Acute effects of plyometric warm-up with different box heights on sprint and agility performance in national-level field hockey athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Tugce Sener ◽  
Kerim Sozbir ◽  
Umid Karli
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Significant Trial ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

BACKGROUND: Postactivation potentiation (PAP) is an acute and temporary enhancement of muscular performance resulting from previous muscular contraction. Extensive research exists examining the PAP effect after a heavy resistance exercise but there is limited research examining the PAP effect after a plyometric stimulus to the pre-competition practices (e.g., warm-up) of well-trained athletes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of plyometric warm-up with different box heights on sprint and agility performance in national-level field hockey athletes at recovery time of immediately, 5 minutes and 10 minutes. METHODS: In a randomized crossover design, ten male national-level field hockey athletes performed 30-m sprint (with 10-m split) and agility test at baseline, immediately (∼ 15 sec), 5 minutes and 10 minutes after a high-intensity plyometric warm-up (HIPW), a low-intensity plyometric warm-up (LIPW) and a control trial (CT). RESULTS: Mean 10-m sprint times, 30-m sprint times and agility times were similar between trials at baseline (p> 0.05). Significant trial x time interactions (p⩽ 0.05) were observed for 10-m sprint time, 30-m sprint time and agility time. 10-m sprint times were significantly decreased after HIPW at all time-points and LIPW at immediately time-point, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW 10-m sprint times were faster at all time-points and LIPW sprint time was faster at 10 minutes when compared with CT (p⩽ 0.05). Thirty-meter sprint times were significantly decreased after HIPW and LIPW at all time-points, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW 30-m sprint times at all time-points and LIPW at both the 5 and 10 minute time-points were faster than CT (p⩽ 0.05). Agility times were significantly decreased after HIPW at all time-points and LIPW at both the immediately and 5 minutes time-points, relative to baseline (p⩽ 0.05). HIPW and LIPW agility times were faster than CT, at all time-points (p⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both HIPW and LIPW may be effective in enhancing the pre-training or pre-competition practices in off-season for national-level field hockey athletes. However, the individualization of HIPW is highly recommended in order to maintain PAP effects for 10-m sprint times, 30-m sprint times and agility times throughout the 10 minutes when compared to LIPW.

scholarly journals Mechanical Analysis of the Acute Effects of a Heavy Resistance Exercise Warm-Up on Agility Performance in Court-Sport Athletes

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Sole ◽  
Gavin L. Moir ◽  
Shala E. Davis ◽  
Chad A. Witmer
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of heavy resistance exercise on agility performance in court-sport athletes. Five men (age: 20.6 ± 1.9 years; body mass: 79.36 ± 11.74 kg; body height: 1.93 ± 0.09 m) and five women (age 21.2 ± 2.7 years; body mass: 65.8 ± 10.18 kg; body height 1.77 ± 0.08 m) volunteered to participate in the present study. All subjects were NCAA Division II athletes who currently participated in tennis or basketball and all had previous resistance training experience of at least one year. In a counterbalanced design, agility performance during a 10 m shuttle test was assessed following either a dynamic warm-up (DW) or heavy resistance warm-up (HRW) protocol. The HRW protocol consisted of three sets of squats at 50, 60, and 90% of 1-RM. Agility performance was captured using an eight camera motion analysis system and the mechanical variables of stride length, stride frequency, stance time, flight time, average ground reaction force, as well as agility time were recorded. No significant differences were reported for the HRW and DW protocols for any of the mechanical variables (p>0.05), although there was a trend towards the HRW protocol producing faster agility times compared to the control protocol (p = 0.074). Based on the trend towards a significant effect, as well as individual results it is possible that HRW protocols could be used as an acute method to improve agility performance in some court-sport athletes.

scholarly journals ACUTE EFFECTS OF ROPE JUMPING WARM-UP ON POWER AND JUMPING ABILITY IN TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETES

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Makaruk
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
National Level ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Vertical Jumping ◽  
Jump Distance

Abstract Introduction. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of traditional jumps and rope jumps during warm-up on power and jumping ability in trained men. Material and methods. A group of 12 national-level track and field athletes participated in the study. Peak power and jumping ability were assessed by having participants perform five alternate leg bounds, a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a drop jump (DJ). Three different warm-up protocols were used in random order, with 3-day intervals between them. The first involved traditional jumps, the second rope jumps and the control consisted of general warm-up only (jogging and stretching). Results. The rope-jump warm-up protocol significantly improved jumping distance (p<0.05) as compared to the traditional protocol. There were no significant differences in peak power or jump height among experimental groups in the CMJ and DJ. The study also revealed that traditional and ropejump protocols significantly (p<0.001) increased peak power and jump height for the CMJ and DJ, and jump distance for the five alternate leg bounds compared to the control condition. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that a warm-up including rope jumps may be more effective for horizontal jumping tasks than a protocol with traditional jumps, and that traditional and rope-jump warm-up protocols provide similar levels of enhancement for vertical jumping tasks.

