scholarly journals DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS ROLE IN THE INVESTIGATION INTO VIOLATIONS OF HAZARDOUS WORKS SAFETY REGULATIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
K. A. Spasenko

Using the summary data in criminal cases (materials of criminal proceedings) the article studies peculiarities of document management and its role in the investigation into violations of hazardous works safety regulations. The peculiarities of economic and organizational activity of any enterprise, institution or organization regardless of the form of ownership are present in the relevant management documents reflecting the course and results of their activity. At the same time the performance of hazardous works must be recorded following a special document management order comprising the relevant contracts, orders, instructions, accompanying documents, and while studying these document the investigator forms a complete picture of a safety rules violation that took place. In addition to the regular documents at the enterprise where safety rules violation took place, it is also very important to study the documents and records of the investigation into the incident (accident) that was performed by the enterprise itself. Taking into account the considerable amount of documents to be studied the article suggests their consolidation with regard to stages in the performance of works.

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
V. V. Borodin ◽  
A. R. Sirakanyan

The study focuses on the procedure for appointing and conducting expert research in cases of crimes related to violations of labor protection and safety rules. The author out lines the range of research tasks in this area, lists the types of expertise that are widely used in this category of criminal cases. Based on the analysis of legal norms regulating the procedure for the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations, the author comes to the conclusion that the procedural legislation contains a significant number of General approaches to the appointment and conduct of expertise (including in the field of investigation of crimes related to violations of labor protection and safety rules). The specificity of expert research on this category of criminal cases is that in the framework of establishing the actual circumstances of the incident, it is often necessary to conduct several examinations (complex expert studies), taking into account the specifics of specific production processes at the enterprise.


2021 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
В.О. Захарова

Автором проанализированы основные положения участия переводчика в уголовном судопроизводстве. Даны рекомендации по осуществлению взаимодействия следователя с переводчиком. Приведены типичные ошибки, возникающие при участии переводчика в уголовном судопроизводстве и даны рекомендации по осуществлению взаимодействия переводчика со следователем. The author analyzes the main provisions of the interpreter’s participation in criminal proceedings. Recommendations are given on the implementation of the interaction of the investigator with the translator. Typical errors that occur with the participation of an interpreter in criminal proceedings are presented and recommendations are given for the interaction of an interpreter with an investigator.


2021 ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Borzunova ◽  
K. L. Maksimova ◽  
O. S. Matorina

The article deals with the specific features of the procedure of legal proceedings in cases involving minors. Thus, one of the grounds for differentiating criminal proceedings according to this criterion of cases is the underage age of persons who have committed a socially dangerous act. This is primarily due to the age characteristics of these individuals, who are characterized by great impressionability, lack of sufficient life experience and solid knowledge, immaturity of thinking, instability of the psyche and increased emotionality, increased suggestibility and auto-suggestion, a tendency to fantasy and imitation. Their will is not yet strong enough, and their character is not yet fully formed. In connection with the above, there is a specific nature of the circumstances to be proved in this category of criminal cases, which is analyzed in the article. The authors ‘opinions on the expanded subject of evidence in criminal cases against minors are presented. Proposals were made to improve the legislation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
E. V. Markovicheva ◽  

