, but also ethical and societal. KEYWORDS Subjective experience, embodiment, micro-phenomenology, epoché, focusing.

Author(s):  
Ulf Landström ◽  
Ronnie Lundström

The experiments were conducted to evaluate the subjective experience associated with sinusoidal whole body vibration. Exposures were carried out in vertical (z) direction with the subject placed in upright sitting and standing positions. According to the present results, the vibration perception level is approximately the same for both postures, about 80–90 dB, (re 1 μm/s2 (r.m.s)) when comparing frequencies below 100 Hz. The threshold values were found to be influenced by the body weight, heavy people being more sensitive to whole body vibration in sitting posture, light people being more sensitive to vibrations in standing posture. Furthermore, the present study clearly shows the existence of temporary threshold shifts (TTS) in perception of whole body vibration after 5 minutes of vibration fatigue. If measured c. 30 seconds after the end of the exposure the temporary threshold shifts were in the magnitude of 10 dB.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Bernardo-Filho ◽  
Danúbia da Cunha de Sá-Caputo ◽  
Adérito Seixas ◽  
Redha Taiar

Bipedalism in humans is associated with an upright spine, however, this condition is not found in other animals with that skill. This may have favored the ability to harness the influence of the gravitational forces on the body. Furthermore, it is suggested that human feet have evolved to facilitate bipedal locomotion, losing an opposable digit that grasped branches in favor of a longitudinal arch that stiffens the foot and aids bipedal gait. Gait is a repetition of sequences of body segments to move the body forward while maintaining balance. The bipedal gait favors the contact of the feet of the individual with the floor. As a result, the mechanical vibration (MV) generated during walking, running or other activity with the feet are, normally, are added to the body. In these various situations, the forces would induce the production of MV with consequent transmission to the whole body of the individual and there is the generation of whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise naturally. However, when a person has a disability, this normal addition of the MV to body does not occur. This also happens with the sedentary or bedridden individual due to illness. In this case, there are the MV yielded in vibrating platforms. The exposure of the individual to the WBV leads to physiological responses at musculoskeletal, neurological, endocrinological, and vascular levels. Considering the state of the art of this theme and the previously cited scientific information, it is plausible to assume that WBV could be a useful tool to be used on the management of individuals with neurological conditions, such as in Parkinson’s disease, stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, spinocerebellar ataxia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and neuropathy (diabetes- and chemotherapy-related), among others. Indeed, improvements due to the WBV have been described regarding motor, and other impairments, in patients with neurological conditions, and these approaches will be presented in this chapter.


1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.J. Lipowski

After a period marked by one-sided emphasis on psycho-dynamics and social issues, or what could be called “brainless” psychiatry on account of its relative neglect of cerebral processes, we are witnessing an opposite trend towards extreme biologism or “mindless” psychiatry. The pendulum has swung periodically from one to the other of these reductionists positions throughout the history of psychiatry. The author argues that neither brainless nor mindless psychiatry can do justice to the complexity of mental illness and to the treatment of patients. Psychiatry's distinguishing feature as a clinical discipline is its equal concern with subjective experience, or the mind, and with the body, including brain function, which together constitute a person, a psychiatrist's proper focus of inquiry and intervention. Moreover, a person, viewed as a mindbody complex, is in constant interaction with the environment. It follows that both study of mental illness and clinical practice need to take into account the psychological, the biological and the social aspects. These three aspects are not mutually reducible and are indispensable for the understanding and treatment of the individual patient. Such a comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach provides an antithesis to the reductionistic viewpoints and, in the writer's opinion, is both practically and theoretically most satisfying.


