scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES TO WHITE MOLD IN DISTINCT AGROECOSYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Gabriela Carolina Guimarães Andrade ◽  
Renato Carrer Filho ◽  
Marcos Gomes da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is one of the most important fungal diseases that affect soybean, primarily due to the production of resistant structures called sclerotia. The disease is difficult to control, and sources of genetic resistance are poorly understood. As such, the present study aimed to assess the resistance of soybean genotypes to white mold in two agroecosystems in the Brazil (Barreiras-BA, and Jataí-GO) and analyze the relationship between the disease incidence and the phenotypic characteristics of the genotypes, as well as determine the lodging index, crop cycle and yield. A total of 165 and 33 genotypes were assessed in the regions of Barreiras and Jataí, respectively. To verify the effect of the area, 37 genotypes were planted in both regions. The area effect was assessed for the study variables, and the correlation was significant between the disease and lodging, cycle and production. Considering resistance, area and yield, genotypes ANTA82, 2011L003, 2011L005 exhibited the highest yield and resistance to white mold.

Numbers and distribution of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boland ◽  
R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
White Bean

Relationships between the distribution and numbers of apothecia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and the distribution and incidence of white mold of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated in a field plot at Arkell, Ont., in 1981 and 1982. The spatial distributions of both apothecia and disease were aggregated and were most consistently described by the negative binomial distribution, although the Poisson, Poisson binomial and logarithmic with zeros distributions were also significant for some sampling dates. Numbers of apothecia were correlated with disease incidence within areas 1.4 (r = 0.07–0.67), 36 (r = 0.11–0.72), and 108 m2 (r = 0.21–0.95). The quantitative relationships between apothecia within a field of beans and the incidence of white mold may be useful in predicting the disease.

Response of bush and upright plant type selections to white mold and seed yield of common beans grown in various row widths in southern Ontario

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Park
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Dry Edible Bean ◽  
Canopy Type

White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is an important disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas. It reduces seed yield and lowers the quality of beans. Development of the disease is thought to be affected by plant canopy type (architecture), and by genetic resistance. This study determined the effect of plant type and row width on white mold and seed yield. Three short bush/vine and four semi-determinate upright genotypes were tested in narrow (30 cm) and wide (60 and 80 cm) rows for 2 yr in a field prone to white mold development. Incidence and disease index increased as row width became narrower. The upright type was infected less than the short bush type. Ex Rico 23, which is a short vine, open canopy type, was moderately resistant to the mold. A tall upright selection, A55, showed the lowest mold infection; it was significantly less than that of Ex Rico 23. Seed yield of all genotypes increased as row width decreased even though there was an increase in white mold incidence. Stiff-strawed upright types had less lodging. To reduce white mold, cultivars should have lodging resistance, narrow canopied upright plant type and genetic resistance. Development of the upright plant types allows for narrow-row production and direct combining. Key words: Dry edible bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, white mold, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, plant type, row width, seed yield

scholarly journals Quantification and conceptual validation of the inoculum potential of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueny Kelly Santos de França ◽  
Carolina da Silva Siqueira ◽  
Marina de Resende Faria Guimarães ◽  
José da Cruz Machado
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold, is widespread throughout the world. The disease is considered to be one of the major diseases of soybean and bean crops in Brazil. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum is spread by soybean and bean seeds both in the form of sclerotia and dormant mycelium inside the seeds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between different potentials of S. sclerotiorum in soybean and bean seeds and the performance of these seeds, as well as to verify the localization and quantification of the inoculum of the pathogen in the seeds inoculated by Real-time PCR (qPCR), validating the term inoculum potential. Soybean and bean seeds were inoculated with the fungus by the osmotic conditioning method based on the exposure of the seeds to the fungus for periods of 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Molecular analysis was carried out by means of qPCR in whole seeds and dissected in the integument, cotyledon and embryonic axis. The results showed that the effects of S. sclerotiorum on seed germination and vigor were progressive and proportional to the increases in inoculum potentials, since there was more severe damage to the seeds and consequently to the emerged plants at the highest potential (P96). The inoculum of the pathogen was found in all parts of the evaluated seeds, even at its lowest inoculum potential (P24), with an increasing DNA concentration, and the integument obtained a greater amount of DNA than the embryo, in comparison.

