scholarly journals The Building Blocks of Information Are Selections – Let’s Define Them Globally!

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Orthuber
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Number Sequence ◽  
Definition Of

Digital information consists of sequences of numbers that are selections. So far, these are defined by context. We can globalize this by using an efficient global pointer (UL) as “context”. The article explains new globally identified and defined “Domain Vectors” (DVs) for transporting digital information. They have the structure “UL plus sequence of numbers”, where UL is an efficient identifier and global pointer (link) to the unified online definition of the sequence of numbers. Thus, the format of the number sequence and its meaning is defined online. This opens up far-reaching new possibilities for the efficient exchange, comparison and search of information. It can form the basis for a new global framework that improves the reproducibility, search, and exchange of data across systems, borders, and languages.

scholarly journals Internet since decades - but no globally searchable data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 070-072
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Orthuber
Keyword(s):  
Digital Information ◽  
Number Sequence ◽  
Text Search ◽  
Similarity Comparison ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Binary Format ◽  
The Common ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Machine Readable

The usability of digital information on the internet strongly depends on its searchability. There are search engines for global language based text search, but language based information representation has only limited value, e.g. concerning reproducibility, comparability, precision. Searchable digital information can be much more. Any piece of digital information is a number sequence. We can define the binary format and value set resp. domain of every number online. Then universal information transport is possible by the online defined "Domain Vector" (DV) data structure: "UL plus number sequence". At this "UL" is an efficient link to the machine readable online definition of the number sequence. The UL also is global identifier of a certain kind of data. The online definition includes additional information, e.g. for similarity comparison of the number sequence. With this a universal numeric search engine can provide precise user defined worldwide search of DVs like in a globalized database. All users can participate. Together we can optimize online definitions and provide defined data as DVs. Initially it is necessary to build a first attractive online presence where users can provide online definitions. We should stay in contact to optimize together the common standard for machine readable online definitions and DVs.

scholarly journals Information Is Selection—A Review of Basics Shows Substantial Potential for Improvement of Digital Information Representation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Orthuber
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Information Representation ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Number Sequence ◽  
Digital Representation ◽  
Medical Specialists ◽  
Number Sequences ◽  
Definition Of

Any piece of information is a selection from a set of possibilities. In this paper, this set is called a “domain”. Digital information consists of number sequences, which are selections from a domain. At present, these number sequences are defined contextually in a very variable way, which impairs their comparability. Therefore, global uniformly defined “domain vectors” (DVs), with a structure containing a “Uniform Locator” (“UL”), referred to as “UL plus number sequence”, are proposed. The “UL” is an efficient global pointer to the uniform online definition of the subsequent number sequence. DVs are globally defined, identified, comparable, and searchable by criteria which users can define online. In medicine, for example, patients, doctors, and medical specialists can define DVs online and can, therefore, form global criteria which are important for certain diagnoses. This allows for the immediate generation of precise diagnostic specific statistics of “similar medical cases”, in order to discern the best therapy. The introduction of a compact DV data structure may substantially improve the digital representation of medical information.

scholarly journals XML schema metrics for quality evaluation

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1271-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Pusnik ◽  
Marjan Hericko ◽  
Zoran Budimac ◽  
Bostjan Sumak
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Xml Schema ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Software Developers ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Quality Aspects ◽  
Schema Development ◽  
Quality Aspect ◽  
Definition Of

In XML Schema development, the quality of XML Schemas is a crucial issue for further steps in the life cycle of an application, closely correlated with the structure of XML Schemas and different building blocks. Current research focuses on measuring complexity of XML Schemas and mainly do not consider other quality aspects. This paper proposes a novel quality measuring approach, based on existing software engineering metrics, additionally defining quality aspect of XML Schemas in the following steps: (1) definition of six schema quality aspects, (2) adoption of 25 directly measurable XML Schema variables, (3) proposition of six composite metrics, applying 25 measured variables and (4) composite metrics validation. An experiment using 250 standard XML Schemas collected from available e-business information systems was conducted. The results illustrate influence of XML Schema characteristics on its quality and evaluate applicability of metrics in the measurement process, a useful tool for software developers while building or adopting XML Schemas.

scholarly journals Towards a Definition of Digital Information Preservation Object

2008 ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Quisbert ◽  
Margarita Korenkova ◽  
Ann Hägerfors
Keyword(s):  
Digital Information ◽  
Information Preservation ◽  
Definition Of

Defining digital public health and the role of digitization, digitalization and digital transformation: A scoping review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihoghosa Iyamu ◽  
Alice X.T. Xu ◽  
Oralia Gómez-Ramírez ◽  
Aidan Ablona ◽  
Hsiu-Ju Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Definition Of

BACKGROUND Despite increasing interest in digital public health, there appears to be a lack of clarity and consensus on its definition. OBJECTIVE In this scoping review, we assessed formal and informal definitions of digital public health in the literature. METHODS We conducted a scoping literature search in OVID Medline, Embase, Google Scholar and on 14 government and intergovernmental agency websites encompassing six geographical regions. Among a total of 409 full articles identified, we reviewed 12 publications that formally defined digital public health and/or informally described the integration of digital technologies in public health in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation, and conducted a thematic analysis of the identified definitions. RESULTS We identified two explicit definitions of digital public health with divergent meanings. While one definition is predicated on digitalization, and involves the integration of digital technologies to achieve existing public health goals, the other implies transformation of public health services and goals, leveraging digital technology to improve health outcomes. Further, we found that when described in relation to public health, digitization refers to the conversion of analog records to digital information, digitalization involves the integration of digital technologies into public health operations, and digital transformation involves a cultural shift that pervasively integrates digital technologies and reorganizes service based on the health needs of the public. CONCLUSIONS The definition of digital public health remains contested in the literature. Public health researchers and practitioners need to clarify these conceptual definitions to harness opportunities to integrate digital technologies in public health in a way that maximizes their potential to improve public health outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/preprints.27686

