scholarly journals The Impact of Re-Mating Interval and Genotype on Physiological Response of Rabbits after First Kindling

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Shereen S. Ghoneim ◽  
Sawsan A. Nasr ◽  
I. El-Wardany ◽  
A. Farid ◽  
A. H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Impact

This is an experiment aimed to study the effect of re-mating interval on rabbit does after first kindling on hormonal (insulin, leptin, and T3) and metabolites (triglycerides, urea, and glucose) levels. DNA damage in ovary cells of rabbit does during the 2nd parity was also studied. Two varieties were used: APRI (synthetic line) and Baladi Black (BB, Egyptian breed). A total number of 120 mature rabbit does (60 does for each breed) were 6 months of age and were used at the beginning of the breeding season. Does of each breed were divided into three equal groups according to reproductive rhythm. The 1st group was postpartum (PP). The 2nd group was 11 days after parturition (P11). The 3rd group was post-weaning (PW). There were significant (P≥0.05) differences in plasma leptin concentration during 1st parity. The highest value of plasma leptin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. Also, there were significant differences in plasma insulin and T3 hormones concentrations of doe rabbits. The highest value of plasma insulin concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating in 1st parity and the highest value of plasma T3 hormone concentration was recorded for the PS group at mating. While there were insignificant differences during 2nd parity in T3 hormone concentration in rabbits, the differences of plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity were significant. However, the highest significant value of plasma glucose concentration was recorded by the PW group at mating. On the other hand, there were insignificant differences in plasma urea concentration of doe rabbits during 1st parity and 2nd parity. Finally, no significant effects were observed on comet length, head diameter, tail length, or DNA % tail.

scholarly journals Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure    

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lep Gene ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Saudi Patients

Abstract The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status of cockerels selected for high or low residual food consumption

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gabarrou ◽  
Pierre Andre Geraert ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Laurent Ruffier ◽  
Nicole Rideau
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

The plasma glucose–insulin relationships and thyroid status were investigated in two lines of adult cockerels divergently selected for high (R+) or low (R-) residual food consumption (RFC). For a given body weight, R+ birds had a 74 % higher food intake than R- birds. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the R+ line compared with the R- when fasted, whereas R+ birds exhibited a significantly lower plasma insulin concentration than R- birds either in fed or fasted state. After an overnight fast, R+ birds also exhibited a higher sensitivity to exogenous insulin in view of its more pronounced hypoglycaemic effect. After an oral glucose load, the glucose disposal of R+ cockerels was faster despite lower glucose-induced plasma insulin concentration. Whilst plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were lower in the R+ line when fed, plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were higher in fasted R+ than R- cockerels (684v.522 μmol/l). Higher plasma triiodothyronine concentrations were observed in fed R+ compared with R- birds (3·0v.2·1 nmol/l respectively). The higher plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine associated with lower concentrations of insulin could account for the leanness and the elevated diet-induced thermogenesis previously observed in the R+ line.

Plasma glucose and insulin responses in growing rats fed a total parenteral nutrition diet either intravenously or intragastrically

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman S. Track ◽  
Ernest Cutz ◽  
Barbara H. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Total Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Insulin Responses

The effect of administering either intravenously (group I) or intragastrically (group II) a glucose – amino acid total parenteral nutrition diet over a 12-day period upon plasma glucose and insulin responses was examined in adolescent rats. Infusion of the 25% glucose – 12.2% amino acid diet at a rate of 300 kCal∙kg body weight−1∙24 h−1 supported normal weight gain over the 12-day study period in both intravenously (group I) and intragastrically (group II) alimented rats. Mean plasma glucose levels rose dramatically in both groups by the end of day 1; group I had significantly higher mean plasma insulin levels. By day 3, the group I mean plasma glucose value decreased significantly while the group II mean glucose value remained virtually unchanged. Mean plasma insulin values more than doubled in both groups with the group I level still remaining significantly above the group II level. At days 6 and 12, group I mean plasma glucose levels were significantly below group II while both groups had similar plasma insulin levels. Data from this 12-day intravenous–intragastric alimentation study reveals quite different metabolic responses compared with acute (120–180 min) studies of the enteroinsular axis.

