scholarly journals EXPLOSIVE HAZARD OF SPHERICAL TANKS OF OIL AND GAS REFINING ENTERPRISES

Fire Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
N. O. Ferents ◽  
S. Y. Vovk ◽  
A. S. Lyn
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Liquefied Gas

Gas and oil refining enterprises receive a large amount of hydrocarbon gases, which can be used as fuel or after processing as a raw material for a number of oil refining and petrochemical processes. The fires on such objects are characterized by high speed of development, destruction of technological equipment and building structures, intensive flowing out of combustible liquids and liquefied gases, significant thermal radiation, gas pollution of the adjoining territory; Even local fires or explosions under adverse circumstances due to chain development can lead to catastrophic scales. Therefore, the problem of reliable fire protection of the oil and gas refining industry enterprises, individual units and installations is relevant. The goal of the work is investigation of the danger of accidents in spherical tanks at oil and gas refining industry enterprises. The physical and chemical properties of the liquefied gases, the conditions of the technological process, the experience of accidents on similar objects were analyzed. The results showed that during the technological process with liquefied gas the emissions of substances causing the formation of a potential explosive zones, explosions of gas and gas clouds, physical explosions of vapour, fireballs, spill fires and the spread of clouds of toxic substances were possible. In order to ensure the process, spherical tanks for liquefied gas are equipped with devices for monitoring the level, pressure, temperature; alarms of emergency level; systems of manual release of pressure; systems of safety valves with a discharge on a torch or a candle; equalizing lines between tanks and overpasses with electric locks. The breakdown hazard of spherical tanks of oil and gas refining enterprises was studied. The zone of destructive action of explosion pressure in a spherical tank with liquefied gas was calculated.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF HYDROCARBON RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT AT ANGOLA OIL REFINING INDUSTRY

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
N.D.A. Gama ◽  
K.E. Stankevich ◽  
M.A. Esteita ◽  
A.R. Gaysina ◽  
I.A. Mustafin
Keyword(s):  
Material Processing ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Processing Technologies

CONVERSION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS TO VISCOUS LIQUIDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
O. Andreev ◽  
L. Zagrebelnaya ◽  
O. Kobets
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Viscous Liquids

The urgency of the work is due to the large use of modern industry centrifugal pumps for pumping viscous liquids. In the energy sector, this is the use of fuel oil and thermal power plants, mineral oils and oil and gas-based lubricants as reserve fuel, and so on.The use of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances requires their recalculation. These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.In the oil industry, thousands of centrifugal pumps operate at oil pumping stations and in oil refining processes.The conducted researches and the analysis of their results give the chance to control giving of the centrifugal pump in technological process of cracking of oil products on an example of application of ACS.Analytical researches of a technique of recalculations are given.The characteristic of centrifugal pumps by calculations of approximation coefficients by the method of least squares is given.The performed studies confirmed the theoretical data on the influence of liquid viscosity on the appearance of the characteristics of centrifugal pumps.Studies also show that a sufficiently high accuracy of calculations of characteristics from water to liquid is provided for high-speed pumps which are in the range n = 50–130, that is for low-speed and normal wheels of centrifugal pumps.With the improvement of fluid quality, the rotation of the wheel shaft deteriorates. Therefore, there is a need to have the characteristics of such pumps at different speeds. The construction of such characteristics is based on the theory of similarity of centrifugal pumps, from which the so-called proportionality formulas are obtained, which allow to list (Q–H) the characteristics of the pump when the speed changes.Bringing characteristics to the analytical form allows you to use the Ace feed control. The means of regulation by changing the speed provides a significant reduction in electricity consumption.These data show the relevance of the problem of recalculating the characteristics of centrifugal pumps for viscous substances.

scholarly journals Spent FCC E-Cat: Towards a Circular Approach in the Oil Refining Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferella ◽  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Simona Leone ◽  
Valentina Innocenzi ◽  
Ida De Michelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Discounted Cash Flow

