scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of plant materials of some representatives of the genera Narcissus L. and Camassia Lindl.

2021 ◽  
Vol 205 (02) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Antonina Reut ◽  
Aygul' Biglova ◽  
Irina Allayarova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract. Purpose. Heavy metals can have a negative effect on plants, animals and humans if their concentration exceeds certain limits. Therefore, it is important to establish the characteristics of the accumulation of heavy metals and to determine the elemental composition of aboveground (leaves) and underground (bulbs) organs in plant samples of 8 varieties of Narcissus hybridus hort. (Actaea, Arctic Gold, Cassata, Quail, Sir Winston Churchill, White Lady, Calgary, Pink Parasol) and Camassia cusickii S. Wats. in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa (Republic of Bashkortostan). Methods. The study of the elemental composition of the samples was carried out according to the method of quantitative chemical analysis “Determination of As, Pb, Cd, Sn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in laboratory samples of food products and food raw materials by the atomic absorption method with electrothermal atomization No. M-02-1009-08”. Scientific novelty. This work is the first to analyze the results of the content of individual elements in aboveground and underground organs in samples of cultivated floral and ornamental plants in the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir Ural. Results. It was found that the content of nickel, copper, cadmium, lead, magnesium, iron, chromium in all the samples studied does not exceed the standards specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF). The arsenic content exceeds the standards specified in the SP RF by 3.4 times. Revealed a high intensity of biological absorption of copper. The peculiarity of the accumulation of individual elements by different taxa of the studied plants is noted. It has been established that the concentrations of As, Cu, Pl, Mn, Fe in the aboveground organs are higher than in the underground part of plants; the ratio of the content of Ni, Cr, Cd in aboveground and underground organs is the same. As a result of these studies, it was recommended to use the studied cultivars as a phytoremediator of arsenic.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in the organs of herbaceous plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Antonina Reut ◽  
Aigul Biglova ◽  
Irina Allayarova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Lead Magnesium ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
The City

The purpose of the work is to establish the characteristics of the accumulation of heavy metals of aboveground and underground organs in plant samples of 8 varieties of Narcissus hybridus and Camassia cusickii in the urbanized environment of the city of Ufa. The study of the elemental composition of the samples was carried out according to the method of quantitative chemical analysis ‘Determination of As, Pb, Cd, Sn, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni in laboratory samples of food products and food raw materials by the atomic absorption method with electrothermal atomization’. It was found that the content of nickel, copper, cadmium, lead, magnesium, iron, chromium in all the samples studied does not exceed the standards specified in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (SP RF). The arsenic content exceeds the standards specified in the SP RF by 3.4 times. Revealed a high intensity of biological absorption of copper. It has been established that the concentrations of As, Cu, Pl, Mn, Fe in the aboveground organs are higher than in the underground part of plants; the ratio of the content of Ni, Cr, Cd in aboveground and underground organs is the same.

scholarly journals The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5779
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Plant Materials

The presented study was aimed at the determination of the level of contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in 240 samples of plant materials, i.e., herbal raw materials, spices, tea, and coffee. Moreover, a probabilistic risk assessment (noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR). The samples were subjected to microwave mineralisation with the use of HNO3 (65%), while the determination of the content of the elements was performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP–MS) and a mercury analyser. The element which was characterised by the highest level of accumulation in the analysed samples was lead (from 0.010 to 5.680 mg/kg). Among the heavy metals under analysis, the lowest concentration was noted in the case of mercury (from 0.005 to 0.030 mg/kg). A notably higher level of contamination with heavy metals was noted in the analysed samples of herbs and spices (0.005–5.680 mg/kg), compared to samples of tea and coffee (0.005–0.791 mg/kg). According to the guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO) concerning the limits of contamination of samples of herbal raw materials with heavy metals, lead levels exceeding the limits were only noted in 24 samples of herbs (18%). In all of the analysed samples of spices, tea, and coffee, no instances of exceeded limits were noted for any of the analysed heavy metals. The values of TTHQmax (in relation to the consumption of the analysed products) were as follows: up to 4.23 × 10−2 for spices, up to 2.51 × 10−1 for herbs, up to 4.03 × 10−2 for China tea, and up to 1.25 × 10−1 for roasted coffee beans. As the value of THQ ≤1, there is no probability of the appearance of undesirable effects related to the consumption of the analysed group of raw materials and products of plant origin. The CR value for As (max. value) was 1.29 × 10−5, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CONTENT OF CHEMICALS IN THE SOIL OF MINING AREAS OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Mikhailova ◽  
M. A. Solodukhina ◽  
O. G. Alekseeva ◽  
N. M. Burlaka ◽  
S. E. Lapa
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Mining Areas

