scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vitamin A Deficiency and the Associated Risk Factors among the Children of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Safa Rafique ◽  
Sana Batool ◽  
Saman Hina ◽  
Malik Siddique Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a very common problem in developing countries and in extreme situations, it is responsible for vision impairment as well as death. To conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional evaluation of the deficiency of vitamin A and the associated risk factors responsible for its deficiency, a questionnaire based survey was conducted in District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. In order to evaluate the data related to VAD and its relationship with different variables, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of 400 female students from three different schools in District Gujrat. The schools were situated in both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire eliciting personal information, family status and diet related information was used to collect the required data for the survey. The results did not pertain with the participants’ gender. The results were based on the summer season routine of diet and physical activity. All information was sorted and the results were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 update and SPSS version 20. It was found that 39% girls (156 out of 400) were deficient in vitamin A. The main source of VAD was found to be inadequate dietary consumption. It was also found that children with poor socioeconomic standing, low fluid consumption, and from urban areas have more VAD than others. Moreover, the age group of 8-11 years carried a higher percentage of VAD, while physical activity had no impact on VAD. A large number of girls were reported as the victims of VAD due to poverty and related socioeconomic constraints prevailing among the school going children in District Gujrat. A crucial approach towards reducing VAD is to learn about the preventive measures to control VAD. In low-income countries, the use of vitamin A supplements with daily diet is required to reduce the impact of VAD.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey of Vitamin A Deficiency and the Associated Risk Factors among the Children of District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Adil Hussain ◽  
Safa Rafique ◽  
Sana Batool ◽  
Saman Hina ◽  
Malik Siddique Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a very common problem in developing countries and in extreme situations, it is responsible for vision impairment as well as death. To conduct a comprehensive cross-sectional evaluation of the deficiency of vitamin A and the associated risk factors responsible for its deficiency, a questionnaire based survey was conducted in District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. In order to evaluate the data related to VAD and its relationship with different variables, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of 400 female students from three different schools in District Gujrat. The schools were situated in both rural and urban areas. A questionnaire eliciting personal information, family status and diet related information was used to collect the required data for the survey. The results did not pertain with the participants’ gender. The results were based on the summer season routine of diet and physical activity. All information was sorted and the results were analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 update and SPSS version 20. It was found that 39% girls (156 out of 400) were deficient in vitamin A. The main source of VAD was found to be inadequate dietary consumption. It was also found that children with poor socioeconomic standing, low fluid consumption, and from urban areas have more VAD than others. Moreover, the age group of 8-11 years carried a higher percentage of VAD, while physical activity had no impact on VAD. A large number of girls were reported as the victims of VAD due to poverty and related socioeconomic constraints prevailing among the school going children in District Gujrat. A crucial approach towards reducing VAD is to learn about the preventive measures to control VAD. In low-income countries, the use of vitamin A supplements with daily diet is required to reduce the impact of VAD.

Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin A Deficiency among Brazilian Children under 2 Years of Age from the 2006 National Demographic Health Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulio Konstantyner ◽  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Infant ◽  
Adequate Food

Background Vitamin A deficiency is prevalent among infants, primarily in undeveloped communities, compromising immune system competence and raising morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding the risk factors associated with vitamin A deficiency is essential to create informed health policies. Objective To identify and quantify risk factors for vitamin A deficiency in a probabilistic sample of children under 2 years of age participating in a national survey in Brazil and to provide a comprehensive risk factor model to inform health strategies and policies. Methods We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 1,436 children from the 2006 Brazilian National Survey on Demography and the Health of Women and Children. Vitamin A deficiency was defined as retinol levels below 0.70 μg/dL. Results The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was estimated at 16.1% (95% CI, 12.7 to 20.2). The Poisson regression model identified three risk factors for vitamin A deficiency: urban residence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.47, p = .023), no consumption of animal meat within the past week (PR = 1.41, p = .031), and a mother older than 25 years (PR = 1.31, p = .048). Conclusions Strategies to control infant vitamin A deficiency should include health promotion and nutrition education for families from all socioeconomic levels. Improvements in lifestyle quality, based on adequate food consumption by all infants, must be achieved by communities, especially in urban areas and for older mothers.

scholarly journals Vitamin A intake in school-aged children in Draa-Tafilalet oasis regions, southeastern of Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01096
Author(s):  
Karima Azekour ◽  
Sakhr Dadda ◽  
Fouzia Sebbari ◽  
Bachir El Bouhali
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Study Data ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
School Aged Children

Vitamin A has several important functions such as preventing childhood blindness and strengthening the immune system against common diseases in children. The purpose of the present work was to assess the nutritional intake of vitamin A in oasis school-age children. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among children enrolled in public primary education establishments. 4244 school-aged children were randomly selected to take part in the study. Data on dietary vitamin A intake was assessed by the 24-hour dietary recall. Socio-economic characteristics were got using an appropriate questionnaire. Over the entire sample, the median vitamin A intake was around 409.3 μg for girls and 294.5 μg for boys. The prevalence of insufficient vitamin A intake was observed in 58.3%. The prevalence of inadequate intake according to socio-demographic and economic characteristics shows girls tend to develop vitamin A deficiency compared to boys. Children from urban areas show significant percentages of inadequacy. School-aged children with illiterate parents with low monthly income were identified as at risk of having insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A. In conclusion, we have revealed an important level of inadequacy for vitamin A in the overall processed results that must be considered.