1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bates ◽  
Harumi Tsuchiya ◽  
P. H. Evans

The purpose of the present study was first to assess the extent to which unlabelled ascorbate in the diet of guinea-pigs can exchange with labelled ascorbate within their organs when the dietary intake is varied over a wide range, and second to determine whether the retention of label might be used to assess either the amount of ascorbate intake or its biological availability where these are not known. The retention of [14C]ascorbate in the body and in various organs of guinea-pigs were, therefore, measured following a 13 d period of graded dietary intakes of ascorbate. It was found first, that the amount of label retained in each of the organs, 13 d after the initial dose of labelled ascorbate, was much more closely related to the amount of ascorbate intake after labelling than to the intake (and tissue ascorbate levels) before and at the time of labelling. Second, most of the individual internal organs exhibited a constant relationship between the specific activity at 13 d and the dietary intake, except for brain which was flushed to a smaller extent. Third, in agreement with several previous studies a high proportion of the radioactive label in the tissues was found to be still present in ascorbate. The specific activity of column-purified ascorbate was very similar to the estimated specific activity in the crude extract, which implies that it may be possible to estimate specific activities (or stable isotope enrichments) at certain sites without rigorous isolation procedures. Fourth, the amount of radioactivity appearing in the urine 2 d before killing the animals was correlated with the amount of ascorbate intake and with tissue specific activities, suggesting that intakes (or bioavailability) might be predicted from the patterns of label-appearance in the urine


Dimensions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
Marcus Weisen

Editorial Summary Entitled »Researching Non-Conscious Dimensions of Architectural Experience«, Marcus Weisen’s contribution explores the investigation of pre-reflexive ways of knowing, sensory thought, and the embodied mind. He introduces the micro-phenomenological interview as a successful methodology to exploit immanent, non-conscious aspects of architectural experience. He emphasizes the relevance of investigating the individual, subjective perspective in architectural research, proposing the first-person description of experience as a starting point from which to derive insights into overarching, essential principles of lived experiences of, and encounters with, architectural spaces. Tracing the elusive, embodied dimensions of architectural experience, he aims for an »embodied rationalism« in architectural research. [Uta Graff]


2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius J.J. Wessels ◽  
Johan H. Coetzee

The authors of the psalms implemented body rhetoric, especially the notion of the �whole body� as the ideal body, in the various genres of psalms, with specific purposes in mind. The whole body as ideal body served as a defining paradigm within the ancient Israelite culture. In this article, the relationship between the embodied God-concept, the ideal societal body and the individual body is investigated in order to determine the purpose of the implementation of this ideology of whole-bodiedness in selected psalm genres. In Psalm 2, the political body as cultural construct plays a prominent role in directing the individual to think of the body in a specific manner. In Psalm 6, the �broken body� drives the lamentation of the psalmist towards recovery. Psalm 29 reflects the poet�s ability to sketch, in hymnic-embodied language, God�s relationship with his creation and his people and the poet�s worship for God�s fullness of existence and activity. Psalm 32, as a psalm of thanksgiving, pictures God as the whole body in terms of the saviour, protector and healer of the broken (sinful) body.