scholarly journals Leptin and Its Relation to Obesity and Insulin in the SHR/N-corpulent Rat, A Model of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel T. Velasquez ◽  
Sam J. Bhathena ◽  
Carl T. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Plasma Leptin

The spontaneously hypertensive/NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) rat is a genetic animal model that exhibits obesity, metabolic features of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, which are characteristic of type II diabetes and mild hypertension. To determine the role of leptin, the protein product of theobgene, in the development of obesity and diabetes in this model, we measured steady-state circulating levels of leptin in obese and lean SHR/N-cp rats and examined the relation between plasma leptin levels and metabolic variables at the stage of established obesity in these animals. Mean fasting plasma leptin concentration was 8-fold higher in obese than in lean rats (p<0.01). This was associated with a 6-fold elevation in plasma insulin in the obese group. Fasting levels of plasma glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride were all significantly higher in obese rats than in lean controls. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between plasma leptin concentration and body weight among the animals (r=0.73, p<0.01). Similarly, plasma insulin concentration was significantly correlated with BW in all animals (r=0.54, p<0.05). There was also a significant positive.correlation between plasma leptin and plasma insulin in the entire group (r=0.70, p<0.01). However, this relationship was significant only for lean rats but not for obese rats (r=0.59, p<0.05 for lean rats, and r=0.23, p=NS, for obese rats). Plasma leptin also correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose (r=0.75, p<0.05), total cholesterol (r=0.63, p<0.05), and triglyceride (r=0.67, p <0.05). The marked elevation of plasma leptin in obese SHR/N-cp rats suggests that obesity in this animal model is related to up-regulation of the ob gene. Circulating leptin appears to be one of the best biological markers of obesity and that hyperleptinemia is closely associated with several metabolic risk factors related to insulin resistance in the diabesity syndrome.

Effects of hyperprolactinaemia on glucose tolerance and insulin release in male and female rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Reis ◽  
A M Reis ◽  
C C Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Abstract It has been shown that prolactin (PRL) induces glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in several animal species, including rats. However, the sex differences regarding glucose homeostasis and insulin release in hyperprolactinaemic subjects have not been assessed to date. In the present study, hyperprolactinaemic (pituitary-grafted) or control (sham-operated) male and female rats were submitted to an i.v. glucose tolerance test (30 mg/100 g body weight, 30% glucose). Grafted female rats had fasting plasma glucose concentrations 26% above control (P<0·01). After the glucose load there was a rapid and pronounced increase in plasma glucose levels in all animal groups, followed by a return to basal values within 30 min. However, the glucose concentrations in hyperprolactinaemic rats were significantly greater than those in controls at 5 min (males, P<0·05) and 30 min (females, P<0·05). The glucose disappearance rate was significantly increased in the grafted females compared with control (P<0·01) and slightly increased in the grafted males. Plasma insulin concentration increased just after glucose load and returned to basal values within 5 min in all groups except for the grafted females, which had recovered their basal insulin levels at 15 min. The grafted male rats had insulin concentrations higher than those of sham-operated controls at 2 min (28·9 ± 3·6 vs 17·3 ± 2·1 μU/ml, P<0·01), whereas females had plasma insulin concentrations greater than those in sham-operated controls 10 min after the glucose load (15·9 ± 1·9 vs 10·1 ± 1·4 μU/ml, P<0·05). The areas under the plasma insulin concentration–time curves were also significantly increased in the hyperprolactinaemic rats and were positively correlated with plasma PRL concentrations (r=0·613, P<0·01). These results demonstrate that moderate chronic hyperprolactinaemia is associated with increased glucose-induced insulin release, which was altered at different times after the glucose load in grafted male and female rats, whereas fasting hyperglycaemia was observed only in grafted females, indicating a sexual dimorphism in the diabetogenic effects of PRL in rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 153, 423–428

scholarly journals Body mass, plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide in offspring of diabetic and non-diabetic mothers

