scholarly journals Plasma Apolipoprotein E3 and Glucose Levels Are Associated in APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 Carriers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anna K. Edlund ◽  
Kewei Chen ◽  
Wendy Lee ◽  
Hillary Protas ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Plasma Apolipoprotein

Background: Altered cerebral glucose metabolism, especially prominent in APOE ɛ4 carriers, occurs years prior to symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We recently found an association between a higher ratio of plasma apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) over apoE3, and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in cognitively healthy APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. Plasma apoE does not cross the blood-brain barrier, hence we speculate that apoE is linked to peripheral glucose metabolism which is known to affect glucose metabolism in the brain. Objective: Explore potential associations between levels of plasma insulin and glucose with previously acquired plasma apoE, cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRgl), gray matter volume, and neuropsychological test scores. Methods: Plasma insulin and glucose levels were determined by ELISA and a glucose oxidase assay whereas apoE levels were earlier quantified by mass-spectrometry in 128 cognitively healthy APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. Twenty-five study subjects had previously undergone FDG-PET and structural MRI. Results: Lower plasma apoE3 associated with higher plasma glucose but not insulin in male subjects and subjects with a body mass index above 25. Negative correlations were found between plasma glucose and CMRgl in the left prefrontal and bilateral occipital regions. These associations may have functional implications since glucose levels in turn were negatively associated with neuropsychological test scores. Conclusion: Plasma apoE3 but not apoE4 may be involved in insulin-independent processes governing plasma glucose levels. Higher plasma glucose, which negatively affects brain glucose metabolism, was associated with lower plasma apoE levels in APOE ɛ3/ɛ4 subjects. High plasma glucose and low apoE levels may be a hazardous combination leading to an increased risk of AD.

Effects of deoxycorticosterone acetate on glucose metabolism in nondiabetic and streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soter Dai ◽  
Heather Fraser ◽  
John H. McNeill
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Deoxycorticosterone Acetate ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Glucose Challenge ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

A previous study in our laboratory showed that streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic, deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) induced hypertensive rats exhibited significantly lower levels of plasma glucose than did normotensive diabetic animals. The present experiments further investigate the effects of DOCA treatment on fasting levels of plasma glucose and insulin and on their changes after oral glucose challenge in nondiabetic and STZ-diabetic rats. It was found that, in nondiabetic rats, DOCA-induced hypertension was associated with normal glucose levels and glucose tolerance but with significantly lower levels of plasma insulin. DOCA-treated diabetic animals showed significantly lower levels of plasma glucose, but their plasma insulin concentrations were not significantly different from those of the DOCA vehicle treated diabetic rats. DOCA-treated diabetic rats also had significantly higher plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. It is suggested that DOCA may have a direct or indirect action on the assimilation, production, or utilization of glucose, perhaps leading to an improvement in insulin sensitivity and subsequently a decrease in insulin secretion.Key words: glucose metabolism, insulin, deoxycorticosterone acetate, streptozotocin.

scholarly journals Examination of Potential Mechanisms in the Enhancement of Cerebral Blood Flow by Hypoglycemia and Pharmacological Doses of Deoxyglucose

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoaki Horinaka ◽  
Nicole Artz ◽  
Jane Jehle ◽  
Shinichi Takahashi ◽  
Charles Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Insulin Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) rises when the glucose supply to the brain is limited by hypoglycemia or glucose metabolism is inhibited by pharmacological doses of 2-deoxyglucose (DG). The present studies in unanesthetized rats with insulin-induced hypoglycemia show that the increases in CBF, measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine method, are relatively small until arterial plasma glucose levels fall to 2.5 to 3.0 m M, at which point CBF rises sharply. A direct effect of insulin on CBF was excluded; insulin administered under euglycemic conditions maintained by glucose injections had no effects on CBF. Insulin administration raised plasma lactate levels and decreased plasma K+ and HCO3– concentrations and arterial pH. These could not, however, be related to the increased CBF because insulin under euglycemic conditions had similar effects without affecting CBF; furthermore, the inhibition of brain glucose metabolism with pharmacological doses (200 mg/kg intravenously) of DG increased CBF, just like insulin hypoglycemia, without altering plasma lactate and K+ levels and arterial blood gas tensions and pH. Nitric oxide also does not appear to mediate the increases in CBF. Chronic blockade of nitric oxide synthase activity by twice daily i.p. injections of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester for 4 days or acutely by a single i.v. injection raised arterial blood pressure and lowered CBF in normoglycemic, hypoglycemic, and DG-treated rats but did not significantly reduce the increases in CBF due to insulin-induced hypoglycemia (arterial plasma glucose levels, 2.5-3 m M) or pharmacological doses of deoxyglucose.

