scholarly journals Study of the influence of adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of the genus Chrysanthemum L. during the introduction into the Bashkir Pre-Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
Svetlana Denisova ◽  
Antonina Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity

Abstract. Purpose. Study of the effect of anti-stress adaptogens on the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemum in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals. Methodology and methods. The analysis of indicators of water regime is based on the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov, L. N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev, N. P. Reshetskiy). Plants were processed once, and samples were taken in three terms. Calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13. Results. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime during the treatment with the preparations “Gumi-20” and “Oberig” is analyzed. An assessment of the total water content, water retention capacity, daily moisture loss and water deficit of ten varieties of chrysanthemum bred by the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS (SUBGI UFRC RAS) in the period under study is given. Studies have shown that varieties of chrysanthemum in the Bashkir Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following indicators: total water content ‒ 69.4–86.9 %, water-holding capacity ‒ 25.6–53.8 %, daily moisture loss ‒ 17.2–61.0 %, water deficit ‒ 10.9–13.2 %. The use of anti-stress adaptogens did not have a significant effect on the parameters of the water regime, or their effect was variety-specific. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, inverse relationships were revealed between the indicators of water deficit and the total water content, as well as between the daily water loss and water retention capacity. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the water regime of varieties of chrysanthemum of the SUBGI UFRC RAS selection was studied, the dependences of the water regime indicators were revealed, and the assessment of the expediency of using anti-stress adaptogens for certain varieties in the conditions of the Bashkir Pre-Urals was given.

scholarly journals Indicators of the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the South Ural

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Svetlana Galimullovna Denisova ◽  
Antonina Anatolyevna Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
The South ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is of great importance to determine how favorable the water balance of the studied species is under given environmental conditions. The aim of the research was to study the water regime of some varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Southern Ural. The study was conducted in 20182020 on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were 23 varieties of Chrysanthemum hortorum Bailey. In the course of the research, the total water content, water-holding capacity, the content of mobile moisture, water deficit, and sublethal water deficit were determined. The analysis of water regime indicators is based on the method of artificial wilting (V.N. Tarenkov, L.N. Ivanova) and the method of saturation of plant samples (V.P. Moiseev, N.P. Reshetsky). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T.K. Goryshina, L.I. Samsonova, modified by N.I. Bobrovskaya. The calculations were carried out by standard methods using statistical packages of the Microsoft Excel 2003 and the Agros 2.13 program. The studies made it possible to determine the value of the sublethal water deficit (28,4%) for the varieties of chrysanthemums in the conditions of the Bashkir Ural. It was found that the studied varieties during the growing season did not experience such a moisture deficit in the tissues that could lead to irreversible damage to the assimilating organs. Our experiments showed that chrysanthemum varieties in the Bashkir Cis-Ural under the same soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content 70,090,4% and water-holding capacity 19,0064,6%. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences between water-holding capacity and the content of mobile moisture by varieties, the share of influence was 27,8531,71%. As a result of the correlation-regression analysis, the authors revealed a direct dependence of the indicators of mobile moisture content on the total water content, and an inverse one on the indicators of the content of mobile moisture and water-holding capacity.

scholarly journals Water regime parameters in Chrysanthemum

2020 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
S.G. Denisova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Reut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Water Holding

In introduction studies, it is urgent to determine how favorable the water balance of the species studied is under defined environmental conditions. The research aimed to scrutinize the water regime of Chrysanthemum × hortorum Bailey and select drought-resistant varieties to replenish the range of plants used for floriculture in the Republic of Bashkortostan on grey forest (Haplic Greyzems) loamy soil. The studies were conducted in 2018‒2020. Irrigation frequency – twice a week. After each watering, soil loosening was carried out. One week before sampling for analysis, we stopped watering flowers. Water regime indicators were analyzed according to the method of artificial wilting (V. N. Tarenkov et al. 1990) and methodology of saturation of plant samples (V. P. Moiseev et al. 2009). Sublethal water deficit was determined by the method of T. K. Goryshina et al. 1965 modified by N. I. Bobrovskaya 1971. Observations and analyses were carried out once a month from May to September in the regrowth, budding and flowering phases. The value of the sublethal water deficit was clarified (28.4 %). During the growing season, the varieties did not experience irreversible moisture deficit in the tissues. Chrysanthemum varieties under identical soil-climatic and agrotechnical conditions had the following range of indicators of total water content and water-holding capacity – 70.0‒90.4 % and 19.00‒64.6 %, respectively. It indicates a considerable degree of adaptation. Analysis of variance revealed that varietal differentiation significantly affects the indicators of the water regime; the share of influence varied from 21.17 to 31.72 %. Direct dependence of the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture on the total water content (y = 0.74x – 21.377) was revealed, as well as the inverse one ‒ the indicators of the content of ‘mobile’ moisture and water-holding capacity (y = 0.74x – 21.377). According to the scale developed by Denisova S. G. and Reut A. A. (2020), four highly drought-tolerant varieties ‘Volny Agideli’, ‘Regina’, ‘Sakmara’, ‘Bardo’ were identified.