2001 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kostalova ◽  
L Leskova ◽  
A Kapellerova ◽  
V Strbak
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), plasma leptin, glucose, insulin and C-peptide levels in the offspring of diabetic mothers (DM) and non-diabetic healthy mothers (HM). DESIGN: Seventy-two offspring (37 girls and 35 boys, age 4-20 years) of DM were investigated in a prospective study. Those 14-16 years old (Tanner stage II-IV) were compared with age-matched offspring of HM (33 girls and 33 boys). RESULTS: BMI strongly correlated with plasma leptin concentration in the offspring of both DM and HM children. There were higher BMI and plasma leptin and glucose levels in DM than in HM children. There was no difference in plasma insulin or C-peptide levels between HM and age-matched DM children. There was a highly significant positive correlation between plasma leptin and C-peptide in boys of DM. CONCLUSIONS: The higher plasma leptin found in the offspring of DM reflects their higher BMI. A moderately high but still normal glycemia might be a preclinical sign of insulin resistance or other disturbance of glucoregulation.

Sensitivity of insulin secretion to feedback inhibition by hyperinsulinaemia

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph A. DeFronzo ◽  
Christian Binder ◽  
John Wahren ◽  
Philip Felig ◽  
Eleuterio Ferrannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Abstract. The ability of insulin to inhibit its own secretion was examined in 15 normal subjects given an intravenous infusion of insulin in a dose of 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 mU/kg/min for two hours. Arterial plasma insulin concentration achieved during the infusion segregated into three levels of hyperinsulinaemia: 35 ± 1 (mean ± sem), 87 ± 15 and 828 ± 210 μU/ml. Plasma glucose concentration was kept constant at the basal level by a variable glucose infusion. Fasting C-peptide (0.29 ± 0.02 pmol/ml) fell significantly in all subjects during hyperinsulinaemia and reached a concentration of 0.19 ± 0.03 pmol/ml at 60 min and 0.14 ± 0.03 at 120 min after the start of the insulin infusion. The C-peptide response was not related to the infusion dose nor to the steady state plasma insulin concentration. It is concluded that (a) basal insulin secretion as evaluated from C-peptide measurements is inhibited by small (24 ± 3 μU/ml) physiological elevations in plasma insulin concentration independent of changes in plasma glucose, and (b) supraphysiological or even pharmacological elevations in plasma insulin do not result in a further decrease in endogenous insulin secretion above that achieved with mild hyperinsulinaemia.

THE EFFECT OF A HIGH-FAT DIET ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND PLASMA INSULIN IN RATS

1968 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BLÁZQUEZ ◽  
C. LOPEZ QUIJADA
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY The influence of the diet on the levels of insulin was studied in rats on a high-fat diet. Plasma and glucose insulin concentrations of a control group and of rats on a high-fat diet were compared, and so was the insulin concentration in the pancreas of the two groups. The mean plasma insulin concentration in the control group was 40 μ-u./ml. and that of insulin extracted from the pancreas was 2·5 μg./100 mg. tissue; plasma glucose was 156 mg./100 ml. The animals fed on a high-fat diet showed diabetic features. The mean plasma insulin level was 9 μ-u./ml., and plasma glucose increased to 210 mg./100 ml. The insulin concentration in the pancreas was not significantly different from that in the controls. In vitro the epididymal fat and the diaphragm of the high-fat-diet group were less sensitive to insulin than the same tissues in the control group.

scholarly journals Leptin G-2548A Gene Polymorphism is Positively Associated with Increased Plasma Leptin and Glucose Levels in Obese Saudi Patients Irrespective Status of Blood Pressure    

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi S. Bin Dahman ◽  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Lep Gene ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Saudi Patients

