Fuel-melting aggregate “MAGMA-1” for processing wastes of electric steelmaking

Toughening of ecological requirements to metallurgical production and economic factors, stipulated by competitiveness at the metal products market, increased actuality of utilization of slags, sludges and dust, obtained in steelmaking. It was shown, that from the economic point of view, processing of slags obtained at operation of modern ultra-powerful electric arc furnaces (EAF), is the item of highest interest. At present, their processing is restricted often by maximum possible recovery of metallic inclusions. At that the problem of utilization slag remains, dust and sludges remains unsolved. A pyrometallurgical method of electric steelmaking slags processing in EAF was considered. The process involves application of liquid phase reducing of metal oxides and correction of slag composition aimed at obtaining cast slag marketable products and clinker for cement industry. Data of test heats for slags utilization at the 5-ton EAF presented. The proposed technology enables to make industrial scale processing of slags with obtaining cast iron and melted clinker. Taking into consideration that EAF coefficient of efficiency, accounting fuel consumption for electrical energy obtaining is not high and is 23–24%, it was proposed to do slags processing in fuel-melting aggregates, in which the efficiency of primary energy utilization is higher (efficiency coefficient is 25–40%). The firm OJSC NTP “Akont” developed a technical project of a fuel-melting aggregate “MAGMA-1” for processing electric steelmaking slags. Its basic technical data and performance indices presented. It was shown that additional decrease of fuel consumption can be provided at utilization of liquid slag tapped out of EAF in a course of a heat, as well as at charge heating in a tubular rotating heater by waste gases.

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Research on Steric and Multilevel Concentrator for Photovoltaic Generation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.65 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Xiao Fan Yang ◽

Zhi Long Xu ◽

Chao Li ◽

Zhong Ming Huang

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Solar Energy ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Development Trend ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Price Ratio ◽

Photovoltaic Generation ◽

Photovoltaic Power ◽

Operating Factor ◽

And Performance

As the development trend of solar energy, which is a green way of energy utilization, photovoltaic power generation has been a research hotspot of solar energy utilization technologies. Using the concentrating and tracking technology to increase the illumination intensity, and obtain more electrical energy, that will reduce the cost of the photovoltaic power generation system sharply. A kind of steric and multilevel concentrator for photovoltaic generation is introduced in this paper, whose concentration ratio is 3. The operating factor of plane mirrors and performance price ratio of the system is increased for optimizing the condensation parameters and structure of the concentrator.

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Real Time Electrical Energy Monitoring and Cost Benefit Analysis using Smart Meter

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.f1029.0386s20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6S) ◽

pp. 156-160

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Cost Benefit Analysis ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Daily Lives ◽

New Energy ◽

The Cost ◽

User Friendly

Energy is an essential component in supporting people’s daily lives and is a significant economical element in development of the country. The eventual depletion of conventional energy resources and their harmful impacts on environment as well as the rising energy costs and the limitations of new energy resources and technologies have pushed efficient energy management to the top of the agenda. But how the energy utilization can be managed? A simple answer to this is viable and real time metering, which enables calculation of run time energy consumption and obtaining the real-time as well as cumulative cost. In this research an Innovative hardware and IoT based solution to this problem is availed that could provide live information related to consumption of electricity by various appliances. The methodology used in this research is mainly based on a hardware tool named Elite 440 which is a meter and provides the data about various electrical parameters. This data so obtained is made visible on the dashboard in a user friendly. The data so visible includes various parameters like voltage, current, power factor etc. Also the data so obtained on the dashboard gets updated in each five minutes and simultaneously the cost gets updated which makes it real time monitoring System.

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Tracking of Maximum Power Point in Solar PV (SPV) Systems using Perturb & Observe (PO) and Incremental Conductance (IC) Method

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.j1195.1081219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 613-618

Keyword(s):

Electrical Energy ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Maximum Power Point ◽

Incremental Conductance ◽

Tracking Time ◽

Power Point ◽

Number Of Publications

The solar energy being clean, green & commercially modest, have become one of the most prevalent choice amongst the renewable sources of electrical energy. Utilization of energy generated from Solar photovoltaic (SPV) system rest on the maximum extraction of the power generated. Ideal maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) is used to transfer 100% generated power from source and transfer it to load. In literature of recent years, a good number of publications found on SPV systems and MPPT. In this paper most popular MPPT techniquesPerturb & Observe (PO) and Incremental Conductance (IC) methods are simulated and implemented. The comparison is also presented on the ground of parameters like tracking time, tracking efficiency etc.

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Production of Electricity in Photovoltaic Systems for Administrative Buildings in Romania, Technical and Economic Analysis

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.431 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 659 ◽

pp. 431-434

Author(s):

Cătălin George Popovici ◽

Marius Costel Balan ◽

Marina Verdeș ◽

Vasilică Ciocan ◽

Andrei Burlacu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Technological Development ◽

Classical System ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Past Century ◽

Photovoltaic Systems ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Economic Point ◽

Electricity Grid ◽

Solar Radiation Intensity

One of the effects of technological development of all human societies over the past century is more pronounced increase in energy consumption, but more pronounced dependence on fossil fuel consumption, especially as oil, natural gas and coal.The paper presents a comparative analysis of technical and economic point of view of two systems, the first using the classical system (national electricity grid) and the second using the new unconventional technology with photovoltaic systems for administrative building in rural areas.For correct evaluation of the performance of this systems providing electrical energy requires some assumptions about the consumption of electricity, the solar radiation intensity, the energy cost and the climate zones of the location.

