scholarly journals Development of land transport connections between Asia and Europe and their possible impact on vector introductions into European Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 415-422
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
International Health ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Monitoring Zone ◽  
Asiatic Origin ◽  
Trade And Exchange

The possibility of transfer of several organisms – disease vectors by land transportation Asia – Europe corridors into European countries is discussed. In Europe most alien species are of Asiatic origin. Trade and exchange of goods have developed very intensively for the beginning of the XXI century between Asia and European Union countries both by sea and land routes. Road and railway connections shorten the time of goods’ transport from China to Europe to 10,5 – 12 days. Shorter travel time and increased intensity of trade can increase the risk of introducing vector organisms from Asian countries to Europe. Existing legal international regulations (International Health Regulations, IHR) provide procedures to protect goods and persons against the carriage of organisms – vectors at every stage of transport and travel. Mass passenger and car traffic at border crossing points increase the likelihood of vector organisms entering as random stowaways; therefore it is proposed to intensify educational activities to make people aware of the danger posed by the transport of alien species of arthropods and what preventive actions to take. Unloading goods in a transit country (such as Poland) may take place at a transshipment center located near the border or inland. It is postulated to introduce a 400 m vector monitoring zone around both.

Typical foodstuffs in tourist supply of Istria

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Olivera Koprivnjak ◽  
Aldo Milotić ◽  
Đordano Peršurić
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Research Results ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
West European

The tourist supply of every country longs for peculiar quality and identifiability. The typical foodstuffs are one of the climate, cultural inheritance and traditions of a country. In this paper, the authors first explain the definitions and procedures designed by international regulations concerning typical foodstuffs with controlled denomination of origin. The authors have investigated the interests and the opinions of tourists and subjects in trade and catering, about typical foodstuffs from Istria. By comparing the regulations, it was concluded that Croatian regulations do not follow the trends in West-European countries. The research results show that foreign tourists are very interested in typical istrian foodstuffs. However, their interest is lessened because those products are relatively expensive and have no guaranty of quality and origin.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSPORT FLOWS SERVICE TIME OF THE VEIDCLES AND THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IDETERMINANCY OF EXTERNAL IMPACT

Transport ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 198-201
Author(s):  
Aldona Jarašūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Theoretical Estimation ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
International Transport ◽  
External Impact

To increase the attraction of Lithuania as a transit country striving to promote carriers' border crossing activities and facilitate customs clearance procedures as well as freight delivery to clients it is necessary to identify the main obstacles, to analyse them and to select adequate measures and means for their elimination. Therefore, on the basis of the analysis of the transport flows service time, as well as basing on the assessment of indeterminacy of external impacts, it would be possible to deduce the main causes of idle time of transport means at customs, to estimate the dependence of service time in proportion to transport flows. Basing on theoretical estimation in this article the estimation of service time of international transport and the management of transport flows are described.

scholarly journals Precautionary behaviours of individuals with multimorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Delerue Matos ◽  
Andreia Fonseca de Paiva ◽  
Cláudia Cunha ◽  
Gina Voss
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Protective Behaviours

AbstractStudies show that older individuals with multimorbidity are more susceptible to develop a more severe case of COVID-19 when infected by the virus. These individuals are more likely to be admitted to Intensive Care Units and to die from COVID-19-related conditions than younger individuals or those without multimorbidity. This research aimed to assess whether there are differences in terms of precautionary behaviours between individuals aged 50 + with multimorbidity and their counterparts without multimorbidity residing in 25 European countries plus Israel. We used data from the SHARE-COVID19 questionnaire on the socio-demographic and economic characteristics, multimorbidity, and precautionary behaviours of individuals. SHARE wave 8 and 7 databases were also used to fully identify individuals with multimorbidity. Our results showed that individuals with multimorbidity were more likely to exhibit precautionary behaviours than their counterparts without multimorbidity when gender, age, education, financial distress and countries were included as controls. Additionally, we found that women, more educated individuals and those experiencing more financial distress adopt more protective behaviours than their counterparts. Our results also indicate that the prevalence of precautionary behaviours is higher in Spain and Italy and lower in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. To guarantee the adoption of preventive actions against COVID-19, public health messaging and actions must continue to be disseminated among middle and older aged persons with multimorbidity, and more awareness campaigns should be targeted at men and less educated individuals but also at persons experiencing less financial distress, particularly in countries where people engaged in fewer precautionary behaviours.

