scholarly journals Relating to the rational utilization of manganese-containing raw materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
I. E. Proshunin ◽  
M. A. Golodova ◽  
I. E. Khodosov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Flow Chart ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Metallogenic Province ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Manganese Concentrate

Data on main manganese ores deposits by Russian Federation subjects presented. It was shown, that main part of manganese ore raw materials prognostic resources are concentrated in Altaj-Sayan and Enisej-East-Sayan metallogenic provinces. Estimation of metallurgical value of manganese ores deposits, located at the territory of Altaj-Sayan metallogenic province, carried out. A technological flow-chart of manganese-containing raw materials elaborated, comprising high quality manganese concentrate obtaining, its preparation, synthesis of marokite and mono-phase CaMnO3 material, marokite briquetting with a reducing agent and application for steel processing in ladle-furnace facility. A possibility shown to utilization of CaMnO3 mono-phase material mixed with a reducing agent and high quality manganese concentrate for production of metal manganese. Thermodynamic calculations and experiment studies on polymetallic manganese-containing raw material beneficiation enabled to determine main technological parameters of extraction and elaborate a technological flow-chart of beneficiation. The elaborated technology enables to obtain high quality manganese, nickel, iron and cobalt concentrates. Application of optimal technological parameters of beneficiation enables to extract from a polymetallic manganese-containing raw materials up to 95–97% of manganese, 98–99% of nickel, 96–98% of iron. It was shown, that it is reasonable to use the manganese concentrate for low phosphor metal manganese smelting, that will enable to decrease the dependence from manganese-containing materials import. A technology of steel alloying by obtained nickel concentrate elaborated. The substitution of metal nickel by nickel concentrate will considerably reduce expenses for alloying. A technology of metalized iron production by a solid-phase reducing method from an iron concentrate also elaborated, which will enable to decrease impurities content in steel during its application.

scholarly journals Manganese ores of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass and methods of their enrichment

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
A. I. Edil’baev ◽  
B. A. Edil’baev
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Manganese Ores ◽  
Manganese Concentrates

Manganese ores of the vast majority of domestic deposits are of low quality: with low content of manganese (18 – 24 %) and high specific content of phosphorus (ratio P/Mn > 0.006). They have an increased content of iron and silicon and they are difficult to enrich. The main part of balance reserves of manganese ores – 98.5 million tons (64.2 %) is concentrated in large Usinskoye field in the Kemerovo region. In addition to Usinskoye, there are also deposits in this region Kaigadatskoye (32.7 million tons), Durnovskoye (300 thousand tons), Selezenskoye fields and the Chumay plot. For a comprehensive approach to solving the proposed problem it is needed to assess technical and economic feasibility of all stages (exploration, extraction and enrichment of manganese ores, their subsequent processing and consumption) of involvement of manganese ores from these deposits in production. Using developed technology of calcium-chloride enrichment, high-quality manganese concentrates are obtained from carbonate, including high-phosphorous ores of the Usinskoye field, poor oxide and ferromanganese ores of the Selezenskoye and the Durnovskoye fields. Extraction of manganese from manganese-containing raw materials into concentrate was at least 90 %. The resulting concentrate contains 58 – 64 % of manganese, less than 0.01 % of phosphorus, 0.02 – 0.05 % of iron oxide, 0.5 – 1.0 % of silica and sulfur. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies on the enrichment of polymetallic manganese-containing ores from the Chumay plot allowed us to determine the main technological parameters for extracting valuable components. The use of optimal technological parameters of enrichment allows extraction of up to 95 – 97 % of manganese and 98 – 99 % of nickel from raw materials.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

scholarly journals Hydrometallurgical enrichment of polymetallic and ferromanganese ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
I. A. Rybenko ◽  
M. A. Golodova, ◽  
A. O. Izrail’skii
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermodynamic Calculations ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Processed Products