scholarly journals Central effects of thyronamines on glucose metabolism in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars P Klieverik ◽  
Ewout Foppen ◽  
Mariëtte T Ackermans ◽  
Mireille J Serlie ◽  
Hans P Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Glucoregulatory Hormones ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Thyronamines are naturally occurring, chemical relatives of thyroid hormone. Systemic administration of synthetic 3-iodothyronamine (T1AM) and – to a lesser extent – thyronamine (T0AM), leads to acute bradycardia, hypothermia, decreased metabolic rate, and hyperglycemia. This profile led us to hypothesize that the central nervous system is among the principal targets of thyronamines. We investigated whether a low dose i.c.v. infusion of synthetic thyronamines recapitulates the changes in glucose metabolism that occur following i.p. thyronamine administration. Plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones, and endogenous glucose production (EGP) using stable isotope dilution were monitored in rats before and 120 min after an i.p. (50 mg/kg) or i.c.v. (0.5 mg/kg) bolus infusion of T1AM, T0AM, or vehicle. To identify the peripheral effects of centrally administered thyronamines, drug-naive rats were also infused intravenously with low dose (0.5 mg/kg) thyronamines. Systemic T1AM rapidly increased EGP and plasma glucose, increased plasma glucagon, and corticosterone, but failed to change plasma insulin. Compared with i.p.-administered T1AM, a 100-fold lower dose administered centrally induced a more pronounced acute EGP increase and hyperglucagonemia while plasma insulin tended to decrease. Both systemic and central infusions of T0AM caused smaller increases in EGP, plasma glucose, and glucagon compared with T1AM. Neither T1AM nor T0AM influenced any of these parameters upon low dose i.v. administration. We conclude that central administration of low-dose thyronamines suffices to induce the acute alterations in glucoregulatory hormones and glucose metabolism following systemic thyronamine infusion. Our data indicate that thyronamines can act centrally to modulate glucose metabolism.

Plasma glucose and insulin responses in growing rats fed a total parenteral nutrition diet either intravenously or intragastrically

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman S. Track ◽  
Ernest Cutz ◽  
Barbara H. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Insulin Responses

The effect of administering either intravenously (group I) or intragastrically (group II) a glucose – amino acid total parenteral nutrition diet over a 12-day period upon plasma glucose and insulin responses was examined in adolescent rats. Infusion of the 25% glucose – 12.2% amino acid diet at a rate of 300 kCal∙kg body weight−1∙24 h−1 supported normal weight gain over the 12-day study period in both intravenously (group I) and intragastrically (group II) alimented rats. Mean plasma glucose levels rose dramatically in both groups by the end of day 1; group I had significantly higher mean plasma insulin levels. By day 3, the group I mean plasma glucose value decreased significantly while the group II mean glucose value remained virtually unchanged. Mean plasma insulin values more than doubled in both groups with the group I level still remaining significantly above the group II level. At days 6 and 12, group I mean plasma glucose levels were significantly below group II while both groups had similar plasma insulin levels. Data from this 12-day intravenous–intragastric alimentation study reveals quite different metabolic responses compared with acute (120–180 min) studies of the enteroinsular axis.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein AIV Gene Variant S347 Is Associated With Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Lower Plasma Apolipoprotein AIV Levels

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 969-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-man R. Wong ◽  
Emma Hawe ◽  
Lai K. Li ◽  
George J. Miller ◽  
Viviane Nicaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Gene Variant ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Plasma Apolipoprotein

scholarly journals Glucose metabolism and incretins level in morbidly obese patients and in patients after biliopancreatic diversion performed for morbid obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
I I Dedov ◽  
G A Melnichenko ◽  
E A Troshina ◽  
N V Mazurina ◽  
N A Ogneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Biliopancreatic Diversion ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

