scholarly journals Radioactive Vitamin B12 Absorption Studies: Comparison of the Whole-Body Retention, Urinary Excretion, and Eight-hour Plasma Levels of Radioactive Vitamin B12

Blood ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. COTTRALL ◽  
D. G. WELLS ◽  
N. G. TROTT ◽  
N. E. G. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Proportional Relationship ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This paper reports the results of investigations designed to compare the whole-body retention, urinary excretion, and 8-hr plasma level of 58Co vitamin B12 in some 80 absorption tests on 50 subjects. Residual levels of radioactivity in the body were measured using a whole-body counter. A proportional relationship is demonstrated between the 9-day whole-body retention, the 8-hr plasma radioactivity and the 48-hr urinary excretion of vitamin B12. The constants of proportionality are determined, enabling the results of absorption tests carried out by different methods to be compared. The mean values and the range of the results obtained are tabulated for subjects in each of four clinical categories. It is shown that approximately one third of the activity absorbed from a 1-µg dose is excreted in the urine following a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg nonradioactive vitamin B12 at 3 hr. The administration of this flushing dose does not significantly alter the activity absorbed as represented by that retained together with that excreted in the urine. The plasma activity at 8 hr is increased by a factor of about 2 over that obtained without the flushing dose. Factors affecting the accuracy of the individual techniques have been studied and the poor reproducibility of successive tests is discussed.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 5017
Author(s):  
Joanna M. Bukowska ◽  
Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Tadeusz Ambroży ◽  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

Extracellular and intracellular carbon dioxide concentration as a function of temperature in the toad Bufo marinus.

1994 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J N Stinner ◽  
D L Newlon ◽  
N Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Higher Temperature

Previous studies of reptiles and amphibians have shown that changing the body temperature consistently produces transient changes in the respiratory exchange ratio (RE) and, hence, changes in whole-body CO2 stores, and that the extracellular fluid compartment contributes to the temperature-related changes in CO2 stores. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the intracellular fluid compartment contributes to the changes in CO2 stores in undisturbed resting cane toads. Increasing body temperature from 10 to 30 degrees C temporarily elevated RE, and returning body temperature to 10 degrees C temporarily lowered RE. The estimated average change in whole-body CO2 stores associated with the transient changes in RE was 1.0 +/- 0.8 mmol kg-1 (+/- S.D., N = 6). Plasma [CO2] and, thus, extracellular fluid [CO2], were unaffected by the temperature change. Plasma calcium levels were also unaffected, so that bone CO2 stores did not contribute to changes in whole-body CO2 stores. Intracellular [CO2] was determined for the lung, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver, ventricle, red blood cells, skin and 14 skeletal muscles. [CO2] was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) at higher temperature in 10 of these, and seven others, although not statistically significant (P &gt; 0.05), had mean values at least 0.5 mmol kg-1 lower at the higher temperature. The average change in intracellular [CO2] for all tissues examined was -0.165 mmol kg-1 degrees C-1. We conclude that, in cane toads, the temperature-related transients in RE result from intracellular CO2 adjustments, that different tissues have unique intracellular CO2/temperature relationships, and that a combination of respiratory and ion-exchange mechanisms is used to adjust pH as temperature changes.

scholarly journals Measurement of Absorption of Vitamin B12 by Whole-Body Gamma Spectrometry

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. REIZENSTEIN ◽  
EUGENE P. CRONKITE ◽  
S. H. COHN
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Intrinsic Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Radiochemical Analysis ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Simple Measurement ◽  
Primary Advantage ◽  
Whole Body Counting ◽  
High Degree

Abstract A technic is described to measure directly the intestinal absorption of radiovitamin B12 by using a whole-body gamma spectrometer. A double tracer technic is used, and the amounts of free and intrinsic factor bound vitamin B12, respectively, retained in the body after final excretion of unabsorbed radioactivity, are measured. The results are in agreement with those previously obtained by other methods. The present method is simple and quantitative. The primary advantage of the whole-body counter for measuring absorption of Cobalt-labeled B12 is that it can measure less than 0.1 µc. with a high degree of accuracy. Whole-body counting substitutes a rapid and simple measurement for the difficult and tedious collection and radiochemical analysis of excreta.

scholarly journals Hydroxocobalamin. I. Blood Levels and Urinary Excretion of Vitamin B12 in Man After a Single Parenteral Dose of Aqueous Hydroxocobalamin, Aqueous Cyanocobalamin and Cyanocobalamin Zinc-Tannate Complex

Blood ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE B. JERZY GLASS ◽  
HELEN R. SKEGGS ◽  
DUK HO LEE ◽  
E. LINN JONES ◽  
WILLIAM W. HARDY
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Parenteral Dose ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection

Abstract A single intramuscular injection of 500 or 1000 µg. of hydroxocobalamin to 17 individuals resulted in a 1.8- to 4.1-times higher mean serum vitamin B12 blood level, respectively, 5 hours after injection; a 4.6- and 12.8-times higher level 24 hours after injection; a 2.4- and 5.2-times higher level 72 hours after injection, and a 1.6- and 2.4-times higher level by the 2nd through the 4th week after injection than identical doses of cyanocobalamin administered to 19 individuals. The vitamin B12 blood levels following i.m. administration of 500 or 1000 µg. of hydroxocobalamin were significantly higher during the first 24 and 48 hours, respectively, than they were after a cyanocobalamin zinc-tannate complex given to 17 individuals at identical doses. After a single i.m. injection of 500 or 1000 µg. of hydroxocobalamin, an average of only 16 per cent and 27 per cent, respectively, of the vitamin B12 was lost in the 72-hour urines, as compared to 60 per cent and 69 per cent, respectively, after identical doses of cyanocobalamin. These differences, again, were highly significant statistically. The results of these studies give evidence of a slower rate of urinary excretion of hydroxocobalamin as compared to that of cyanocobalamin, and of its ability to build up consistently higher and more prolonged vitamin B12 levels in the blood.

scholarly journals Factors affecting formiminoglutamic acid excretion in vitamin B12 deficiency

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedley R. Marston ◽  
Shirley H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Acid Status

1. Formiminoglutamic acid, a product of the catabolism of histidine, is excreted in abnormally large amounts in the urines of vitamin B12-deficient rats and of vitamin B12-deficient sheep; the excretion is reduced to negligible amounts after administration of vitamin B12. 2. After administration of certain methyl donors to vitamin B12-deficient rats or sheep urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid is temporarily decreased. 3. Irrespective of the pteroylglutamic acid status of the animals neither vitamin B12-deficient rats nor vitamin B12-deficient sheep have the ability to deal efficiently with histidine. 4. In sheep, urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid is increased after administration of aminopterin; treatment with pteroylglutamic acid restores the ability of the animal to deal with the catabolic products of histidine. 5. The possible functions of vitamin B12 and methionine in relieving a virtual deficiency of pteroylglutamic acid are discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic studies of [75Se]selenocystine and [75Se]selenomethionine in the rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine D. Thomson ◽  
Bridget A. Robinson ◽  
R. D. H. Stewart ◽  
Marion F. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Metabolic Pool

1. The long-term fate in rats of an oral dose of [75Se]selenocystine was compared with that of an oral dose of [75Se]selenomethionine.2. Urinary and faecal radioactivities were measured during the 1st week and whole-body radioactivity was determined for 10 weeks. Rats were killed at weekly intervals for 4 weeks and at weeks 6 and 10 for analysis of tissue distribution of 75Se.3. Intestinal absorption of [75Se]selenocystine was 81% of the administered dose; that of [75Se]selenomethionine was 86%. Urinary excretion of absorbed [75Se]selenocystine was 13.9% and that of [75Se]selenomethionine was 5.8%, in the 1st week.4. Whole-body retention of 75Se was greater for [75Se]selenomethionine than for [75Se]-selenocystine but after the 1st week it decreased at a similar rate in both groups. Tissue distribution of retained 75Se was also similar in both groups.5. The initial utilization of [75Se]selenocystine was different from that of [75Se]selenomethionine. However, after the 1st week 75Se from both sources appeared to be metabolized similarly, suggesting that dietary Se of both forms is ultimately incorporated into the same metabolic pool.6. When these findings were compared with those of earlier studies with [75Se]selenite and 75Se incorporated in vivo into rabbit kidney (RK-75Se) (Thomson, Stewart & Robinson, 1975) the metabolism of [75Se]selenocystine resembled that of [75Se]selenite and RK-75Se, rather than that of [75Se]selenomethionine.

scholarly journals Exploring Experience as a Myriad Richness: Micro-phenomenology as a Transformative Approach to Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Magali Ollagnier-Beldame
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
First Person ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Felt Sense ◽  
Transformative Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Suspension Of Judgement

Over the last twenty years, researches within cognitive sciences has massively grown in the field of the ways of knowing. For instance, in recent years, the paradigm of 4-E cognition suggests that cognition involves the whole body, as well as the situation of the body in the environment. This article argues that a first-person approach enriches the understanding of the ways of knowing in their complexity - particularly by seeking to re-question classical dichotomies - through the re-integration of subjective experience. In the heart of first-person epistemology, the micro-phenomenological interview - based on the explicitation interview - consists in “guided retrospective introspections”, and allows to scientifically access subjective experience. This technique relies on the epoché – the suspension of judgement – a process at first investigated by philosophers that was made accessible to psychology to empirically investigate and study subjective experience. How does the epoché happen? What concrete acts make it up? More broadly, what is the relationship between the epoché and embodiment? This paper sheds lights on possible relations between researches describing concrete practices of the Husserlian epoché and Gendlin’s work concerning the process of Focusing, which aims at accessing the inner felt sense of experience. The process of Focusing, is a way of paying attention to one’s being-in-the-world, one’s interaction as it is experienced through the individual (but not separate) body. We will especially consider the process of “clearing a space” that Gendlin describes, as well as the rupture that occurs during the “bodily felt shift” which can be compared to the conversion happening within the process of epoché. Finally, we discuss how our proposition can allow the construction of new models of knowledge processes, the challenge of such a proposal being not only epistemological, but also ethical and societal. KEYWORDS Subjective experience, embodiment, micro-phenomenology, epoché, focusing.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of individual parameters of the sum of the sizes intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in juvenile males and males of the first mature age in norm