2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Iannone

La Bioetica ci insegna quanto sia importante che la Medicina sia disposta a guardare e a trattare l’uomo che soffre nella sua interezza spirituale e corporea, opponendosi a quella cultura scientifica che ha perso il senso della unità dell’individuo, curando la patologia e non il malato. La prospettiva olistica è quella che meglio comprende il concetto di salute, in quanto definisce la salute come abilità di conseguire gli scopi vitali riferendosi all’uomo nella sua interezza. In questa modalità di affrontare l’uomo nella sua globalità, entra in gioco la corporeità, base necessaria per la relazione con i propri simili. La Medicina estetica si basa sull’intuizione che individua come il malessere del corpo possa andare ben oltre il corpo; ricorrervi deve significare rispettare l’umanità che è in ognuno di noi nella ricerca di un equilibrio psico-fisico che richiama ad una duplice moralità: quella del medico che deve prestare la sua opera senza tradire gli scopi dell’arte medica e quella dell’utente che deve rispettare la sacralità della sua persona. Affrontare una diagnosi di malattia è difficile; il malato vaga in una condizione di incredulità e sgomento che possono far dimenticare che c’è un viso che “chiede” e un corpo che “parla”; l’attenzione alla componente estetica della nostra persona nei percorsi di malattia può aiutare a riportare l’attenzione e assumere la corporeità al centro dell’interesse del paziente. Ciò non comporta alcun riduzionismo soggettivista, tutt’altro: permette di non mistificare l’esperienza soggettiva mettendo in luce il ruolo della dimensione della malattia nella definizione delle nostre più intime esperienze. In questa particolare situazione, in un contesto condiviso e supportato dall’intero staff sanitario, la Medicina estetica può portare un contributo per interagire con un corpo che può desiderare di essere riscoperto: il suo apporto, in un approccio integrato al paziente, tende a far sì che la cura del paziente possa operare su tutte le quattro dimensioni della salute, organica, psichica, socio-ambientale, etico-spirituale, ognuna delle quali investe tutta la sua persona: per far sì che, se esistono malattie inguaribili, non debbano mai esistere malattie incurabili. ---------- Bioethics teaches us the importance of Medicine being open to consider and treat suffering people in their spiritual and corporeal wholeness, thus opposing a scientific culture which has lost the sense of unity of the individual, as it deals with the treatment of organs or pathologies rather than of patients. The holistic perspective interprets the concept of health in the best way, in that it defines health as the ability of achieving vital goals, and refers to the human being as a whole. This way of dealing with the total human being implies a role for corporeity, intended as a necessary basis for inter-individual relationships. Aesthetic Medicine is based on the intuition according to which it is possible to identify how physical discomfort may extend well beyond the body itself; therefore, resort to it must mean respect for the human beings we all are, and continuous search for psychic and physical equilibrium, which implies two aspects of morality, i.e., ethical practice by physicians, who must dispense their services without failing in the aims of the art of medicine, and ethical behaviour by users, who must respect the holiness of their own persons. It is difficult to face a diagnosis of disease; sick persons fall a prey to feelings of disbelief and dismay such that they may be induced to neglect their own “asking” faces, and their own “talking” bodies. So, the attention to the aesthetic component of our persons during the course of the illness may help to focus again both the attention and the interest of patients on corporeity. This does not imply any sort of subjectivist reductionism, quite the contrary. Rather, it allows to not mystify the subjective experience, by emphasizing the role played by the importance of the disease within the definition of our most intimate experiences. Then, in the particular situation herein referred to, that is, within a context which is shared and supported by all the health staff, Aesthetic Medicine can make its contribution to interact with a body which it is really possible to rediscover. The contribution of Aesthetic Medicine – within a patient- focused approach – is intended to allow that patients’ care may act for all four aspects of health, i.e., organic, psychical, socio-environmental, and ethical-spiritual ones, each of which concerns their whole persons. And this, so that – even if non-healing diseases exist – “not curable” diseases shall never exist.


Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. COTTRALL ◽  
D. G. WELLS ◽  
N. G. TROTT ◽  
N. E. G. RICHARDSON

Abstract This paper reports the results of investigations designed to compare the whole-body retention, urinary excretion, and 8-hr plasma level of 58Co vitamin B12 in some 80 absorption tests on 50 subjects. Residual levels of radioactivity in the body were measured using a whole-body counter. A proportional relationship is demonstrated between the 9-day whole-body retention, the 8-hr plasma radioactivity and the 48-hr urinary excretion of vitamin B12. The constants of proportionality are determined, enabling the results of absorption tests carried out by different methods to be compared. The mean values and the range of the results obtained are tabulated for subjects in each of four clinical categories. It is shown that approximately one third of the activity absorbed from a 1-µg dose is excreted in the urine following a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg nonradioactive vitamin B12 at 3 hr. The administration of this flushing dose does not significantly alter the activity absorbed as represented by that retained together with that excreted in the urine. The plasma activity at 8 hr is increased by a factor of about 2 over that obtained without the flushing dose. Factors affecting the accuracy of the individual techniques have been studied and the poor reproducibility of successive tests is discussed.


1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (05) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Bekier

SummaryIn order to check a new rebreathing unit for ventilation investigations of the lungs with radioactive gases, a 133Xe lung ventilation study was performed in a 56-year old healthy volunteer. The contamination check on the following day triggered a radiation warning caused by the retained xenon activity in the body. The whole-body scan performed 18 h after the inhalation showed clearly a faint delineation of the xenon activity, corresponding to the subcutaneous fatty tissue of the individual studied.


1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.


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