We’ve studied a carbohydrate metabolism in morbidly obese (MO) patients and the patients after bariatric surgery. The patients of the 1st group had BMI40 (n=22) and no history of diabetes mellitus. Patients after biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) performed for MO were included in the 2nd group (n=23). The 3rd group was a control group of normal weight healthy subjects (n=22). Blood glucose levels, insulin, GLP-1, GIP and glucagon during the OGTT (with 75 g of glucose) at 0, 30, 60 and 120 minutes were measured in all patients. In MO group fasting glucose levels were the highest. Impaired glucose metabolism was revealed in 68.2% of patients (n=10). Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was diagnosed in 4 cases (18.2%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in 11 patients (50%). In the BPD postprandial blood glucose levels (120 min) were lower if compared to the other groups. In 4 individuals (17.4%) we found postprandial hypoglycemia (2.8 mmol/l). Patients of the MO group had the highest fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR (p0.001). The maximum of insulin concentration was seen on minute 30 of the OGTT in the 2nd and 3rd groups, and it was significantly higher in the post-bariatric patients (p=0.026). In MO group the maximum of the plasma insulin levels were on the 60th minute and were still elevated after 120 minutes. Fasting and stimulated (on the 30th minute) levels of GLP-1 were significantly higher after BPD (р=0.037 and p=0.022 at 0 and 30 min, respectively). Morbidly obese patients had higher fasting and stimulated GIP. Fasting glucagon concentrations were similar in the surgical and control groups, while the people with MO had higher initial levels of glucagon (p=0.013) and it was not suppressed during the OGTT (p=0.076). Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance incidence was higher in MO patients. Hyperglucagonemia, increased GIP and decreased GLP-1 levels are observed in MO patients. Stimulated plasma insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased in patients who underwent BPD, and may cause postprandial hypoglycemia.

scholarly journals Plasma glucose levels in the association between serum trans-β-carotene and obesity among children and adolescents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaodong zang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Junqiang Zheng ◽  
Ming Fan ◽  
Xian Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lower Plasma Glucose ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract Background Results on the association between trans-β-carotene and obesity are less clear and little is known about how their relationship may be affected by plasma glucose levels.The present study aimed to evaluate the relationships between trans-β-carotene and obesity and to investigate whether plasma glucose levels had a modifying effect on these relationships. Methods Children aged 6-18 years were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) (2001–2006) (n =8030). The serum trans-β-carotene levels were divided into tertiles, and their associations with obesity were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. The interaction effects between trans-β-carotene levels and plasma glucose levels on obesity were further evaluated. Results In the fully adjusted model, using serum trans-β-carotene as natural log-transformed continuous variable, the negative association between trans-β-carotene level and obesity were confirmed. In addition, plasma glucose levels significantly modified the inverse association between trans-β-carotene and obesity (p value for interaction: 0.09). A stronger association of trans-β-carotene levels with obesity was found in higher plasma glucose levels (more than100 mg/dl) than in lower plasma glucose levels. Further, a non-linear relationship was detected between trans-β-carotene and obesity in participants with higher plasma glucose levels, with an inflection point of 2.7 (trans-β-carotene =14.88 ug/dl). The effect sizes and confidence intervals for the left and right sides of the inflection point were 0.10 (0.00 to 0.2) and 6.7 (0.1 to 348.2), respectively. Conclusion Our findings indicate that the association between trans-β-carotene concentration and obesity is stronger in individuals with higher plasma glucose population than in those with lower plasma glucose levels.

scholarly journals The Impact of Re-Mating Interval and Genotype on Physiological Response of Rabbits after First Kindling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shereen S. Ghoneim ◽  
Sawsan A. Nasr ◽  
I. El-Wardany ◽  
A. Farid ◽  
A. H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Impact