Children of migration: Hopes and tensions over border-crossing in Moldova

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Catherine Douillet
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
High Migration

Moldova is one of the smallest and poorest European countries, with one of the highest migration rates in the world. While actual migration figures are difficult to obtain, due to the fluctuating and often illegal nature of Moldovan migration, it is an ever-present fact of life in Moldova with about, according to some estimates, a third of the adult population working abroad, often ‘leaving behind’ children in the care of relatives, neighbours or in orphanages. This paper investigates how such high migration rates affect Moldovan family life and personal definitions of identity and success. It highlights the personal quests of the young Moldovan population, particularly college students, and pays particular attention to the young adults who are children of migration themselves, with many of them having grown up with one or both parents working abroad during part or all of their childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Filling the gaps in the distribution of an alien species: The case of the feather-legged fly Trichopoda pennipes (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Western Palearctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Christos Kazilas ◽  
Jakovos Demetriou ◽  
Konstantinos Kalaentzis
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
New Records ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Ecological Implications

The feather-legged fly, Trichopoda pennipes (Fabricius, 1781), is a parasitoid species introduced in several European countries over the last decades. This study provides new records for the presence of the tachinid in Mediterranean and Black Sea coastal areas. Four individuals were observed by the authors in Greece and Cyprus (2015-2019) and 11 additional records of the fly in Albania, Cyprus, Greece, Russia, and Turkey (2011-2019) were obtained from citizen science platforms. We provide the first records of the species on the aforementioned countries, contributing in the expansion of the current distribution range of the species. Current and future hypothetical expansion scenarios, as well as potential ecological implications are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Public preferences for vaccination programmes during pandemics caused by pathogens transmitted through respiratory droplets – a discrete choice experiment in four European countries, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domino Determann ◽  
Ida J Korfage ◽  
Angela Fagerlin ◽  
Ewout W Steyerberg ◽  
Michiel C Bliemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
International Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

This study aims to quantify and compare preferences of citizens from different European countries for vaccination programme characteristics during pandemics, caused by pathogens which are transmitted through respiratory droplets. Internet panel members, nationally representative based on age, sex, educational level and region, of four European Union Member States (Netherlands, Poland, Spain, and Sweden, n = 2,068) completed an online discrete choice experiment. These countries, from different geographical areas of Europe, were chosen because of the availability of high-quality Internet panels and because of the cooperation between members of the project entitled Effective Communication in Outbreak Management: development of an evidence-based tool for Europe (ECOM). Data were analysed using panel latent class regression models. In the case of a severe pandemic scenario, vaccine effectiveness was the most important characteristic determining vaccination preference in all countries, followed by the body that advises on vaccination. In Sweden, the advice of family and/or friends and the advice of physicians strongly affected vaccine preferences, in contrast to Poland and Spain, where the advice of (international) health authorities was more decisive. Irrespective of pandemic scenario or vaccination programme characteristics, the predicted vaccination uptakes were lowest in Sweden, and highest in Poland. To increase vaccination uptake during future pandemics, the responsible authorities should align with other important stakeholders in the country and communicate in a coordinated manner.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OF OPTIMAL INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT OBJECTIVE

Transport ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Aldona Jarašūnienė
Keyword(s):  
Service Time ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Idle Time ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Transport Flow ◽  
Freight Management

To increase the attraction of Lithuania as a transit country striving to promote carriers' border crossing activities and facilitate customs clearance procedures as well as freight delivery to clients it is necessary to identity the main obstacles, to analyse them and to select adequate measures and means for their elimination. Therefore, on the basis of the formulation of transport freight management objective, as well as basing on the assessment of indeterminacy of external impacts, it would be possible to deduce the main causes of idle time of transport means in customs, to estimate the dependence of service time in proportion to transport flow.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of payment systems in Ukraine: current situation and the prospects for development

