Differences in the reaction of sunflower hybrids to sclerotinia wilt

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
W. Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Healthy Control

Commercial sunflower hybrids were evaluated from 1988 to 1990 for their reaction to sclerotinia wilt in naturally infested fields in southern Manitoba. Significant differences in disease incidence were recorded between sunflower hybrids which ranged from 8 to 33%, with some hybrids consistently showing < 10% infected plants. The disease incidence was consistently low in some hybrids indicating genetic resistance to sclerotinia. The effects of sclerotinia wilt on yield, kernel density, kernel weight and oil content of 16 selected sunflower hybrids were also assessed for 3 yr. The yield was reduced drastically in diseased plots, especially in 1988 and 1990, and ranged from 16 to 43% of the healthy control plots. The low reduction in yield, in some hybrids, under natural disease infestation indicated that these hybrids were tolerant to the disease. Sclerotinia wilt significantly reduced the kernel density by 2–14% in different hybrids. Kernel weight was generally increased by up to 18% in diseased plots. Oil content was reduced by 4–9% in the sclerotinia-infected plots but differences were nonsignificant between hybrids.Key words: Helianthus annuus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotinia wilt, yield, kernel weight, kernel density, oil content

scholarly journals Effect of sunflower head rot [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] on impurities in harvested product, and oil content and acidity.

1969 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Agüero ◽  
Víctor R. Pereyra ◽  
Alberto R. Escande
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Head Rot

The effect of sunflower head rot on impurities in the harvested product (HP), oil content (OC) and oil acidity (OA) was studied. Levels of 0,10, 20, 30, 40, 50,80 and 100% of disease incidence (Dl) were analyzed. The HP was either weighed and left untouched or it was divided into three fractions: seeds, sclerotia and other impurities. For OC and OA measurement, we analyzed samples from each Dl level composed of seeds (S), seeds and scleratia (S+Sci), seeds and other impurities (S+Ol), and untouched original samples (S+Sct+Ol). Disease incidence significantly affected the composition of the harvested product. At greater Dl levels, seed percentage went down and impurities rose. Sclerotia were the most abundant impurities. With 100% Dl, seed represented 65% and sclerotia 25% of the HP. At greater Dl ievels, OC went down and OA rose. Content of seeds in the HP defined OC. Sclerotia content was the main reason for the increase in OA. At 100% Dl, S+Scl samples yielded 31% Jess OC and 53% more OA than the S samples. Key words: sunflower, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, oil content, oil acidity

scholarly journals RESISTANCE OF SOYBEAN GENOTYPES TO WHITE MOLD IN DISTINCT AGROECOSYSTEMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Gabriela Carolina Guimarães Andrade ◽  
Renato Carrer Filho ◽  
Marcos Gomes da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Area Effect ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Relationship

White mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is one of the most important fungal diseases that affect soybean, primarily due to the production of resistant structures called sclerotia. The disease is difficult to control, and sources of genetic resistance are poorly understood. As such, the present study aimed to assess the resistance of soybean genotypes to white mold in two agroecosystems in the Brazil (Barreiras-BA, and Jataí-GO) and analyze the relationship between the disease incidence and the phenotypic characteristics of the genotypes, as well as determine the lodging index, crop cycle and yield. A total of 165 and 33 genotypes were assessed in the regions of Barreiras and Jataí, respectively. To verify the effect of the area, 37 genotypes were planted in both regions. The area effect was assessed for the study variables, and the correlation was significant between the disease and lodging, cycle and production. Considering resistance, area and yield, genotypes ANTA82, 2011L003, 2011L005 exhibited the highest yield and resistance to white mold.

scholarly journals Yield and Seed Quality of Soybean Cultivars Infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 826-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hoffman ◽  
G. L. Hartman ◽  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
R. A. Leitz ◽  
C. D. Nickell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Central Illinois