A Constraint Based Fuzzy Object Oriented Database Model

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy de Tre ◽  
Rita de Caluwe
Keyword(s):  
Type System ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Constraint System ◽  
Database Model ◽  
Database Models ◽  
Data Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Oriented Database ◽  
Adequate Data

The objective of this chapter is to define a fuzzy object-oriented formal database model that allows us to model and manipulate information in a (true to nature) natural way. Not all the elements (data) that occur in the real world are fully known or defined in a perfect way. Classical database models only allow the manipulation of accurately defined data in an adequate way. The presented model was built upon an object-oriented type system and an elaborated constraint system, which, respectively, support the definitions of types and constraints. Types and constraints are the basic building blocks of object schemes, which, in turn, are used for defining database schemes. Finally, the definition of the database model was obtained by providing adequate data definition operators and data manipulation operators. Novelties in the approach are the incorporation of generalized constraints and of extended possibilistic truth values, which allow for a better representation of data(base) semantics.

Semiconductor Quantum Dots

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-330
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Semiconductor Quantum Dots ◽  
Continuous Absorption ◽  
Semiconductor Particles ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Narrow Emission

Semiconductor particles in the range of 2-10 nm are known as quantum dots (QDs) and nano-crystals where in all the three spatial dimensions, excitons are confined. Because of very small size and special electronic properties, QDs are expected to be building blocks of many electronic and optoelectronic devices. These particles possess tunable quantum efficiency, continuous absorption spectra, narrow emission and long term photostability. These are important for various biomedical applications. In this chapter definition of semiconductor QDs, their methods of preparation and characterization along with their properties and applications have been discussed.

Health Systems and Home-Based Care: Closing the Loop

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 915-916
Author(s):  
Bill G. Felkey ◽  
Brent I. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Seamless Care ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Home Based Care

In a previous article, we described that progressive health systems have begun to redefine the definition of their enterprise to include the most intensive acute care setting all the way to an individual patient's home. This is being made possible by the transformation into a digital field that all of health care is beginning to make a reality. The vision is seamless care provision, where digital information convergence produces new levels of continuity of care, efficiency, effectiveness, and total situational awareness. In this installment, we focus on the current potential for home-based care, without which the vision of seamless care will ultimately fall short.

A novel GM(1,N) model based on interval gray number and its application to research on smog pollution

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-778
Author(s):  
Pingping Xiong ◽  
Zhiqing He ◽  
Shiting Chen ◽  
Mao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
Number Sequence ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose In recent years, domestic smog has become increasingly frequent and the adverse effects of smog have increasingly become the focus of public attention. It is a way to analyze such problems and provide solutions by mathematical methods. Design/methodology/approach This paper establishes a new gray model (GM) (1,N) prediction model based on the new kernel and degree of grayness sequences under the case that the interval gray number distribution information is known. First, the new kernel and degree of grayness sequences of the interval gray number sequence are calculated using the reconstruction definition of the kernel and degree of grayness. Then, the GM(1,N) model is formed based on the above new sequences to simulate and predict the kernel and degree of the grayness of the interval gray number sequence. Finally, the upper and lower bounds of the interval gray number are deduced based on the calculation formulas of the kernel and degree of grayness. Findings To verify further the practical significance of the model proposed in this paper, the authors apply the model to the simulation and prediction of smog. Compared with the traditional GM(1,N) model, the new GM(1,N) prediction model established in this paper has better prediction effect and accuracy. Originality/value This paper improves the traditional GM(1,N) prediction model and establishes a new GM(1,N) prediction model in the case of the known distribution information of the interval gray number of the smog pollutants concentrations data.

Promoting Modularity in Evolutionary Design

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hod Lipson ◽  
Jordan B. Pollack ◽  
Nam P. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Design Problem ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Evolutionary Design ◽  
Automate Machine ◽  
Design Systems ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Evolutionary design systems apply principles inspired from biological evolution to automate machine design. These systems have been shown to generate simple designs for simple tasks — but their practical ability to scale up to higher complexities remains questioned. One of the keys to accomplishing higher-level evolutionary design is the ability of the process to identify and reuse knowledge discovered at lower levels, thus scaling its search capacity. One way to capture this knowledge is in the form of reusable building blocks — modules. In this paper we define modularity and discuss several approaches to promoting modularity in evolutionary design systems. In particular, we propose a new mechanism that can enhance modularization. This mechanism is based on the observation that designs that exhibit modularity have higher adaptability and consequently have better survival rates under changing requirements. Contrary to other techniques, this is a weak (indirect) formulation that docs not require representation of partial solutions or definition of a genotype from which a design is developed. We demonstrate this principle on an abstract general design problem on which modularity can be statistically quantified.

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