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V.P. Danylevych ◽  
Yu.Y. Guminskyi ◽  
V.O. Tykholaz ◽  
Y.O. Bezsmertnyi ◽  
S.V. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Anterior Posterior

In nowadays, an important area in medicine is the early preclinical identification of the parameters deviations from the norm, where mathematical modeling can help, which should be used to calculate individual linear parameters of internal structures based on external parameters of the body. The aim of the study was to calculate the individual total linear measures of the lumbar intervertebral discs in juniors and men of the first adulthood (17-28 years) in norm. The total size of the each intervertebral discs were calculated a sum of the anterior-posterior diameter, frontal diameter and vertical sizes of each lumbar intervertebral discs, which were measured by MRI. The next step was to calculate the relative proportional nonlinear somato-disc rates (based on body weight and body length) for each individual examined. Mathematical processing of the measured parameters and the relative values of the somato-disc relationships was carried out by the statistical data processing program “STATISTICA 6.1” using parametric methods. The correct distribution of the variational series indicators, mean values and their standard errors were evaluated. Based on relative values the mathematical model was created to obtain individual values of the TS of the lumbar intervertebral discs. Subsequently, we compared the measured total discs sizes of the anterior-posterior, frontal diameters and vertical sizes of the lumbar intervertebral discs with a mathematically calculated value for each lumbar intervertebral discs. The significant difference between the mathematically calculated and measured values of the total intervertebral discs’ sizes of the didn’t exceed 10%. Determination of the standard linear dimensions of the intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine using CT and MRI and comparison with theoretically calculated indices will make it possible to diagnose early manifestations of the lumbar intervertebral discs pathology.

scholarly journals Facial and body sexual dimorphism are not interconnected in the Maasai

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina L. Butovskaya ◽  
Victoria V. Rostovtseva ◽  
Anna A. Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Face

Abstract Background In this paper, we investigate facial sexual dimorphism and its’ association with body dimorphism in Maasai, the traditional seminomadic population of Tanzania. We discuss findings on other human populations and possible factors affecting the developmental processes in Maasai. Methods Full-face anthropological photographs were obtained from 305 Maasai (185 men, 120 women) aged 17–90 years. Facial shape was assessed combining geometric morphometrics and classical facial indices. Body parameters were measured directly using precise anthropological instruments. Results Sexual dimorphism in Maasai faces was low, sex explained 1.8% of the total shape variance. However, male faces were relatively narrower and vertically prolonged, with slightly wider noses, narrower-set and lower eyebrows, wider mouths, and higher forehead hairline. The most sexually dimorphic regions of the face were the lower jaw and the nose. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), measured in six known variants, revealed no significant sexual dimorphism. The allometric effects on facial traits were mostly related to the face growth, rather than the growth of the whole body (body height). Significant body dimorphism was demonstrated, men being significantly higher, with larger wrist diameter and hand grip strength, and women having higher BMI, hips circumferences, upper arm circumferences, triceps skinfolds. Facial and body sexual dimorphisms were not associated. Conclusions Facial sex differences in Maasai are very low, while on the contrary, the body sexual dimorphism is high. There were practically no associations between facial and body measures. These findings are interpreted in the light of trade-offs between environmental, cultural, and sexual selection pressures.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Factors Influencing Body Weight Variation in Hanwoo Steers Using an Automated Weighing System

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Cho ◽  
Seoyoung Jeon ◽  
Mingyung Lee ◽  
Kyewon Kang ◽  
Hamin Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the body weight (BW) of Hanwoo steers by collecting a large number of BW measurements using an automated weighing system (AWS). The BW of 12 Hanwoo steers was measured automatically using an AWS for seven days each month over three months. On the fourth day of the BW measurement each month, an additional BW measurement was conducted manually. After removing the outliers of BW records, the deviations between the AWS records (a) and manual weighing records (b) were analyzed. BW measurement deviations (a − b) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by month, day and the time within a day as well as the individual animal factor; however, unexplained random variations had the greatest impact (70.4%). Excluding unexplained random variations, the difference between individual steers was the most influential (80.1%). During the day, the BW of Hanwoo steers increased before feed offerings and significantly decreased immediately after (p < 0.05), despite the constant availability of feeds in the feed bunk. These results suggest that there is a need to develop pattern recognition algorithms that consider variations in individual animals and their feeding patterns for the analysis of BW changes in animals.

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