Every year the oil refining industry consumes thousand tons of fluid catalytic cracking zeolite from the E-cat generated in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit. In the present paper, a new process for recycling of fluid catalytic cracking catalysts (FCCCs) is presented. The process, previously tested at laboratory scale, was simulated by SuperPro Designer catalysts (FCCCs, also known as equilibrium catalysts, E-cat), which are mainly landfilled. Their intrinsic value is quite low and the content of rare earth elements (REEs), as lanthanum and cerium oxides, is around 3%wt. Moreover, their reuse in other industrial processes as raw material is very scarce. For each metric ton of spent FCCC treated for recovery of REEs, nearly the same amount of waste is generated from the process, the majority of which is represented by the solid residue resulting from the leaching stage. The manuscript presents a technological study and an economic analysis for the recovery of REEs, as well as the production of synthetic © software package. The plant was designed for a capacity of 4000 metric tons per year. The discounted cash flow (DCF) method was applied and Net Present Value (NPV) equal to about two-million € and Discounted Payback Time (DPBT) equal to two years defined the profitability of the process for recycling of FCCCs. This result depends on the selling price of zeolite. Consequently, a break-even point (BEP) analysis was conducted on this critical variable and the condition of economic feasibility was verified with a price of 1070 €/ton. This study tried to implement recycling strategies towards circular economy models.

scholarly journals New Sintanyl Phosphonates for Protection of Oil and Gas Pipelines from Steel Corrosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-795
Author(s):  
Evgeny Nikitin ◽  
Georgy Shumatbaev ◽  
Dmitriy Terenzhev ◽  
Kirill Sinyashin ◽  
Egor Rastergaev
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Aggressive Medium ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Iron Corrosion

Many corrosion inhibitors are economically disadvantageous or toxic to the environment. Additionally, there are certain requirements for corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, the development of new corrosion inhibitors is one of the important problems in the oil-producing and oil-refining industry. The purpose of this work is the synthesis of new corrosion inhibitors with high inhibitory activity, the establishment of the structure of the compounds obtained and the determination of the anti-corrosion effect with respect to aggressive media. This paper presents the results of research on the development of new iron corrosion inhibitors. New α-aminophosphonates were synthesized based on the Kabachnik-Fields reaction. Formalin, morpholine, phosphite containing residues of industrial non-ionic surfactants - syntanols as radicals were used as a raw material. The compounds obtained were isolated in high yield. The structure of the compounds obtained is established by modern methods of physico-chemical analysis. The protective effect of the compounds obtained was studied by a gravimetric method for 6, 24, 72 hour exposure and an inhibitor concentration of 10, 25, 50, 100 ppm. As an aggressive medium, a highly mineralized medium containing СО2 and Н2S was used in simulated formation water. The dynamics of changes in the protective effect of the resulting aminophosphonate from time to time, at dosages of 2.5-100 ppm, were studied using electrochemical analysis methods. The protective effect of syntanyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphonate obtained at 25 ppm and a shutter speed of 6 hours is 73-82%. The article shows that with increasing concentration, an increase in the protective effect is observed. The greatest protective (89,6) effect showed O-2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- [2- (dodecyloxy) ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy ] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethoxy] ethyl-O-ethyl- (N-morpholinyl) methylphosphone at a dosage of 100 ppm.

scholarly journals Uji Kinerja Mesin Pencacah Tumbuhan Nilam dengan Kapasitas 120 Kg/Jam

METANA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Hilda Porawati ◽  
Darmuji Darmuji ◽  
Ahmad Imam Rifa'i
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Class A ◽  
Main Components