scholarly journals The study of the water regulation mechanisms in the winter bread wheat varieties under an acute drought

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
V. А. Golubova ◽  
V. L. Gaze
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Study Results

Water regime of plants, characteristic of a certain variety, largely determines the resistance of plants to drought. Drought affects, first of all, such indicators as water absorption capacity, water retention capacity, water deficit and changes in total water content in the process of ontogenesis. Studying and taking into account a number of parameters of water regime can significantly increase the reliability of the assessment of plants for drought resistance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the water regime of the winter bread wheat varieties under an acute drought and to select promising samples for breeding for drought resistance. The objects for the study were 7 winter bread wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out on the experimental plot (zasushnik) of the laboratory for plant physiology under an acute drought of 30% PV in 2017–2019. According to the study results, there have been identified the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Volny Don’, which were characterized by the largest increase in water-absorbing capacity (from 40.0 to 41.1%); by a minimum increase in water deficit (1.3–2.1%); by the smallest decrease (3.2–3.8%) in the total water content in fibers due to adaptability to water stress conditions in spite of increasing drought. There has been recommended to introduce these samples into the breeding process aimed at developing drought-resistant winter bread wheat varieties.

scholarly journals WATER REGIME OF SOME REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS IRIS L. DURING INTRODUCTION IN THE SOUTHERN URALS

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
L. F. Beksheneva ◽  
A. A. Reut
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Local Species

The article presents the results of a study of the parameters of the water regime of irises of the subgenus Xyridion introduced in the Southern Urals (Iris graminea, I. halophila, I. halophila var. sogdiana, I. notha, I. orientalis, I. spuria, I. spuria subsp. carthaliniae, I. spuria subsp. musulmanica) in comparison with local species (I. sibirica, I. pseudacorus, I. pumila). The experiments were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of introduction and selection of flower plants of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were different ecological groups of plants in relation to water ‒ hydrophytes, mesophytes and xeromesophytes. The water deficit of leaves and accompanying characteristics (relative turgescence) were determined by saturation of plant samples according to methodological guidelines; water retention capacity, tissue hydration and the level of daily water loss were determined by artificial wilting. The obtained results characterize the peculiarities of the water regime of irises and indicate significant interspecific differences. It was revealed that the flora of the Republic of Bashkortostan contains plants both with a wide range of variability of water retention capacity (I. pumila) and with a fairly conservative one (I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica). Both strategies are successful in the continental climate of the Southern Urals. Introduced taxa of the subgenus Xyridion also keep to a particular strategy and it can be considered an indicator of successful introduction. It is shown that local species of irises do not form a water deficit in conditions of excessive moisture, while 6 taxa of the subgenus Xyridion have an average level of water deficit. According to the sum of indicators, the studied taxa belong to the groups with medium and high stability of the water regime due to low water deficit, high water retention capacity and hydration. These parameters are found in various combinations and sustain the stability of the water regime of cultivars. The studied physiological indicators can be used to assess the success of introduction in comparison with local control species.

scholarly journals The assessment of drought resistance of Hydrangea paniculata Siebold varieties promising for the introduction in the Bashkir Cis-Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Fanuza Kavievna Murzabulatova ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Total Moisture Content

The paper studies the water regime of panicle hydrangea and 16 varieties of this species introduced into South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of hydrangea varieties resistance to drought and the identification of the most promising taxa suitable for cultivation in the Bashkir Cis-Urals. The study assesses the total moisture content, water retention capacity and the content of mobile moisture in hydrangea leaves for the growing season. It has been found that the total moisture content (water content in the tissues) of panicle hydrangea leaves and its varieties is quite high and ranges from 72 to 82%. Certain varieties (Bobo, Levana, Phantom, PrimWhite, Silver Dollar, Sandy Fraise, Unique) have an ability to increase water retention during flowering. The following varieties are most adapted to dry periods under growing conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Urals: Kyushu, Prim White and Wims Red, the least drought-resistant ones are Tardiva, Sandy Fraise and Praecox; the other 10 varieties are classified as hydrangeas with medium drought resistance. H. paniculata has average values for all parameters of the water regime and their value does not depend on the phenophase.