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of leaching of polymetallic manganese-containing and ferromanganese ore. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies on enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials made it possible to determine the main technological parameters of the extraction of manganese, iron and non-ferrous metals, and to develop technological schemes for enrichment of various types of manganese-containing raw materials. The studies were carried out for polymetallic and ferromanganese ores of the Kaigadat deposit, the Selezen deposit, the Sugul site, located in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass. Before carrying out laboratory studies, the authors have performed thermodynamic analysis of ore leaching, chemical and X-ray structural analyzes of the samples. Laboratory tests were carried out on a multichamber autoclave unit MKA-4-75 using calcium and iron chlorides as solvents. Since the introduction of a reducing agent into the charge during leaching significantly improves the conditions for dissolution of oxides and hydroxides of manganese in calcium chloride, a series of experiments was conducted with the use of charcoal in the charge. Thermodynamic calculations have shown that the leaching process is fully implemented in the temperature range from 323 to 673 K. The results of the experiments confirmed the theoretical research results. The obtained data allowed the authors to propose a technological scheme for hydrometallurgical enrichment of polymetallic and ferromanganese ores to produce high-quality concentrates. All processed products are suitable for use. The use of optimal technological parameters of enrichment allows 95–97 % of manganese, up to 80 % of nickel, up to 99 % of cobalt, and 96–98 % of iron to be extracted from polymetallic manganese-containing raw materials. As a result of the deposition of these elements, high-quality concentrates of manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt are obtained. According to the proposed technological scheme for ferromanganese raw materials with a high content of silicates, it is possible to obtain high-quality concentrates of manganese and iron, while the extraction of manganese is 90–92 %, and of iron – 86–90 %.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

scholarly journals Fe3O4@C Nanoparticles Synthesized by In Situ Solid-Phase Method for Removal of Methylene Blue

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Hengli Xiang ◽  
Genkuan Ren ◽  
Yanjun Zhong ◽  
Dehua Xu ◽  
Zhiye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
High Concentrations

Fe3O4@C nanoparticles were prepared by an in situ, solid-phase reaction, without any precursor, using FeSO4, FeS2, and PVP K30 as raw materials. The nanoparticles were utilized to decolorize high concentrations methylene blue (MB). The results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles was 18.52 mg/g, and that the adsorption process was exothermic. Additionally, by employing H2O2 as the initiator of a Fenton-like reaction, the removal efficiency of 100 mg/L MB reached ~99% with Fe3O4@C nanoparticles, while that of MB was only ~34% using pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The mechanism of H2O2 activated on the Fe3O4@C nanoparticles and the possible degradation pathways of MB are discussed. The Fe3O4@C nanoparticles retained high catalytic activity after five usage cycles. This work describes a facile method for producing Fe3O4@C nanoparticles with excellent catalytic reactivity, and therefore, represents a promising approach for the industrial production of Fe3O4@C nanoparticles for the treatment of high concentrations of dyes in wastewater.

scholarly journals Novel Cs2HfCl6 Crystal Scintillator: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-351
Author(s):  
Serge Nagorny
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Light Yield ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pulse Shape Discrimination ◽  
Main Element ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Crystal Sample ◽  
Discrimination Ability