Abstract The association between LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism with increased plasma leptin and glucose levels and blood pressure in a sample of obese Saudi patients has been evaluated. This is a cross-sectional study involved 206 Saudi adult subjects (94 males and 112 females), randomly selected from the primary health care centers, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study sample was categorized into three groups: 50 normotensive ND controls (age: 47.9±5.4 yr.; BMI 22.9±2.1 Kg/m2), 80 obese normotensive ND (age: 47.7±6.0 yr.; BMI 34.1±4.2 Kg/m2) and 76 obese hypertensive with T2D patients (age: 49.4±5.9 yr.; BMI: 35.1±4.7 Kg/m2). Analyses of LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 2U of HhaI restriction enzyme. Plasma leptin and insulin levels were measured using the Luminex instrument. Fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured using a chemical autoanalyzer Konelab machine. Also, blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured. The association analysis with metabolic parameters showed that homozygous AA of the LEP gene had significantly higher plasma glucose levels and HOMA-IR compared with homozygous GG (6.8±0.55 vs. 5.8±0.30; p< 0.04; 4.1±0.84 vs. 2.6±0.67; p=0.03) respectively. Besides, heterozygous GA had significantly higher plasma leptin levels compared with homozygous GG (40.0±2.6 vs. 29.6±2.6; P= 0.04). GA, AA, GA+AA genotypes of the LEP G-2548A gene polymorphism are more prevalent among individuals with hyperglycemia (OR= 3.7, 95% CI= 1.6 to 8.4, P= 0.001; OR= 3.2, 95% CI= 1.2 to 8.6, P= 0.03; OR= 3.5, 95%CI= 1.6 to 7.7, P= 0.001) respectively. A allele of the LEP gene is more prevalent among subjects with hyperglycemia (OR= 1.9, 95%CI= 1.2 to 3.0, P=0.006). G-2548A variant of the LEP gene may not be considered as a genetic risk factor for hypertension in Saudi obese patients. However, the genotypes (GA and AA) and -2548AA allele of this gene may represent important risk factors predisposing healthy subjects to develop T2DM irrespective of the status of blood pressure.

scholarly journals Feeding sows during the transition period—is a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet the best choice?1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Trine Friis Pedersen ◽  
Sophie van Vliet ◽  
Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽  
Peter Kappel Theil
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Mobilization ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Three experiments were carried out to study whether a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet is the best choice in late gestation and when sows preferably should be transferred to a high crude protein (CP) lactation diet. In experiment 1, 35 sows were fed either a gestation diet (12.1% CP), a lactation diet (15.9% CP), or a 50/50 mix (simple transition diet; 14.0% CP) from 6 d before parturition until parturition, to study the impact on farrowing and colostrum performance. In experiment 2, 90 sows were studied from 6 d before parturition until weaning at day 24 and they were fed one of five strategies: a gestation diet until day 3 or day 10 of lactation (strategy 1 and 2) and then lactation diet; a simple transition diet until day 3 or day 10 (strategy 3 and 4) and then lactation diet; or a lactation diet throughout the study (strategy 5). In experiment 3, 124 sows were fed strategy 1 or 5. Sows were weighed and back fat (BF) scanned when entering the farrowing unit and at day 2, 10, 17, and 24. Piglets were weighed at birth and after 24 h, and colostrum production was studied (experiment 1). Litter weight at day 2, 10, 17, and 24 was recorded, milk and blood samples were collected weekly and sow fat and protein mobilization, and balances of energy, N, and Lys were calculated from day 3 to 10 of lactation (experiment 2). Total- and live born piglets, and frequencies of stillbirth and piglet diarrhea were recorded (experiment 3). Feeding sows a gestation diet, a simple transition diet, or a lactation diet showed no evidence of effects on colostrum production or farrowing process (experiments 1 and 3) or lactation performance (experiments 2 and 3). Compared to previous studies, sows had a poor milk yield. Plasma urea was elevated (P &lt; 0.001) indicating CP oversupply prior to parturition in sows fed the lactation diet as compared with the two other diets. According to calculated balances, all dietary strategies supplied insufficient amounts of N and Lys from day 3 to 10, indicating that the best choice is to feed sows with a high CP lactation diet from parturition and onwards. Primiparous sows had a higher plasma insulin concentration (P &lt; 0.01), lower colostrum yield (P &lt; 0.01), and higher frequency of piglet diarrhea (P &lt; 0.001) than multiparous sows. In conclusion, in our conditions (high CP in gestation diet; poor milk yield; restricted feeding in early lactation), sow performance was not compromised by the dietary strategies, but results indicate that primiparous and multiparous sows should be fed differently.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document