The Acute Effects of Androstenedione Supplementation in Healthy Young Males

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Ballantyne ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
Jay R. Macdonald ◽  
Mark A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
J. Duncan Macdougall
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Key Words Testosterone ◽  
Heavy Resistance Exercise

We examined the effects of androstenedione supplementation on the hormonal profile of 10 males and its interaction with resistance exercise. Baseline testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and androstenedione concentrations were established by venous sampling at 3 hr intervals over 24 hr. Subjects ingested 200 mg of androstenedione daily for 2 days, with second and third day blood samples. Two weeks later, they ingested androstenedione or a placebo for 2 days, in a double-blind, cross-over design. On day 2, they performed heavy resistance exercise with blood sampled before, after, and 90 min post. The supplement elevated plasma androstenedione 2-3-fold and luteinizing hormone ∼70% but did not alter testosterone concentration. Exercise elevated testosterone, with no difference between conditions. Exercise in the supplemented condition significantly elevated plasma estradiol by ∼83% for 90 min. Androstenedione supplementation, thus, is unlikely to provide male athletes with any anabolic benefit and, with heavy resistance exercise, elevates estrogen. Key Words: testosterone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, fluid shifts, resistance exercise

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Different Postactivation Potentiation Protocols on Traditional Rowing Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Alfonso Penichet-Tomas ◽  
Jose M. Jimenez-Olmedo ◽  
Luis Serra Torregrosa ◽  
Basilio Pueo
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Postactivation Potentiation ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Load Intensity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Student’S T

Postactivation potentiation (PAP) describes an initial muscular activation with a submaximal or maximal load intensity that produces acute improvements in muscle power and performance in subsequent explosive activities. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of different PAP protocols in rowing performance. A crossover design involving seven rowers was used, in which two different PAP protocols were applied: PAP of maximal conditioning contractions (PAP MCC) on a rowing ergometer to provide greater transferability and, thus, enhance the magnitude of PAP stimuli on subsequent rowing performance; and PAP of maximal strength contractions (PAP MSC) in half squat and bench pull exercises, similar to the main exercises in rowing strength training, to perform a 20 s “all-out” test simulating a competition start. Student’s t-test was used to compare means of the variables (p < 0.05). Effect size statistics were calculated using Cohen’s d. The PAP MCC protocol resulted in significant differences, with an extremely large effect size in average power output (p = 0.034, d = 0.98) in the first 3 (p = 0.019, d = 1.15) and first 5 (p = 0.036, d = 0.91) strokes. This group also reached a greater number of strokes (p = 0.049, d = 2.29) and strokes per minute (p = 0.046, d = 1.15). PAP with maximal conditioning contractions in rowing warm-up enhanced subsequent rowing sprint and is an advisable strategy to potentiate performance at the start of rowing competitions and sprint regattas.

scholarly journals Prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in recreational field hockey: the systematic development of an intervention and its feasibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Gouttebarge ◽  
Victor Zuidema
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Extremity Injuries

ObjectiveThis article describes the systematic development of an intervention for the prevention of lower extremity injuries in field hockey and the assessment of its feasibility.MethodsThe intervention was developed according to the first four steps of the intervention mapping and knowledge transfer scheme processes, mostly based on focus group interviews with experts in field hockey and injury prevention (needs assessment; objective and target groups; content selection; development). Subsequently, a quasi-experimental research (one-group post-test design) was conducted among 35 young field hockey players and 7 coaches. Participants were asked to use the intervention for 3 weeks, and the degrees of relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and usability of the intervention were assessed by means of a questionnaire and a group interview.ResultsFirst, the needs assessment conducted among the main actors within recreational field hockey revealed that an injury prevention intervention was needed, ideally delivered through videos via an application for smartphone/tablet or website. Second, the objective and target groups of the intervention were defined, namely to prevent or reduce the occurrence of lower extremity injuries among both young and adult recreational field hockey players. Third, warming-up exercises were selected as preventive measures and strategies (eg, core stability, strength, coordination). Last, the ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ intervention was developed, consisting of a warm-up programme (delivered by coaches including more than 50 unique exercises). The relevancy, satisfaction and usability of ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ were positively evaluated, but two main alterations were made: the duration of the ‘Warming-up Hockey’ was reduced from 16 to 12  min and a match-specific warm-up was added.ConclusionThe feasibility of ‘Warming-Up Hockey’ was positively assessed by players and coaches. Prior to its nationwide implementation, the effectiveness of the intervention on injury reduction among field hockey players should be conducted.