Tumbuhan nilam merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri dan salah satu penyumbang devisa terbesar di  antara  tanaman  atsiri  lainnya. Minyak nilam merupakan bahan baku dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, antiseptik serta aromaterapi. Salah satu indikator peningkatan kapasitas produksi minyak nilam adalah terdapat pada proses pencacahan tumbuhan nilam sebelum dilakukan proses penyulingan minyak nilam. Proses pencacahan tumbuhan nilam akan lebih efektif dalam efisiensi waktu pengerjaan dan peningkatan kapasitas jika dilakukan dengan mesin pencacah. Komponen utama dari mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam adalah rangka, cover dan rangka, poros, saluran masuk, saluran keluar, kedudukan mata pisau, transmisi  tunggal  serta  mesin  penggerak. Daya mesin penggerak yang digunakan sebesar 5.5 HP dengan mata pisau planer berjumlah 4 buah dimensi 300 x 30 x 30 mm yang terbuat dari komposisi material High Speed Steel (HSS) 18%. Posisi mata pisau di pasang dengan kemiringan mata pisau 3⁰. Sistem transmisi menggunakan sistem transmisi tunggal yaitu 2 buah pulley dihubungkan dengan menggunakan v-belt. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengatur variasi putaran motor penggerak untuk mengetahui kapasitas cacahan dalam rentang waktu 1 jam. Ukuran hasil cacahan yang diteliti diatur dengan variasi jarak potong mata pisau yaitu 20 mm dan 30 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas cacahan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya putaran poros mata pisau. Pada putaran poros mata pisau > 1000 rpm mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam memiliki kapasitas cacahan ±120 kg/jam. Kapasitas cacahan untuk variasi jarak 30 mm memiliki kapasitas cacahan yang lebih banyak di bandingkan dengan pengaturan jarak 30 mm. Berdasarkan syarat mutu dan metode uji dari mesin pencacah (chopper) mesin pencacah tumbuhan nilam SNI 7580:2010 tergolong kedalam mesin kelas A. Patchouli plant produces essential oils and one of the largest foreign exchange earners, among other essential plants. Patchouli oil is a raw material in the cosmetics, perfume, antiseptic, and aromatherapy industries. One indicator of an increase in patchouli oil production capacity is the patchouli plant's chopping process before the patchouli oil refining process is carried out. The patchouli plant's chopping process will be more effective in the efficiency of processing time and increased capacity if it is done with a chopping machine. The patchouli chopping machine's main components are the frame, cover and frame, shaft, inlet, outlet, the position of the blade, single transmission, and engine. The power of the engine used is 5.5 HP with 4 planer blades of 300 x dimensions. 30 x 30 mm, which is made of 18% High-Speed Steel (HSS) material composition. The position of the blade is attached with a 3 angle of the blade. The transmission system uses a single transmission system, namely 2 pulleys connected using a v-belt. This research was conducted by adjusting the motor rotation variation to determine the chopping capacity within 1 hour. The size of the chopped results studied was adjusted by varying the cutting distance of the blades, namely 20 mm and 30 mm. The results showed that the chopping capacity increased with an increasing rotation of the blade shaft. At the blade rotation> 1000 rpm, the patchouli chopping machine has a ±120 kg/hour chopping capacity. The chopping capacity for 30 mm spacing variations has more chopping capacity than the 30 mm spacing setting. Based on the chopper's quality requirements and the test method, the patchouli plant SNI 7580: 2010 is classified as a class A machine.

Аdaptability of building structures for oil and gas fields

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
A.V. Antonov ◽  
◽  
Yu.V. Maksimov ◽  
A.N. Korkishko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Oil And Gas Fields ◽  
Gas Fields

scholarly journals Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Kinzo Kishida ◽  
Artur Guzik ◽  
Ken’ichi Nishiguchi ◽  
Che-Hsien Li ◽  
Daiji Azuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Chirp Pulse ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Industry Applications

Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators.

Ceramic Proppants Based on Ultrabasic Rocks of Kazakhstan Chromite Ore Deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
A.A. Biryukova ◽  
T.D. Dzhienalyev ◽  
A.V. Boronina
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Magnesium Silicate ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chrome Spinel ◽  
Overburden Rock ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Silicate Ceramic

The purpose of the work is the obtaining of magnesium silicate ceramic proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks of Kempirsai deposits of chromite ores (Kazakhstan). The chemical and mineralogical composition of ultrabasic overburden rock was studied by chemical, microscopic and X-ray diffraction analyzes. It is established that the main mineral of ultrabasic overburden rocks is serpentine, present in the form of fibrous chrysotile and lamellar antigorite. In the impurities are iron oxides and hydroxides, chrome spinel, carbonates, quartz. Assessment of the use of overburden rocks as a raw material for the production of ceramic proppants was carried out. The sintering interval of overburden rocks was determined at 1280-1300 °C. The sintering firing optimum temperature of ceramics, based on this type of raw material is 1300 °C. It is established that to harden the structure of magnesium silicate ceramic it is necessary to activate the raw material thermally at a temperature of 1000 °C. The influence of binder type on the properties of magnesium silicate proppants, based on the Kempirsai serpentinites was studied. Magnesium silicate proppants, based on ultrabasic overburden rocks, were obtained with the following properties: apparent density – 1.6 g/cm3, strength resistance (52 MPa) – 14%, sphericity and roundness – 0.8; chemical resistance (hydrochloric acid) – 98%, static strength of the fraction 16/20 - 72–118 N/granule. The field of application is oil and gas production, metallurgy and ceramic industries.

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