Effect of Storage Time on the Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Man-tou (Chinese Steamed Bread)

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sha ◽  
Ping Qian ◽  
Li-Jun Wang ◽  
Zhan-hui Lu ◽  
Li-Te Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Steamed Bread

In this study, quality of Man-tou, the Chinese traditional steamed bread during storage was studied. Values for water retention capacity, total water solubles, soluble starch, and soluble amylose and amylopectin of Man-tou decreased with storage time. Results showed that hardness, chewiness and gumminess of Man-tou increased, while, springiness cohesiveness and resilience decreased along with prolonged storage time (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation results showed that all sensory rating of Man-tou, including softness, stickiness, cohesiveness, elasticity, taste and total score, dropped drastically within 24 h of storage time (p<0.05). Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine crystalline structure of amylopectin in Man-tou, and the value for enthalpy of crystallization was found increased with storage time. Amylopectin crystallization was significantly associated to Man-tou firming (p<0.01).

Properties and Management of Allophanic Soils

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. R. Juo ◽  
Kathrin Franzluebbers
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
High Soil

Allophanic soils are dark-colored young soils derived mainly from volcanic ash. These soils typically have a low bulk density (< 0.9 Mg/m3), a high water retention capacity (100% by weight at field capacity), and contain predominantly allophanes, imogolite, halloysite, and amorphous Al silicates in the clay fraction. These soils are found in small, restricted areas with volcanic activity. Worldwide, there are about 120 million ha of allophanic soils, which is about 1% of the Earth's ice-free land surface. In tropical regions, allophanic soils are among the most productive and intensively used agricultural soils. They occur in the Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Caribbean and South Pacific islands, East Africa, Central America, and the Andean rim of South America. Allophanic soils are primarily Andisols and andic Inceptisols, Entisols, Mollisols, and Alfisols according to the Soil Taxonomy classification. Allophanic soils generally have a dark-colored surface soil, slippery or greasy consistency, a predominantly crumb and granular structure, and a low bulk density ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 Mg/m3. Although allophanic soils are apparently well-drained, they still have a very high water content many days after rain. When the soil is pressed between fingers, it gives a plastic, greasy, but non-sticky sensation of a silty or loamy texture. When dry, the soil loses its greasiness and becomes friable and powdery. The low bulk density of allophanic soils is closely related to the high soil porosity. For example, moderately weathered allophanic soils typically have a total porosity of 78%, with macro-, meso-, and micropores occupying 13%, 33%, and 32%, respectively. Water retained in the mesopores is readily available for plant uptake. Water retained in the micropores is held strongly by soil particles and is not readily available for plant use. The macropores provide soil aeration and facilitate water infiltration. The high water retention capacity is also associated with the high soil porosity. In allophanic soils formed under a humid climate, especially those containing large amounts of allophane, the moisture content at field capacity can be as high as 300%, calculated on a weight basis. Such extremely high values of water content seem misleading.

scholarly journals Estimation of the degree of stability of grape varieties in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Елена Полухина ◽  
Elena Polukhina ◽  
М. Власенко ◽  
M. Vlasenko ◽  
Николай Петров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Total Water Content ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
High Degree

Abstract. Scientific novelty and practical significance. Due to the presence of a strong root system, the grapes are a rather drought-resistant crop, but the lack of soil and air moisture adversely affects the growth and development of the plant, which ultimately significantly reduces the yield. In the soil and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region, characterized by a high degree of aridity, as well as the presence of light chestnut structureless soils that retain moisture poorly, the study of the drought tolerance of grape varieties is particularly relevant. The purpose of the research was to study the degree of drought tolerance of grape varieties to identify the adaptive mechanisms of plants in the arid conditions of the region. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: determination of the total water content in the leaves and the relative turghorescence of the leaves; determination of water deficiency in the leaves; determination of water-holding capacity of leaves, as the main indicator of drought resistance. Methods. The object of research was 12 grape varieties of various technological orientations grown on the territory of the vineyard of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Were investigated early ripe varieties (Vostorg, Astrahanskij skorospelyj, Madlen muskatnyj, Koroleva vinogradnikov, Shasla belaya, Bianka, Fioletovyj rannij) and mid-season varieties (Kishmish Luchistyj, Husajne rozovyj, Levokumskij). For control were taken: Kodryanka – for early ripe varieties; Karamol – for varieties of medium ripening. The experience laid down by the method of B.A. Dospehov. The scheme of planting bushes 1250.0 pcs/ha. Formation of bushes – fan, four-sleeve. Irrigation was carried out on furrows with a norm of 600.0–800.0 m3/ha. To assess the adaptive resistance of grape varieties to drought, we determined: the total water content in the leaves, the relative turborescence of the leaves according to the Witherly method, the water deficit in the leaves according to the Litvinov method, and the water retention capacity according to the Eremeev method. Results. The lowest water deficit in the group of early ripening varieties was found in the varieties Kodryanka, Madlen muskatnyj and Koroleva vinogradnikov (4.9–5.7 %); in the group of middle-ripening varieties, the varieties are Levokumskij and Kishmish Luchistyj (4.7–5.0 %). As a result of the research, 7 varieties with a high degree of drought resistance were identified: Kodryanka, Astrahanskij skorospelyj, Koroleva vinogradnikov, Shasla belaya, Karamol, Kishmish Luchistyj and Husajne rozovyj.