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most important diseases of soybean in the United States. Five maturity group III cultivars, Asgrow A3304 STS (A3304), Pioneer Brand 9342 (P9342), Pioneer Brand 9381 (P9381), Probst, and Yale, grown in fields in east-central Illinois, were used to determine the relationship of SSR incidence to yield, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil content, visual seed quality, and seed germination. In addition, the number of sclerotia in seed samples and the seedborne incidence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were determined. For each cultivar, at least 23 two-row plots, 3 m long, that represented a range of SSR incidence from low to high, were used to count the number of plants with and without SSR stem symptoms and were used to estimate yields and evaluate seed quality. Disease incidence ranged from 2 to 45% for Probst, 0 to 65% for P9381, 0 to 68% for P9342, 1 to 93% for Yale, and 0 to 95% for A3304. Regression of yields on SSR incidences for each cultivar was significant (P < 0.05); for every 10% increase in SSR incidence, yields were reduced by 147, 194, 203, 254, and 263 kg/ha for Probst, A3304, P9342, Yale, and P9381, respectively. Disease incidence was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed germination for all cultivars but Probst, and to oil content and seed weight for P9381 and Yale. Disease incidence was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with seed quality for all cultivars and to the number of sclerotia in harvested seeds for P9342, P9381, and Probst. The seedborne incidence of S. sclerotiorum was 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7% in A3304, P9381, Yale, Probst, and P9342, respectively, and represents a significant potential for further spread of this pathogen and disease.

Developmental morphology and anatomy of the reproductive structures in sunflower (Helianthus annuus): a unified temporal scale

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. Lindström ◽  
L.F. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Developmental Morphology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Growing Conditions

In sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), there has been an intense genetic selection for achenes with agronomic value, such as greater mass, oil content, and disease resistance. However, the information regarding the anatomical events that control their growth and maturation is surprisingly scarce. The aim of the present work was to study sunflower male and female sporogenesis and gametogenesis, as well as cell division and enlargement and tissue differentiation in the ovary and the embryo, linking the timing of these events to two frequently used phenological scales and a thermal time scale. In addition, we propose an ontogenetic scale that integrates the results of the present work to that of previous studies on sunflower reproductive development. The unified scales presented here provide a framework for others to investigate the relationships uncovered in this study in different genetic backgrounds and under different growing conditions.

HETEROSIS, COMBINING ABILITY, AND PREDICTED SYNTHETICS FROM A DIALLEL CROSS IN SUNFLOWERS (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Putt
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Characters ◽  
Mature Weight

Heterosis occurred for the eight plant and seed characters studied. It was most frequent for yield of seed and height of plant. Mean squares for general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) were significant (P =.01) for all characters. The estimated components for gca were greater than for sca for days to mature, weight per bushel, and percent oil in the seed; less for height and yield of seed; and essentially the same for days to bloom, diameter of head, and weight per 1000 seeds.The yield of seed and percent oil in the seed, for the highest ranking 100 synthetics that could be composed from the 10 lines, was predicted in F6 assuming 50 and 60% outcrossing between F2 and F6. Virtually all values exceeded the mean performance of four check samples of commercial hybrids. Many exceeded the highest rank check for oil content in the seed. Fourteen of the highest ranking 100 synthetics for yield and 30 for oil content consisted of two or three lines. It was concluded that synthetics can be superior to the present hybrids in heterosis and that desirable synthetics can be made from only a few lines.

scholarly journals DESEMPENHO DE CULTIVARES DE GIRASSOL EM DUAS ÉPOCAS DE PLANTIO DE SAFRINHA NO PLANALTO NORTE CATARINENSE

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Luiz BACKES ◽  
Adriano Martinho de SOUZA ◽  
Alvadi Antonio BALBINOT JUNIOR ◽  
Gilson José Marcinichen GALLOTTI ◽  
Alvimar BAVARESCO
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

O cultivo de girassol (Helianthus annuus) tem se mostrado uma nova opção econômica em diversas regiões do Brasil. O crescimento na área de cultivo se deve ao fomento conseqüente ao Programa Nacional de Biodiesel. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de aquênios e alguns caracteres de importância agronômica em cultivares de girassol semeado em duas épocas de safrinha no Planalto Norte Catarinense. Foram realizados dois experimentos no município de Papanduva/Planalto Norte Catarinense. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram avaliadas 12 cultivares na primeira época de semeadura (janeiro) e 13 na segunda época (fevereiro). Verificaram-se diferenças entre cultivares quanto ao ciclo até a maturação de colheita, que variou de 93 a 107 dias, de acordo com a cultivar e época de semeadura. Na segunda época houve altos índices de acamamento (até 29%) e quebra de plantas (até 42%) em algumas cultivares. Na primeira época 10,8% dos capítulos foram infectados com Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Na segunda época este percentual aumentou para 45%, fator que influenciou a produtividade média obtida, de 1861 e 618 kg ha-1, na primeira e na segunda época, respectivamente.