Recent progress in Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) crystal production achieved within the last five years is presented. Various aspects have been analyzed, including the chemical purity of raw materials, purification methods, optimization of the growth and thermal conditions, crystal characterization, defect structure, and internal radioactive background. Large volume, crack-free, and high quality CHC crystals with an ultimate scintillating performance were produced as a result of such extensive research and development (R & D) program. For example, the CHC crystal sample with dimensions ∅23 × 30 mm3 demonstrates energy resolution of 3.2% FWHM at 662 keV, the relative light output at the level of 30,000 ph/MeV and excellent linearity down to 20 keV. Additionally, this material exhibits excellent pulse shape discrimination ability and low internal background of less than 1 Bq/kg. Furthermore, attempts to produce a high quality CHC crystal resulted in research on this material optimization by constitution of either alkali ions (Cs to Tl), or main element (Hf to Zr), or halogen ions (Cl to Br, I, or their mixture in different ratio), as well as doping with various active ions (Te4+, Ce3+, Eu3+, etc.). This leads to a range of new established scintillating materials, such as Tl2HfCl6, Tl2ZrCl6, Cs2HfCl4Br2, Cs2HfCl3Br3, Cs2ZrCl6, and Cs2HfI6. To exploit the whole potential of these compounds, detailed studies of the material’s fundamental properties, and understanding of the variety of the luminescence mechanisms are required. This will help to understand the origin of the high light yield and possible paths to further extend it. Perspectives of CHC crystals and related materials as detectors for rare nuclear processes are also discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of high quality 2D carbide MXene flakes using a highly purified MAX precursor for ink applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Hyun Seok ◽  
Seungjun Choo ◽  
Jinsung Kwak ◽  
Hyejin Ju ◽  
Ju-Hyoung Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Max Phases ◽  
Painting Process ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

A method of pelletizing raw materials was used to tackle unwarranted variations in MXene products depending on the parent MAX phases, manufacturing techniques, and preparation parameters, enabling a direct painting process on various surfaces for ink applications.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ZrB2/h-BN Multiphase Ceramics by Low-Temperature Reactive Sintering

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 510-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Rui Zhai ◽  
Ke Shan ◽  
Ruo Meng Xu ◽  
Min Lu ◽  
Zhong Zhou Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Multiphase Ceramics ◽  
Strength And Toughness

In the present paper, the ZrB2/h-BN multiphase ceramics were fabricated by SPS (spark plasma sintering) technology at lower sintering temperature using h-BN, ZrO2, AlN and Si as raw materials and B2O3 as a sintering aid. The phase constitution and microstructure of specimens were analyzed by XRD and SEM. Moreover, the effects of different sintering pressures on the densification, microstructure and mechanical properties of ZrB2/h-BN multiphase ceramics were also systematically investigated. The results show that the ZrB2 was obtained through solid phase reaction at different sintering pressures, and increasing sintering pressure could accelerate the formation of ZrB2 phase. As the sintering pressure increasing, the fracture strength and toughness of the sintered samples had a similar increasing tendency as the relative density. The better comprehensive properties were obtained at given sintering pressure of 50MPa, and the relative density, fracture strength and toughness reached about 93.4%, 321MPa and 3.3MPa·m1/2, respectively. The SEM analysis shows that the h-BN grains were fine and uniform, and the effect of sintering pressure on grain size was inconspicuous. The distribution of grain is random cross array, and the fracture texture was more obvious with the increase of sintering pressure. The fracture mode of sintered samples remained intergranular fracture mechanism as sintering pressure changed, and the grain refinement, grain pullout and crack deflection helped to increase the mechanical properties.

Fabrication of High-Quality Microfluidic Solid-Phase Chromatography Columns

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1797-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Huft ◽  
Charles A. Haynes ◽  
Carl L. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Chromatography Columns

The Preparation of High Quality CIS Films by Spraying Citrate-Capped Cu11In9 Alloy Nanoparticles Ink and RTP Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Yuan Kui Ding ◽  
Pai Feng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Alloy Nanoparticles ◽  
System Research ◽  
Spherical Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Agglomeration ◽  
Energy Band Gap ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Selenization Process

A facile low-cost non-vacuum process for fabrication of high quality CuInSe2(CIS) films is described, which indicates a promising way for the application in thin film solar cells. First, citrate-capped Cu11In9alloy nanoparticles are synthesized by hot-injection method after a system research on the different reaction time and Cu-In ratio of the raw materials. From the TEM and XRD results, we can see that uniform spherical nanoparticles with dominant Cu11In9phase and less particle-to-particle agglomeration are successfully achieved in this study. Then, employing spray and RTP selenization process, high quality CIS films with dense and big grains are obtained, which show the single chalcopyrite structure and the preferred (112) orientation. An energy band gap about 1.01 eV is measured through the absorption spectroscopy measurement in our work.

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