Introduction. Intensive exploration and processing of mineral raw materials in the Trans-Baikal territory has caused the accumulation of considerable amount of industrial mining waste with high content of chemical elements of different classes of hazard. Currently 33 tailings storage facilities (TSF) accumulating approximately 3 milliard tons of different industrial waste are located in the territory of the region. The aim of the research is the hygienic assessment of soil contamination in the residential areas adjacent to TSFs. Material and methods. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry method was used for the determination of heavy metals. The study presents the results of analyses of 444 samples of gross content of lead, zinc, copper, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium in the soil of Khapcheranga, Sherlovaya Gora, Kadaya, Vershino-Darasunsky, and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky mining villages throughout the duration of 2012 - 2015. Results. During the period of the study the total value of soil contamination with Zc calculated by the median concentrations in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 4.7 6.9, in Vershino-Shakhtaminaky - to 6.7 8.8, which corresponds to the «allowable» level of the contamination. Zc calculation by maximum concentrations has shown the soil to be referred to the category from “moderately dangerous” to “extremely dangerous”; this value in Khapcheranga Village amounted to 48.7 - 235.3, in Vershino-Shakhtaminsky Village - to 23.76 - 164.8. Discussion. In the residential areas the allowable degree of soil contamination was determined to be predominantly observed; Khapcheranga and Vershino-Shakhtaminsky villages are the exceptions. The results of the assessment give the evidence of tge increased lead, cadmium and arsenic content throughout the entire area of the villages, while the highest levels of accumulated toxic substances are registered in the areas located near the TSF Conclusion. Thus, several zones of natural and anthropogenous contamination with increased concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic have been formed in the Trans-Baikal Territory. This dictates the need to study the influence of geochemical anomalies on the health of population.

scholarly journals Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Igor' Vladimirovich Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
Burial Grounds

The object of this research is the interaction of the forest and forest-steppe habitat of Eastern Europe during the Golden Horde. The subject of this research is the interaction of the Chiyalik culture, formed in the forest-steppe zone of Volga-Ural region and the Golden Horde culture formed in the steppe zone of Western Eurasia. The monuments of Chiyalik culture – subsoil burial grounds and ancient settlements – are located in the valleys of the Rivers Kama, Belaya, Ika, Dema, Chermasan, Suni and other rivers in the eastern parts of modern Tatarstan and northwestern parts of the modern Bashkortostan, dating back from XII–XIV centuries. The bearers of Chiyalik culture were Ugric by origin, who have undergone Turkization and Islamization. The article explores the narrative sources that contain records on the relations between Uralic Ugric Peoples and Mongols, archaeological data on the objects of the Golden Horde import found on the monuments of Chiyalik culture. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data on the problem of interaction of Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde as the synchronous historical phenomena. Narrative sources indicate the conquest of the territory of Chiyalik culture by the Mongols, tribute and labor conscriptions carried out by the local population in favor of the conquerors. The objects of the Golden Horde were detected on the settlement monuments: silver earrings and coins were found in Ufa-II settlement; copper coins were found in Iske–aul settlement; pottery and copper coins were found in Podymalovo-I settlement. Silver Golden Horde coins were found in the Taktalachuk and Azmetyevsky burial grounds. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in the conclusion that the paucity of findings is explained by the absence of large settlements, and the Muslim funeral rite. The novelty consists in establishment of the fact of the unilateral impact of the Golden Horde culture upon the Chiyalik culture: in exchange for the items of the Golden Horde import, were exported the raw materials, items of cattle breeding, hunting and beekeeping.