The functioning of the jury in Russia has demonstrated not only effectiveness, but also a number of problems that need to be resolved. Such problems include the personal jurisdiction of criminal cases by jury. The article reveals the legal positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation regarding the right of minors to trial a criminal case in a jury. The approaches to solving this issue that have developed in the judicial practice of individual foreign states are analyzed, the main directions for further scientific discussion regarding the right of minors to a jury trial are outlined. The purpose of the article is to disclose various approaches to the administration of criminal justice in the relations of minors with the participation of lay judges. The theoretical basis of the study was Russian and foreign scientific works in the field of criminal procedure law, devoted both to the consideration of criminal cases with the jury, and the specifics of juvenile criminal proceedings. Using the comparative legal research method has allowed to reveal various approaches to the access of minors to jury trials in individual states. In Russian legislation and judicial practice the question of the right of minors to have a criminal case against them considered by a jury remains unresolved. The position of the Constitutional Court of Russia regarding the jurisdiction of such criminal cases is also controversial. The experience of foreign countries indicates that there is no universal way to ensure the right of a minor to a proper court. This issue is decided depending on the type of criminal process, the presence or absence of specialized juvenile courts. Any direct borrowing in this regard cannot be considered effective, but a generalization of foreign experience can create the necessary basis for optimizing both the work of the jury and criminal proceedings against minors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Vasyl Topchiy ◽  
Maksym Zabarniy ◽  
Nataliya Lugina

A cooperation between states in criminal cases is carried out in order to achieve the goals of justice and may exist at the stage of pre-trial investigation, trial, as well as after the entry into force of a court decision (sentence, ruling). Forms of international cooperation in the investigation of criminal cases are quite diverse. The main ones are: providing legal assistance, which consists in carrying out procedural actions, because during the investigation and trial of criminal cases there is often a need to gather evidence abroad by questioning defendants, victims, witnesses, experts, conducting searches, examinations, court inspections, seizure and transfer of items, delivery, and forwarding of documents, etc.; extradition of persons for criminal prosecution or for the execution of a court sentence; arrest, search and confiscation of proceeds of crime (states undertake to cooperate in the investigation of money laundering; assist in the investigation and take appropriate measures: to freeze bank accounts, seize property to prevent its concealment; confiscate proceeds of crime or property, value of which corresponds to the value of income, etc.). The normative basis for the international cooperation in the investigation of criminal cases is the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters dated April 20, 1959; the Criminal procedural code of Ukraine; Methodical recommendations of the General Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine; Order No. 223 “On the organization of the work of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine in the field of international legal cooperation” dated September 18, 2015. The legal basis for international cooperation in criminal matters is the current bilateral and multilateral international treaties of Ukraine, the binding nature of which has been approved by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Among the multilateral international agreements, there should be noted the European conventions on criminal justice: the European Convention on the Extradition with two additional protocols to it, the European Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters with an additional protocol to it, the European Convention on the Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters, The Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons with an additional protocol, The European Convention on the Supervision of Conditionally Sentenced or Conditionally Released Offenders, the Convention on Laundering, Search, Seizure, and Confiscation of the Proceeds from Crime and the European Convention on the International Validity of Criminal Judgements. In addition, the Commonwealth of Independent States has the 1993 Convention on Legal Assistance and Legal Relations in Civil, Family and Criminal Matters and its 1997 Protocol; within the framework of the United Nations, there is the Convention on Transnational Crime of 2000, together with two Protocols thereto. These multilateral international agreements establish a uniform sphere of cooperation between law enforcement and judicial authorities in relation to all European countries. Today, the most effective is the method of “SWOT-analysis”, which is currently recognized in the scientific community as one of the most popular tools in strategic planning of social processes, including in the investigation of criminal cases. Although the type of analysis is still considered by most scientists as Bohomolova Ye., (2004) a method of marketing research of enterprises in the market in the context of business practice, the object of “SWOT-analysis” can be as legislation, the practice of its application and prospects of their improvement, and materials of criminal cases. Methodology. Achieving the purpose of this publication is ensured by the use of cognitive philosophical, general scientific and special methods, among which the main are analysis and synthesis, comparative law method, which allow to identify prospects for the use in criminal cases of the method of “SWOT-analysis”, which is currently recognized in the scientific community as one of the most popular tools in strategic planning of social processes. Methods of grammatical review and interpretation of legal norms have helped to identify gaps in the legislation governing the investigation of criminal cases, in particular in the field of economics, and to develop proposals for its improvement. Practical importance. International cooperation in criminal proceedings is an organizationally complex process, which requires the use of effective and efficient methods to perform the tasks of criminal proceedings, respect for the rights and freedoms of all participants in the process, including not violating a reasonable time in the investigation. To date, science has developed many methods of analyzing the law, the practice of their application, and identifying ways to improve legislation, taking into account the results of forecasting the prospects for society and the state. To ensure a high level of quality of criminal investigations in the framework of international cooperation, it is necessary to choose the one that will give the most effective results and allow to formulate the most optimal proposals in a particular criminal case and the practice of their application. An attempt to solve this problem is presented in this study.


Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 117-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. I. Sheremetev

The paper deals with topical issues related to the use of digital technologies in criminal proceedings. The author presents the directions of digitization of the court and the principles of using artificial intelligence, formulated by the bodies of the Council of Europe. The stages of the emergence of individual digital technologies first in the work of arbitration courts, and later — courts of general jurisdiction are shown. Existing and promising digital technologies are considered as the criminal case moves, after its submission in court from the Prosecutor. Considerable attention is given to the order of formation of the court for the consideration of a particular criminal case. The author analyzes the difficulties encountered in the use of an automated information system in this matter, and proposes ways to resolve them. The author considers it necessary to use e-mail to call victims, witnesses and other participants in the proceedings, for which he proposes to make appropriate changes to the current procedural legislation. The article reveals the current procedure and prospects for the use of video conferencing systems, audio and video recording of the trial in the criminal process. The author reports on the experimental development of speech recognition programs for participants in the trial. Special attention is given to the achievements in the implementation of digital technologies in the Moscow courts, implemented in the course of the international project «Support for judicial reform». In this regard, the author describes the creation of electronic copies of traditional «paper» cases in the courts of Moscow, making the proceedings more open.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
V. A. Lazareva

Due to the emergence of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), measures aimed at limiting its spread have made it impossible to administer justice in compliance with its democratic principles, implying the possibility of personal participation of all interested parties in court procedures to effectively defend their interests. In this regard, on April 8, 2020, the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation adopted a decree recommending that the courts, among other measures, intensify the work of Internet receptions, ensure the reception, processing and registration of documents submitted to the courts in electronic form, including in the form of an electronic document, consider cases and materials of urgent nature in court hearings using the video-conferencing system and (or) the web-conference system. Despite the fact that in accordance with the program for the development of the Russian judicial system, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2012 № 1406, the modernization of the work of courts based on digital technologies has already begun in the country, their development in criminal proceedings lags behind other methods of administering justice. Given this circumstance, as well as the actual absence in the criminal process of electronic document management and legal regulation of the grounds and procedure for conducting a trial in the mode of a web conference, the article attempts to determine the limits of the possibilities of using new technologies in criminal proceedings, to substantiate the conclusion that that the use of digital technology in criminal proceedings is not only possible, but necessary, as well as to determine the direction of development of criminal proceedings in this direction.


Author(s):  
Roman Pozdyshev

The article analyzes the problems associated with the production of investigative actions against special subjects of criminal proceedings. Legal norms, as well as law enforcement acts regulating the studied social relations are considered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
E. V. Smakhtin

The article deals with the peculiarities of the activity of courts in making judicial decisions in the context of a pandemic. First of all, we are talking about the wider use of digital and information technologies in criminal proceedings, which have previously been repeatedly recommended by forensic science for implementation in judicial practice. Some recommendations of criminalistics are currently accepted by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in its Decision dated April 08, 2020 № 821 and Review on certain issues of judicial practice related to the application of legislation and measures to counteract the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the territory of the Russian Federation № 2, which provided appropriate explanations for their use in practice. In particular, we are talking about the possibility of using video conferencing systems for certain categories of criminal cases and materials that are considered urgent, although this is not provided for in criminal procedure legislation. It is concluded that it is necessary to change the current criminal procedure legislation, bring it into line with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and subordinate regulatory legal acts, including orders of the Judicial Department under the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.


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