scholarly journals Screening Brassica Cultivars for Resistance to Western Oregon Clubroot Pathotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-516
Author(s):  
Aaron Heinrich ◽  
Shinji Kawai ◽  
Jim Myers
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Crop Loss ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Brassicaceae Family

Growing resistant cultivars from the Brassicaceae family (brassicas) is an effective strategy to minimize crop loss caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (clubroot). However, there are many clubroot pathotypes, and genetic resistance to clubroot may be pathotype-specific. To determine which pathotypes are present in western Oregon, diseased roots were collected from five farms and identified by the European clubroot differential (ECD) set. To assess resistance to the identified pathotypes, 21 vegetable cultivars from nine crops with purported resistance to clubroot were evaluated for disease incidence and severity in field and greenhouse studies. The crops evaluated included broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), brussels sprouts (B. oleracea var. gemmifera), cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata), napa cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), pak choi (B. rapa var. chinensis), kohlrabi (B. oleracea var. gongylodes), turnip (B. rapa var. rapa), and rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica). ECD host reaction showed similar virulence among clubroot collections, and all field isolates had the same ECD pathotype designation, 16/02/30. Compared with a crop-specific susceptible control, 17 of 21 cultivars had some resistance to clubroot, and of those, 15 were highly resistant (≤15% incidence with low disease severity). This research demonstrated that western Oregon farmers have several commercially available cultivars with resistance to the dominant pathotyope in the region. However, each farmer must evaluate the suitability of these cultivars to meet consumer and industry requirements.

Dwarf sunflower response to row spacing, stand reduction, and defoliation at different growth stages

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

Growth compensation of dwarf sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids to low initial stands, later stand losses, or plant defoliation has not been reported regarding replanting decisions and crop insurance yield loss assessment. Three experiments were conducted to study the affect of stand reduction, defoliation, and row spacing on dwarf sunflower yield and quality when grown in eastern North Dakota. Experiment 1 evaluated stand reduction (0, 25, 50 and 75%) applied at growth stages (V4, R1 and R6) in 15, 45 and 76 cm spaced rows. Row spacing interactions with stand reduction and growth stage were not significant for yield indicating growth stage and stand reduction effects on yield response were independent of row spacing. In exp. 2, significant growth stage (V4, V8, R1, R2, R3, R5 and R6) by stand reduction (0, 12, 25, 37, 50, 62 and 75%) interaction showed stand reduction at vegetative growth stages not influencing yield, but as maturity progressed yield reductions became greater with increased stand reduction. Achene weight increased with increasing stand reduction at vegetative and early reproductive stages. A reciprocal relationship was noted between achene weight and achene oil content where oil content decreased as achene weight increased. Interaction of growth stage (R1 and R6) and defoliation (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in exp. 3 indicated greater reduction in yield, test weight, 1000-achene weight, and achene oil conte nt as defoliatin increased at growth stage R6. Yield compensating ability of dwarf sunflower is dependent on type and level of damage and growth stage of occurrence, with total yield reduction considering all effects. Key words: Sunflower, Helianthus annuus L., row spacing, stand reduction, defoliation

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NON-OILSEED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / DIVERSIDAD GENETICA DE GENOTIPOS NO OLEAGINOSOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL NON-OLÉAGINEUX (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
K. Manjula ◽  
H.L. Nadaf ◽  
K. Giriraj
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Diversité Génétique ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
Seed Characteristics

SUMMARYGenetic diversity was assessed in 46 non-oilseed sunflower genotypes for 14 characters by adopting D2 analysis. Oil content and plant height exhibited maximum contributions towards genetic divergence. The genotypes were grouped into 11 clusters. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 288.17 to 3972.34. The contribution of oil content towards genetic divergence in the 46 genotypes was confirmed when D2 analysis was performed for seed characteristics such as test weight, volume weight, hull content, kernel recovery, oil and protein content.

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