scholarly journals THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE VEGETATIVE ORGANS OF SORTS REGAL AIR AND SPEAK TO ME OF HEMEROCALLIS HYBRIDA

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Leonidovna Sedel'nikova ◽  
Ol'ga Vasil'yevna Chankina
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Ecological Conditions

The data on the content of 22 chemical elements in the leaves and rhizomes of Hemerocallis hybrida plants of the Speak to me and Regal Air varieties growing in soil-ecological conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. The General regularities of accumulation and distribution of macro- and microelements in leaves and rhizomes of plants of two varieties of daylilies are established: excess of the content of many microelements (vanadium, chromium, nickel, rubidium) in rhizomes in comparison with leaves. It was revealed that the concentration of chemical elements in plants differed both in organs and between varieties. The peculiarity of the mineral composition of the Regal Air variety was the excess of the total content of trace elements in 1.5–3 times compared to the variety Speak to me. Concentrations of individual elements in the leaves and rhizomes of daylilies differed significantly. It is shown that in both varieties in the leaves the amount of bromine was 4 times higher than in rhizomes, strontium – 1.5–1.8 times. The concentration of toxicant elements in the phytomass of Hemerocallis hybrida varieties was significantly lower than permissible concentration, which makes it possible to use them for medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Improved Control of the Main Pests in Pome-fruit Orchards of the Forest Steppe Zone in Ukraine

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 828B-828
Author(s):  
I.I. Khomenko ◽  
Raymond L. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Fruit Plantations

The purpose of this research was to develop an improved system of controlling the main pests in pome-fruit plantations without damaging beneficial insects and with a minimal negative effect of pesticides. Current methods of controlling a broad spectrum of pests and diseases were studied. Several variants of spraying regimens were tested. It was established that most of the damage to the fruit is caused by coddling moth and, to a lesser degree, by pear fruit moth on the one hand and mildew and scab on the other. The most-effective and least-harmful spraying regiments were identified.

scholarly journals PERENNIAL FLORICULTURAL CROPS RECOMMENDED FOR USE IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
O.V. Larina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
High Degree

Rare perennials are very valuable ornamental plants that are very different in their morphological properties. They also differ in the rhythms of their seasonal development. The research goal is to make a comprehensive description of the studied introduced species according to their economically valuable characters and to recommend them for use in land-scape design of the Altai Region. This paper presents the results of long-term studies of 10 taxa that were recom-mended over the past 5 years. The research was carried outin the forest-steppe zone of the Altai Region. The following species were the research targets: Ajuga reptansChocolate Chip,Ajuga reptansMulticolor,Aster novi-belgiiBlue Gem,Aster novi-belgiiEthel Ballard,Aster novi-belgiiMarye Bal-lard,Ligulariatangutica, Heuherella tiarelloides, Sedum kamtschaticum, Hylotelephium spectabile, Eupatorium pur-pureum. In terms of height, structure of vegetative and gen-erative shoots, the introduced species belong to different morphobiological groups, and that allowsusing them in vari-ous types of plantations. The recommended taxa have a high degree of winter hardiness with the exception of Ajuga reptansMulticolor which rots slightly in winters with high snow levels. The flowering of the studied species lasts from May 26 to September 26. There are 4 cultivars with an early flowering period, 1 -middle, 5 -late flowering. Flowering duration is 19-52 days. The plant height is from 18 to 130 cm. The comprehensive evaluationreaches 12-13 score points out of possible 15points. The influence of weather conditions on the quantitative indices of ornamental and morphophysiological qualities of the cultivars was deter-mined. Wide use of highly ornamental perennials recom-mended for landscaping may increasethe ornamental valueof flower beds.