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 446-461
Author(s):  
Protsenko Taras ◽  
Yevhen Sobol ◽  
Pylyp Yerpyntsev ◽  
Viktor Koshchynets ◽  
Anna-Maria Anheleniuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
National Bank ◽  
European Regulations

The purpose of the article is to consider the main international regulations on the introduction and operation of payment systems in Europe, as well as national legislation providing for the development of payment systems in Ukraine. The research methodology includes the following general and special legal methods: axiological, historical and legal, formal and logical, comparative and legal, as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, summarization. Results of the research. The main international regulations on the formation and functioning of payment systems in the European countries, which became the basis for the development of relevant legislation of Ukraine in this area, are analyzed. The legal acts that currently regulate this issue in our country are considered, as well as Draft Laws aimed at resolving existing problematic issues in the payment systems market are examined. Practical meaning. The positive dynamics of the development of the Ukrainian payment legislation in accordance with the needs of the market and changes in the payment habits of the population are established. Value / originality. Emphasis is placed on the need for the further measures by the National Bank of Ukraine in order to harmonize national legislation with the European regulations in this area.

scholarly journals REALISME DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENOLAKAN PENGUNGSI DAN MIGRAN OLEH HUNGARIA TAHUN 2015-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-64
Author(s):  
Angga Nurdin Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Middle Range

Refugees and migrants became a big problem in Europe after World War II, this time refugees came from Middle East cause of recent conflict in the region. Hungary, geographically is the country became a gateway for refugees and migrants coming from the Middle East to go to Western and Northern European countries. Hungary has become a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol which has the mandate to carry out the protection and fulfillment of the rights of refugees who come to their territory, especially in this case Hungary is serve as a transit country. However, the facts that occur are Hungary's refusal of the presence of refugees by issuing a series of policies that are considered controversial and inviting criticism from the European Union and other European countries. Referring to the reality, this study attempt to explain the reasons behind Hungary's rejection of refugees and migrants from the Middle East by the realism perspective. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach where data were collected through interviews and literature studies. This research found that policies issued by Hungary are based on national interests which are the basis of consideration used by a country in making policies according to the view of realism. The national interest is related to the interests of core values, middle range objectives and long range goals that want to be maintained or protected when faced with the arrival of refugees and migrants to Hungary.

scholarly journals Economic costs of invasive alien species across Europe

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 153-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock ◽  
Anna J. Turbelin ◽  
Ross N. Cuthbert ◽  
Ana Novoa ◽  
Nigel G. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Uk

Biological invasions continue to threaten the stability of ecosystems and societies that are dependent on their services. Whilst the ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) have been widely reported in recent decades, there remains a paucity of information concerning their economic impacts. Europe has strong trade and transport links with the rest of the world, facilitating hundreds of IAS incursions, and largely centralised decision-making frameworks. The present study is the first comprehensive and detailed effort that quantifies the costs of IAS collectively across European countries and examines temporal trends in these data. In addition, the distributions of costs across countries, socioeconomic sectors and taxonomic groups are examined, as are socio-economic correlates of management and damage costs. Total costs of IAS in Europe summed to US$140.20 billion (or €116.61 billion) between 1960 and 2020, with the majority (60%) being damage-related and impacting multiple sectors. Costs were also geographically widespread but dominated by impacts in large western and central European countries, i.e. the UK, Spain, France, and Germany. Human population size, land area, GDP, and tourism were significant predictors of invasion costs, with management costs additionally predicted by numbers of introduced species, research effort and trade. Temporally, invasion costs have increased exponentially through time, with up to US$23.58 billion (€19.64 billion) in 2013, and US$139.56 billion (€116.24 billion) in impacts extrapolated in 2020. Importantly, although these costs are substantial, there remain knowledge gaps on several geographic and taxonomic scales, indicating that these costs are severely underestimated. We, thus, urge increased and improved cost reporting for economic impacts of IAS and coordinated international action to prevent further spread and mitigate impacts of IAS populations.

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