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THE POTENTIAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SOLAR HOME SYSTEM WITH SWITCHING METHOD ON HOUSEHOLD ELECTRICITY SCALE

Jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.34006/jmbi.v9i2.222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 125-134

Author(s):

Kurnia Paranita Kartika ◽

Riska Dhenabayu

Keyword(s):

Electrical Power ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Economic Point ◽

Household Appliances ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Solar Home System ◽

Switching Method

This study aims to design a Solar Home System with an Arduino-based Smart Switching system so that the use of electrical energy generated by solar panels can be adjusted without adding power from other electricity sources, such as PLN. Calculation of Leveled Cost of Energy (LCOE) is used as the basis for the switching process that will be carried out to regulate the use of household appliances that are routinely used, regulate electricity consumption automatically, minimize usage, and calculate the effectiveness of electric power usage. The way SHS works is to collect electrical energy from sunlight, then convert DC voltage to AC so that it can be used to run household electronic equipment. To accommodate the adequacy of electrical power, an automatic adjustment is made for household appliances that are routinely used, namely house lights, which includes setting the lights on and off and the number of lights that can be activated. The advantage of this research is that the SHS system is integrated with the automatic setting of the lights installed in the house so that the number of lights on will adjust the availability of electrical energy in the battery. In addition, with the LCOE method, the level of usage can be calculated so that users can save electricity. From the results of usage testing, it is found that the application of this switching technology provides benefits for users because it is no longer dependent on PLN supply. From an economic point of view, based on the calculation of Leveled Cost of Energy (LCOE), there is a kWh value savings of Rp. 77, - for each kWh price or about 4.53% compared to purchasing electricity with prepaid mode.

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Rule-Based Alternator Control Using Predicted Velocity for Energy Management Strategy

Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control ◽

10.1115/1.4044616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 141 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Jaewook Shin ◽

Haksu Kim ◽

Seungeon Baek ◽

Myoungho Sunwoo ◽

Manbae Han

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Energy Management ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Control Mode ◽

Pi Control ◽

Electrical System ◽

Energy Management Strategy ◽

Rule Based

AbstractThe market concern of improvement of vehicle safety and its convenience to drive a vehicle has resulted in the growth of the demand for vehicular electronic equipment. This trend requires additional power in the vehicle and thus makes prone to the increase of fuel consumption for vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. To minimize this fuel consumption, an efficient energy management (EM) strategy for the electrical system of alternator and battery is required. This paper proposes a successful EM strategy based on the rule-based alternator control using predictive information. The proposed strategy reduces fuel consumption by charging batteries using the residual kinetic energy during deceleration. In particular, we predict electrical energy that is recovered by the residual energy using a Markov chain-based velocity prediction algorithm. The accommodation of predicted electrical energy and current vehicle information determines one of the three predefined control modes, such as charge, hold, and discharge, depending on vehicle driving states. This control mode determines the power generation from the alternator and controls the amount of torque to the vehicle electrical system. The proposed strategy is verified through simulation and experiment. The simulation with the new EM strategy is validated as comparing the operation difference with a conventional proportional-integral (PI) control algorithm under the same driver behaviors. Further validation in real vehicle driving experiment shows that fuel consumption was reduced by 2.1% compared to the conventional PI control algorithm.

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Self-Heating Graphene Nanocomposite Bricks: A Case Study in China

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 714

Author(s):

Zhuo Tang ◽

Dong Lu ◽

Jing Gong ◽

Xianming Shi ◽

Jing Zhong

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Performance ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Firing Process ◽

High Dispersion ◽

Water Pipelines ◽

Graphene Nanocomposite ◽

Save Energy

In cold climate regions, the energy associated with indoor heating constitutes a large portion of energy consumption. Increasing energy utilization efficiency is critically important for both economic and environmental reasons. Directly converting electrical energy to thermal energy using joule heating construction elements can save energy and investment to the water pipelines which have been extensively used for indoor heating in China. The fired brick has been extensively used to make pavements, walls and other masonry. Taking advantage of the high dispersion quality of graphene oxide (GO) in water, as well as the firing process used to make fired bricks, graphene nanocomposite bricks with excellent electrical properties and improved mechanical performance were prepared in China. The compressive strength of the bricks showed a substantial increase from 3.15 MPa to 7.21 MPa when GO concentration was 0.1 wt.%. Through applying 5 volts of electrical field within 5 minutes, the nanocomposites can be heated from room temperature to 60 °C, 110 °C and 160 °C for the nanocomposite bricks with graphene concentration of 3 wt.%, 4 wt.% and 5 wt.%, respectively, due to the extremely low percolation threshold (~0.5 wt.%) and high conductivity (10 Ω·cm at 1 wt.%). The sheets were connected more tightly when the GO content was increased. The thermal efficiency can reach up to 88% based on the applied voltage, measured resistance and temperature rise curves.

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Highly efficient functional GexPb1−xTe based thermoelectric alloys

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c4cp02399d ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (37) ◽

pp. 20120-20126 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Yaniv Gelbstein ◽

Joseph Davidow

Keyword(s):

Energy Conversion ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Thermoelectric Materials ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽

Efficient Implementation ◽

Thermoelectric Devices

Methods for enhancement of the direct thermal to electrical energy conversion efficiency, upon development of advanced thermoelectric materials, are constantly investigated mainly for an efficient implementation of thermoelectric devices in automotive vehicles, for utilizing the waste heat generated in such engines into useful electrical power and thereby reduction of the fuel consumption and CO2 emission levels.

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