TOLERANCE TO WHITE MOLD (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary) IN EX RICO 23, A CULTIVAR OF WHITE BEAN(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. TU ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Small Plot

Ex Rico 23, a cultivar of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) introduced into Canada from Columbia, showed tolerance to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in an Ontario White Bean Variety Test at a site having severe white mold infection in 1978. Other entries, including the recommended cultivars, Fleetwood, Kentwood and Seafarer, suffered severe white mold infection and yield loss. The tolerant characteristic of Ex Rico 23 was confirmed experimentally in 1980 in both small-plot and large-scale plantings. In a field with severe white mold infection in Fleetwood, Ex Rico 23 had consistently lower disease incidence and a slower rate of disease spread. The yield loss in 1980 for Ex Rico 23 was minimal, but for Fleetwood was approximately 25 and 50% in a small-plot and a large-scale planting, respectively. The application of benomyl for disease control did not significantly increase the yield of dry beans.

Differences in the reaction of sunflower hybrids to sclerotinia wilt

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
W. Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Healthy Control

Commercial sunflower hybrids were evaluated from 1988 to 1990 for their reaction to sclerotinia wilt in naturally infested fields in southern Manitoba. Significant differences in disease incidence were recorded between sunflower hybrids which ranged from 8 to 33%, with some hybrids consistently showing < 10% infected plants. The disease incidence was consistently low in some hybrids indicating genetic resistance to sclerotinia. The effects of sclerotinia wilt on yield, kernel density, kernel weight and oil content of 16 selected sunflower hybrids were also assessed for 3 yr. The yield was reduced drastically in diseased plots, especially in 1988 and 1990, and ranged from 16 to 43% of the healthy control plots. The low reduction in yield, in some hybrids, under natural disease infestation indicated that these hybrids were tolerant to the disease. Sclerotinia wilt significantly reduced the kernel density by 2–14% in different hybrids. Kernel weight was generally increased by up to 18% in diseased plots. Oil content was reduced by 4–9% in the sclerotinia-infected plots but differences were nonsignificant between hybrids.Key words: Helianthus annuus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotinia wilt, yield, kernel weight, kernel density, oil content

scholarly journals Response of lentil cultivars to Sclerotinia white mold and Botrytis grey mould infection under irrigated and dryland conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Kader ◽  
Scott Erickson ◽  
Robyne Bowness ◽  
Mark A Olson ◽  
Syama Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Grey Mold ◽  
Disease Pressure

Diseases such as Sclerotinia white mold (SWM) caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary and Botrytis grey mold (BGM) caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. may be limiting factors for lentil production in wetter areas of Alberta, Canada. Field trials were conducted at the Lethbridge Research and Development Centre from 2013-2015 to evaluate the response of lentil cultivars to SWM and BGM and yield impacts. Ten lentil cultivars from five market classes were evaluated under irrigated and dry land plots with two planting densities (120 plants m-2 and 160 plants m-2).Year and irrigation had the largest effect on disease incidence, with highest SWM incidence occurring under irrigation in 2013, followed by 2014 and 2015. Conversely, BGM incidence under irrigation was highest in 2015 and lowest in 2013, but levels were lower than SWM. Significantly (P <0.05) lower disease incidences were observed in dryland plots, which also produced higher yield than irrigated plots. Cultivars varied significantly in SWM incidence and yield under irrigated and dryland conditions, perhaps due to variable disease pressure, but there was no consistent trend in cultivar performance. BGM incidence was similar in cultivars, but differed among years. These findings indicate that SWM may be a limiting factor to lentil production in wetter areas, as the ten cultivars from five market classes tested were all highly susceptible to SWM.