Do different warm-up protocols affect isometric explosive muscular contraction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ayelet Dunsky ◽  
David Ben-Sira
Keyword(s):  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Warm Up

scholarly journals Effect of Changing Match Format from Halves to Quarters on the Performance Characteristics of Male University Field Hockey Players

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5490
Author(s):  
Elliot P. Lam ◽  
Caroline D. Sunderland ◽  
John G. Morris ◽  
Laura-Anne M. Furlong ◽  
Barry S. Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
National Level ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Field Hockey ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Uk

The study examined whether the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players differed when the match format was 2 × 35 min halves compared to 2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters. Thirty-five male university field hockey players (age 21.2 ± 3.0 years, height 1.81 ± 0.07 m, body mass 75.1 ± 8.9 kg), competing at national level in the UK, were monitored over 52 matches played across the 2018–2019 (2 × 35 min halves) and 2019–2020 (2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters) seasons using 15 Hz Global Positioning System units and heart rate monitors. Total distance, high-speed running distance (≥15.5 km·h−1), accelerations (≥2 m·s−1), decelerations (≤−2 m·s−1), average heart rate and percentage of time spent at >85% of maximum heart rate were recorded during both match formats. Two-level random intercept hierarchal models (Match—level 1, Player—level 2) suggested that the change in format from 2 × 35 min halves (2018–2019 season) to 2 × 2 × 17.5 min quarters (2019–2020 season) resulted in a reduction in total distance and high-speed running distance completed during a match (by 221 m and 120 m, respectively, both p < 0.001). As no significant cross-level interactions were observed (between season and half), the change from 35 min halves to 17.5 min quarters did not attenuate the reduced physical performance evident during the second half of matches (total distance: −235 m less in second half; high-speed running distance: −70 m less in second half; both p < 0.001). Overall, the findings suggest that the change in match format did alter the performance characteristics of male university field hockey players, but the quarter format actually reduced the total distance and high-speed running distance completed during matches, and did not attenuate the reduction in performance seen during the second half of matches.

scholarly journals Acute effects of the Prevent injury and Enhance Performance warm-up on potential reinjury risk factors associated with unanticipated jump landings: Study protocol for a crossover randomized controlled trial in individuals cleared for return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Y. K. Ashigbi ◽  
Florian Giesche ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
David A. Groneberg ◽  
Daniel Niederer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Return To Sports ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Abstract BackgroundIn team-sports such as football or basketball, athletes need to rapidly adapt their motor plans and actions to unanticipated changes in the environment. Unanticipated jump-landing tasks have been found to elevate the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to an anticipated condition. ACL-reconstructed individuals may have greater difficulties to maintain neuromuscular control under unanticipated conditions exposing them to a higher reinjury risk during the game. The planned trial aims to investigate the acute effects of a team-sport specific injury prevention programme on potential ACL reinjury risk factors under anticipated and unanticipated jump-landings.Methods and design:Single center randomized controlled crossover trial. Female and male ACL-reconstructed participants cleared for return to sports (≥ 6 months and ≤ 24 months post-reconstruction) will be included. In a randomized sequence and with a washout phase of one week in between, the participants will perform an injury preventive warm-up protocol (PEP; strengthening, flexibility, plyometry and agility) and a standard warm-up program (bicycle ergometer). Both interventions will last for 12 minutes and will be conducted at moderate intensity (BORG scale: 12 to 14). After each warm-up, participants will perform counter movement jumps with single-leg landings on a force plate. Prior to the jump, a left or right footprint (equally distributed) will be indicated on a screen. Under the anticipated condition, the participants will be informed before the jump that the displayed footprint will not change after take-off. Under the unanticipated condition, the participants will not know whether the target landing side will remain the same (consistent with pre-movement expectations) or change (inconsistent). Under both unanticipated conditions, this information will be displayed 0.1 second after take-off and thus approximately 0.3 seconds before landing.Parametric/non-parametric crossover-analyses (carryover-tests and crossover test) for between-conditions comparisons will be applied. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register, identification number DRKS00016942. Registered on May 24, 2019.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Bulent Turna ◽  
Asuman Sahan ◽  
Bahar Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Static Stretching ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Dynamic Stretching ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Tennis Serve ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
Homogeneous Data ◽  
Stretching Exercises

The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

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