scholarly journals The prevalence and associated risk factors of musculoskeletal pain among pilgrims during the Hajj: cross-sectional results from 59 nationalities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Alshehri ◽  
Jamal Alzaidi ◽  
Sultan Alasmri ◽  
Ali Alfaqeh ◽  
Mohammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Leg Pain ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Musculoskeletal pain is a major burden on individuals, social and healthcare systems. Annually, 2–3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The Hajj involves a high level of physical demand because pilgrims generally move by foot for long distances among a series of religious sites, an effort that may exceed the typical physical activity level for most individuals. To understand the impact of musculoskeletal pain on the completion of the Hajj, it is first necessary to evaluate the extent of the problem. This study aimed to estimate the point prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and associated risk factors among pilgrims. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of the Hajj. Data were collected after completion of the 2 nd day of the Hajj (21–31 August 2018), mainly by volunteers using an online application or paper form and approaching individuals at different sites around Mecca. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: adult pilgrims aged 18 or older. Participants were allowed to report more than one site of pain. Prevalence and odds ratios were calculated. Results: A total of 1,715 responses were included in the data analysis. The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high (82.27%). Musculoskeletal pain was most commonly reported in the ankle/foot (39.07%), leg (30.38%), lower back (28.40%), knee (23.03%) and shoulder (16.09%). The odds ratios revealed that musculoskeletal pain was more common in females; older individuals; individuals who smoked, had diabetes or hypertension; those who believed that the Hajj was physically exhausting and those who had experienced a fall during the Hajj. However, there were variations in the degrees of importance of these factors across different anatomical sites of the pain. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain is common among pilgrims, and it is more prevalent among pilgrims than among the general population. Unlike most populations examined in other studies, ankle/foot and leg pain were the most common in pilgrims. These data provide guidance for potential preventative programs and the allocation of resources to optimise pilgrims’ experiences and ability to complete the Hajj. Trial registration: The study was registered at https://www.researchregistry.com in August 2018 (No. 4352).

scholarly journals Use of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in identifying cardiovascular risk factors in male brazilian adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Lilian Messias Sampaio Brito ◽  
Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽  
Deise Cristiane Moser ◽  
Ana Cláudia Kapp Titski ◽  
Monica Nunes Lima Cat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n6p678 The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels on the prevalence of overweight and high blood pressure levels in adolescents. In this observational, cross-sectional study, 614 boys aged 10-14 years were assessed for height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). CRF was assessed using a run test (Léger Test) and subjects were then grouped according to their CRF level. PA level was assessed through a questionnaire (The Three Day Physical Activity Recall) and classified into two groups, namely > 300 minutes of PA/week and < 300 minutes of PA/week. Maturational stage was evaluated according to the development of pubic hair (self-assessment) as proposed by Tanner. We used statistical descriptive analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses in the total participants and subjects were divided by age. Fifty percent of the sample performed < 300 minutes of PA/week and 67.6% had unsatisfactory CRF levels. There was a higher prevalence of unsatisfactory CRF levels among subjects with altered BMI (overweight), WC (abdominal obesity) or BP (high blood pressure) for all age groups. PA history, however, did not show any significance. A total of 31% of participants were overweight, 24.8% had abdominal obesity and 15.4% had increased BP. Unsatisfactory CRF levels were found to be a better predictor for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CV) risk factors than PA history, regardless of age group. 

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INTERNET-ENABLED PHONES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Asma Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Prolonged Time ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Smart phones usage is rapidly progressing day by day in young adults’ lives who have become habituated and less indulged in physical activities. Thus, this study is aimed to measure the impact of internet-enabled smart phones on physical activity of students. METHODOLOGY An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among students aged 18-30 years studying in tertiary institutions. Internet-Connectedness Index and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form were formulated in the Google Docs and distributed to participants via email or social media applications. RESULTS A total number of 252 students participated in study revealed that majority of users have own computer for prolonged time with broadband and 3G internet. Only (4.4%) participants have performed vigorous and (5.6%) moderate activities 7 days a week. Whereas (27.8%) participants spent their time sitting at desk, visiting friends, reading, sitting or lying down to watch TV for <2 hours (27.8%), <4 hours (21.8%) while >8 hours (23%) respectively. This showed that with the increased use of internet, young adults performed low physical activity. CONCLUSION It was concluded that majority of young adults have used internet for prolonged time on computer/laptop/cell phones whereas limited participants reported to have regular physical activity however, no significant association was found between the impacts of internet-connectedness with physical activity.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among persons aged 15–49 in India: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e029714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumitra Ghosh ◽  
Manish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Life Style Changes ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

ObjectivesThis is the first attempt to provide estimates on the prevalence of hypertension at the national, state and district level, a prerequisite for designing effective interventions. Besides, the study aims to identify the risk factors of hypertension.DesignWe analysed cross-sectional survey data from the fourth round (2015–2016) of National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016, gathering information on a range of indicators including blood pressure. The age adjusted prevalence of hypertension was calculated for state comparison, while multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess the correlates of hypertension.Setting and participantsIndia (2015–2016; n=811 917) aged 15–49.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome is hypertension, which has been defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension in India was 11.3% (95% CI 11.16% to 11.43%) among persons aged between 15 and 49 and was four percentage points higher among males 13.8% (95% CI 13.46% to 14.19%) than among females 10.9% (95% CI 10.79% to 11.06%). Persons in the urban location (12.5%, 95% CI 12.25% to 12.80%) had a marginally higher prevalence than persons in rural location (10.6%, 95% CI 10.50% to 10.78%). The proportion of population suffering from hypertension varied greatly between states, with a prevalence of 8.2% (95% CI 7.58% to 8.85%) in Kerala to 20.3% (95% CI 18.81% to 21.77%) in Sikkim. Advancing age, obesity/overweight, male sex, socioeconomic status and consumption of alcohol were found to be the major predictors of hypertension.ConclusionsHypertension prevalence is now becoming more concentrated among the poor. Policy measures should be taken to improve the hazardous working conditions and growing social pressures of survival responsible for ‘life-style’ changes such as consumption of high calorie food and alcohol.

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