scholarly journals Quality Numerical Indicators of Raw Materials of Sanguisorba Officinalis L. Growing on Overburden Dumps of Kuzbass Coal Surface Mines

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Natalya Egorova ◽  
Irina Egorova ◽  
Elena Maltseva ◽  
Andrey Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis ◽  
Overburden Dumps

Medicinal plant materials quality assessment of the Sanguisorba officinalis L. growing on the Kedrovsky coal mine dumps in Kemerovo region is given. The analysis of obtained burnet raw material quality indicators (moisture, total ash, insoluble in hydrochloric acid, quantitative content of tannins, heavy metals, radionuclides) showed that this vegetable raw material match with the requirements of PhI.2.5.0078.18 “Sanguisorba officinalis L. rhizome and roots”. Tannins average content in the burnet rhizomes and roots was 15.708 ± 0.307%, which is within the normal range (up to 14%). It was found that the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) content does not exceed the MPC adopted for medicinal plant raw materials (G.Ph.A.5.5.000.0009.15). The obtained indicators for the artificial radionuclides (Cs-137, Sr-90) content showed that their quantity in the raw material is also within the normal range and their actual content is several times less than the normalized one. From the point of radiological safety view the studied raw materials are not dangerous since they accumulate 0.36% Sr-90 and 0.42% Cs-137 from the levels established by regulatory documentation. Therefore, the burnet medicinal plant raw material harvested at the Kedrovsky open-pit coal mine on the territory of waste dump does not represent a danger to human health.

scholarly journals BRYOPHYTA AS ТЕST-ОBJECTS OF BRYOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATION OF ATMOSPHERIC FALLOUTS OF HEAVY METALS AND RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF EUROPE. АNALYTICAL REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (33) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
O. Orlov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Pleurozium Schreberi ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Hylocomium Splendens ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Hypnum Cupressiforme ◽  
Test Objects

The review presents the analysis of publications dedicated to problems of using of Bryobionta representatives for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides in the environment. Taxonomic structure of Bryobionta is briefly observed, three divisions of Bryobionta are elucidated – Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. It is concluded that the most suitable moss species for biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides are representatives from division Bryophyta, such as Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Hypnum cupressiforme, Scleropodium purum. The mosses have been successfully used in biomonitoring of atmospheric fallout of heavy metals in the environment in Europe for 25 years. A special system of monitoring on their basis is applied in 28 countries of the continent. For the most important moss species used as test-objects of biomonitoring, significant width of their geographic distribution is shown as well as distribution on different substrates of growth (epigeious, epiphytic, epilytic). The main biological peculiarities of mosses which allow to use them for purposes of biomonitoring of heavy metals and radionuclides have been analyzed, i.e. absence of roots, that permits them to derive the main part of nutrients (and pollutants) directly from aerial fallouts – dry (dust) and wet (rain, snow), and high cation exchange capacity of their cell membranes. The most important anatomical and morphological features of three moss groups (endohydritic, ectohydritic, mixohydritic) are briefly reported, and a conclusion about the best suitability of ectohydritic moss species for bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants is made. Results of numerous biomonitoring studies conducted with using of widely distributed moss species in Europe in nature and anthropogenic biogeocenoses are demonstrated. Criteria to mosses as test-objects of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring are briefly reported. Physiological adaptations of mosses to stress emerging due to intake of significant concentrations of heavy metals to their phytomass are generalized. Requirements to sampling of moss cover for purposes of bryogeochemical indication and biomonitoring of pollutants are reported. Perspective moss species as test-objects of environmental pollution by heavy metals and radionuclides are proposed for different natural zones of Ukraine: for Polissya zone – Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi, for Forest-Steppe zone – Hypnum cupressiforme, for Steppe zone – Tortula muralis and Bryum argenteum.

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