This is an experiment aimed to study the effect of re-mating interval on rabbit does after first kindling on hormonal (insulin, leptin, and T3) and metabolites (triglycerides, urea, and glucose) levels. DNA damage in ovary cells of rabbit does during the 2nd parity was also studied. Two varieties were used: APRI (synthetic line) and Baladi Black (BB, Egyptian breed). A total number of 120 mature rabbit does (60 does for each breed) were 6 months of age and were used at the beginning of the breeding season. Does of each breed were divided into three equal groups according to reproductive rhythm. The 1st group was postpartum (PP). The 2nd group was 11 days after parturition (P11). The 3rd group was post-weaning (PW). There were significant (P≥0.05) differences in plasma leptin concentration during 1st parity. The highest value of plasma leptin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. Also, there were significant differences in plasma insulin and T3 hormones concentrations of doe rabbits. The highest value of plasma insulin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating in 1st parity and the highest value of plasma T3 hormone concentration was recorded for the PS group at mating. While there were insignificant differences during 2nd parity in T3 hormone concentration in rabbits, the differences of plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity were significant. However, the highest significant value of plasma glucose concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. On the other hand, there were insignificant differences in plasma urea concentration of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity. Finally, no significant effects were observed on comet length, head diameter, tail length, or DNA % tail.

Proinsulin mRNA levels in fasting and fed ADX rats: evidence for an indirect effect of glucocorticoids

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (2) ◽  
pp. E303-E308
Author(s):  
F. T. Fiedorek ◽  
M. A. Permutt
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mrna Concentration ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

To determine whether glucocorticoids are required to maintain pancreatic proinsulin mRNA levels during dietary manipulation, rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham operated (SO) and subsequently fasted or pair fed for 2 days. Proinsulin mRNA concentrations were 54 +/- 8% lower (P less than 0.05) in fed ADX rats and 47 +/- 10% lower (P less than 0.01) in fasted ADX rats relative to values in fed and fasted SO rats, respectively. When ADX rats were fasted for 24 h and either refed 20% sucrose for 30 h or injected with dexamethasone (DEX) 0.125 mg/kg ip every 12 h for three doses, circulating plasma glucose levels were restored and pancreatic proinsulin mRNA concentrations rose 3.3 and 2.7-fold, respectively (each P less than 0.05). Plasma glucose and proinsulin mRNA levels (n = 40) were correlated (r = 0.58, P less than 0.0001). We conclude that the regulation of proinsulin mRNA concentration does not absolutely require endogenous glucocorticoids, since either adequate sucrose intake in ADX rats or physiological glucocorticoid responses in fasted rats suffice to restore pancreatic mRNA concentrations. It appears that glucocorticoid stimulation of pancreatic proinsulin mRNA levels is mediated indirectly through its regulation of glucose metabolism.

Glucose intolerance following chronic metabolic acidosis in man.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. E328 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A DeFronzo ◽  
A D Beckles
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Chronic Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

The effect of chronic metabolic acidosis (0.1 g/(kg . day) X 3 days) on carbohydrate metabolism was examined with the glucose-clamp technique in 16 healthy volunteers. Hyperglycemic clamp. Plasma glucose concentration is acutely raised and maintained 125 mg/dl above the basal level. Because the glucose concentration is held constant, the glucose infusion rate is an index of glucose metabolism (M). Following NH4Cl, M decreased from 8.95 +/- 1.12 to 7.35 +/- 0.76 (P less than 0.05) despite an increased plasma insulin concentration (I) 23 +/- 9%, P less than 0.05). Consequently the M/I ratio, an index of tissue sensitivity to insulin, decreased by 32 +/- 5% (P less than 0.005). Euglycemic clamp. Plasma insulin concentration is acutely raised and maintained 101 +/- 3 microU/ml above basal and plasma glucose is held constant at the fasting level by a variable glucose infusion (M). Following NH4Cl both M and M/I decreased by 15 +/- 4% (P = 0.005) and 15 +/- 5% (P = 0.01), respectively. Metabolic acidosis had no effect on basal [3-3H]glucose production or the percent of decline (91 +/- 4%) following hyperinsulinemia. Both hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies indicate that impaired glucose metabolism following metabolic acidosis results from impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document