scholarly journals First Report of White Mold Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Iberis sempervirens in Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-464
Author(s):  
A. Garibaldi ◽  
A. Minuto ◽  
M. L. Gullino
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
White Mold ◽  
First Report ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Inoculation Trial ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
The Moment

Iberis sempervirens (candytuft) is an ornamental plant that thrives in cool conditions, and its growth as a potted plant has been increasing in Liguria (northern Italy). In the spring of 2004, extensive chlorosis was observed on 10-month-old potted plants of I. sempervirens grown in a plastichouse on a commercial farm near Albenga in northern Italy. Initial symptoms included stem necrosis at the soil level and darkening of leaves. As stem and foliar necrosis progressed, infected plants wilted and died. Wilt occurred within a few days on young plants, characterized by the presence of soft, watery tissues, particularly on affected leaves. Symptomatic plants were found on many farms, with an average disease incidence of 5 to 10%. Necrotic tissues became covered with a whitish mycelium that produced dark sclerotia. The diseased stem tissue was surface sterilized for 1 min in 1% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 ppm of streptomycin sulfate. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary (1) was consistently recovered from infected stem pieces. Sclerotia observed on infected plants measured 1.4 to 3.2 × 2.1 to 4.1 mm (average 2.1 to 2.7 mm). Sclerotia produced on PDA measured 1.2 to 4.2 × 1.4 to 6.1 mm (average 2.5 to 3.1 mm). Pathogenicity of three isolates obtained from infected plants and used in a mixture was confirmed by inoculating 10 single-potted 120-day-old plants grown in 18-cm diameter pots maintained outside under shade. Inoculum that consisted of 1 cm2 of mycelium excised from a 10-day-old PDA culture plate of each isolate was placed on the soil surface around the base of each plant. Ten noninoculated plants served as control. The inoculation trial was repeated once. All plants were kept at temperatures ranging between 8 and 17°C (average 12.5°C) and watered as needed. All inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf yellowing within 18 days, soon followed by the appearance of white mycelium and sclerotia, and then eventual wilt. Control plants remained symptomless. S. sclerotiorum was reisolated from the stems of inoculated plants. S. sclerotiorum has been previously reported only on I. umbellata (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of white mold on I. sempervirens in Italy as well as worldwide. The economic importance of this disease can be considered low at the moment in the case of field-grown plants. References: (1) N. F. Buchwald. Den. Kgl. Veterin.er-og Landbohojskoles Aarsskrift 75, 1949. (2) J. M. Waterston. Report of the Plant Pathologist, 1946. Dep. Agric. Bermuda, 1947.

A Trojan horse approach for white mold biocontrol: Paraconiothyrium endophytes promotes grass growth and inhibits Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2021 ◽  
pp. 104685
Author(s):  
Natálie Martins Alves ◽  
Rafaela Araújo Guimarães ◽  
Sarah Silva Costa Guimarães ◽  
Amanda Frausino Faria ◽  
Ítalo Augusto Férrer Melo Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Grass Growth

scholarly journals Using Higher-Order Constructs to Estimate Health-Disease Status: The Effect of Health System Performance and Sustainability

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Alicia Ramírez-Orellana ◽  
María del Carmen Valls Martínez ◽  
Mayra Soledad Grasso
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Social Services ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Health System Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to provide information to public agencies and policymakers on the determinants of health systems and their relationships that influence citizens’ health–disease status. A total of 61 indicators for each of 17 Spanish autonomous communities were collected from the Spanish Ministry of Health, Social Services, and Equality between 2008 and 2017. The applied technique was partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Concerning health–disease status, an influence of sustainability and performance on the health system was hypothesized. The findings revealed that health system sustainability had a negative effect on health–disease status, measured in terms of disease incidence. However, the relationship between health system performance and health–disease status is positive. Furthermore, health system performance mediates the relationship between sustainability and health–disease status. According to our study, if we consider the opposite poles that make up the definition of health–disease status (well-being and disease), this concept is defined more by the incidence of the negative aspect.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document