scholarly journals Improving water retention capacity of an aeolian sandy soil with feldspathic sandstone

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jichang Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
Soil Water Characteristic Curves ◽  
High Suction ◽  
Feldspathic Sandstone

Abstract The Mu Us sandy land in China’s Shaanxi Province faces a critical water shortage, with its aeolian sandy soil endangering the regional eco-environment. Here we investigated the effects of feldspathic sandstone on water retention in an aeolian sandy soil from the Mu Us sandy land. Feldspathic sandstone and aeolian sandy soil samples were mixed at different mass ratios of 0:1 (control), 1:5 (T1), 1:2 (T2), and 1:1 (T3). Soil-water characteristic curves were determined over low- to medium-suction (1–1000 kPa) and high-suction (1000–140 000 kPa) ranges, by centrifuge and water vapor equilibrium methods, respectively. Results showed that the addition of feldspathic sandstone modified the loose structure of the aeolian sandy soil mainly consisting of sand grains. The van Genuchten model described well the soil-water characteristic curves of all four experimental soils (R2-values > 0.97). Soil water content by treatment was ranked as T2 > T3 > T1 > control at the same low matric suction (1–5 kPa), but this shifted to T2 > T1 > T3 > control at the same medium- to high-suction (5–140 000 kPa). T2 soil had the largest saturated water content, with a relatively high water supply capacity. This soil (T2) also had the largest field capacity, total available water content, and permanent wilting coefficient, which were respectively 17.82%, 11.64%, and 23.11% higher than those of the control (P-values < 0.05). In conclusion, adding the feldspathic sandstone in an appropriate proportion (e.g., 33%) can considerably improve the water retention capacity of aeolian sandy soil in the study area.

scholarly journals Soil Water Dynamics and Growth of Street and Park Trees

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-245
Author(s):  
Christian Nielsen ◽  
Oliver Bühler ◽  
Palle Kristoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Street Trees ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Street Tree

Soil water dynamics were studied in 100 street tree planting pits and in the soil surrounding five park trees. Volumetric soil water content and stem cross-sectional area increment were measured on both park and street trees. Different levels of irrigation were implemented on the 100 street trees. Winter assessments of soil wetness at field capacity showed that the water retention capacity was lower in street planting pits than in the park soil attributable to the rather coarse substrate used in the planting pits. High variability among street tree planting pits in regard to water retention capacity was determined and may be related to poor standardization of the substrates, but may also be affected by varying drainage conditions. The rate of water loss in the street tree planting pits was very high immediately after rainfall or irrigation and decreased exponentially during the first 10 days after water input. This was attributed to rapid drainage. The water loss rate in the park soil was on average slightly higher than in the nonirrigated control street pits but showed a more linear decrease over time. We concluded that the water loss in the park soil during summer was primarily driven by transpiration of trees (above 10 L/day [2.6 gal/day]), which complies with common Danish forest experience. The relationship between water loss and tree growth was reversed in the street tree planting pits. The street trees did consume water for growth, but growth and transpiration of the street trees were not a noticeably driving mechanism in the planting pit hydrology. The large variation in street tree increment is attributed to the variation among street planting pits in their ability to retain water. The faster the water loss rate, the slower the tree growth. Irrigation did not prevent final depletion of the soil water resource in planting pits, but irrigation elevated the water content for limited periods during the growing season and thereby enhanced tree growth. Besides the obvious possibilities for improved water balance by horizontal and vertical expansion of the rooting zone, we also suggest improving the water retention capacity of planting pit soil by adding clay nodules. Options for continuous monitoring of tree vitality and soil water content to optimize maintenance are discussed.

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