scholarly journals Rising Staple Prices and Food Insecurity: The Case of the Mexican Tortilla

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Bohorquez-Penuela ◽  
Mariana Urbina-Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Time Invariant

We study the relationship between rising prices of tortillas---the Mexican staple par excellence---and household food insecurity between 2008 and 2014, a period in which global food prices experienced dramatic increases. The use of a unique combination of household-level data and official state-level information on prices allows us exploit signi cant variation in prices across the Mexican states. Since households cannot be tracked across time, we follow Deaton (1985) by constructing a series of pseudo-panels to control for time- invariant unobserved heterogeneity and measurement error. The regression estimates suggest that increasing tortilla prices affected food insecurity rates in Mexico. More speci cally, households with children or those in the second or third income quintile are more likely to be affected.

Hasty Pudding Versus Tasty Bread: Regional Variations in Diet and Nutrition during the Industrial Revolution

2012 ◽  
pp. 9-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Horrell ◽  
Deborah Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Nutritional Score

Using parish-level information from Sir F.M. Eden's The state of the poor (1797) we can identify typical diets for the counties of England. These diets varied considerably and afforded very different standards of nutrition. We compute a nutritional score for this diet, paying attention to the presence of vitamins, minerals and micronutrients shown to be essential for health and growth in constructing this measure. Other information in the reports allows us to relate county-level nutrition to factors in the local economy. In particular we find nutrition was positively related to the availability of common land in the area and to women's remunerated work if conducted from home. Lack of common land and little local supply of dairy products also pushed households into buying white wheaten bread rather than baking their own wholemeal loaf. Replicating some of this analysis with household-level data confirms these results. Diet also maps onto stature: male convicts to Australia were significantly taller if they originated in a county with a more nutritious diet. This verifies the important impact of nutrition on stature and demonstrates the sensitivity of height as a measure of key aspects of welfare.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Characteristics of Farming Community and Food Security Situation in Punjab, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Bushra Pervaiz ◽  
Ninghui Li ◽  
Muhammad Qasim Manzoor ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Access To Food

Despite the availability of ample food and reasonably low food prices, food insecurity prevailed in many developing countries in 1970s. The paradigm shift in 1980s from supply to demand side of food security underlined the entitlement or access to food as the center of mainstream research. Current study is the findings of the data collected from household level survey regarding socio-economic and food insecurity conditions in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The descriptive analysis and cross tabulation of the household data revealed that household assets, house building material, size of agricultural farms, ownership of tractor, farm livestock were associated with food security conditions of the farming community. The data results also confirmed that the poorer families made major expenditure on the food out of total household expenditure every month.  It was also revealed that households in the irrigated regions of Punjab have better entitlement as compared with households surveyed from Thal (desert) and rain-fed regions. The daily consumption of eggs, milk and various forms of meat was found below daily recommended nutritional requirements in most of the households. This study confirms the findings of the earlier surveys made in this regard and highlights the demand side of food insecurity issues in Punjab province of Pakistan. Food security policies in Pakistan should focus entitlement and food access of farming households. The household and farm assets need to be built for reducing vulnerability of poorer farming community to food insecurity in Pakistan.

How do context variables affect food insecurity in Mexico? Implications for policy and governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (13) ◽  
pp. 2445-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Vilar-Compte ◽  
Pablo Gaitán-Rossi ◽  
Diana Flores ◽  
Vanessa Pérez-Cirera ◽  
Graciela Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
Climate Vulnerability ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractObjective:To assess, from a systems perspective, how climate vulnerability and socio-economic and political differences at the municipal and state levels explain food insecurity in Mexico.Design:Using a cross-sectional design with official secondary data, we estimated three-level multinomial hierarchical linear models.Setting:The study setting is Mexico’s states and municipalities in 2014.Participants:Heads of households in a representative sample of the general population.Results:At the municipal level, vulnerability to climate disasters and a poverty index were significant predictors of food insecurity after adjusting for household-level variables. At the state level, gross domestic product and the number of nutrition programmes helped explain different levels of food insecurity but change in political party did not. Predictors varied in strength and significance according to the level of food insecurity.Conclusions:Findings evidence that, beyond food assistance programmes and household characteristics, multiple variables operating at different levels – like climate vulnerability and poverty – contribute to explain the degree of food insecurity. Food security governance is a well-suited multisectoral approach to address the complex challenge of hunger and access to a nutritious diet.

scholarly journals Effect of a conditional cash transference program on food insecurity in Mexican households: 2012–2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mariana Saldivar-Frausto ◽  
Mishel Unar-Munguía ◽  
Ignacio Méndez-Gómez-Humarán ◽  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
Teresa Shamah-Levy
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mexican Populations

Abstract Objective: To estimate the effects of the social inclusion programme PROSPERA on food insecurity (FI) in Mexican households during 2012 and 2016. Design: Quasi-experimental study using cross-sectional data from 2012 to 2016 National Household Income and Expenditure Survey – Socioeconomic Conditions Module (in Spanish, ENIGH-MCS). Setting: Data were used from a 2012 sample of 56 888 Mexican households (representative of 31 206 819 households) and a 2016 sample of 70 263 Mexican households (representative of 33 445 353 households). Severity of FI was estimated with the Mexican Food Security Scale (in Spanish, EMSA). The statistical analysis estimated a differences in differences (DD) model weighted by propensity score to compare program beneficiary and non-beneficiary households in 2012 than in 2016. We estimated the effect on households with and without children (< 18 years of age). We also compared this model to a DD model without propensity score weighting. Participants: Mexican households. Results: FI among all beneficiary households decreased 8·0pp as compared to non-beneficiary households over the study period. In beneficiary households with children, this decrease was 6·0pp and for beneficiary households without children, this decrease was 12·9pp (for all, P-value < 0·001). Conclusions: The PROSPERA program had a positive effect on FI reduction at the household level through increasing food access, which usually improves nutritional outcomes in vulnerable Mexican populations.

Knowledge representation in graph-models of complex technical systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Evgenia R. Muntyan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Graph Models ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

The article analyzes a number of methods of knowledge formation using various graph models, including oriented, undirected graphs with the same type of edges and graphs with multiple and different types of edges. This article shows the possibilities of using graphs to represent a three-level structure of knowledge in the field of complex technical systems modeling. In such a model, at the first level, data is formed in the form of unrelated graph vertices, at the second level – information presented by a related undirected graph, and at the third level – knowledge in the form of a set of graph paths. The proposed interpretation of the structure of knowledge allows to create new opportunities for analytical study of knowledge and information, their properties and relationships.

Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

Middle and Below Living Standards: What Can We Learn from Beyond Income Measures of Economic Well-being?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marii Paskov ◽  
Joan E. Madia ◽  
Tim Goedemé
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter complements the income-based measures of living standards on which earlier chapters have focused by incorporating non-income dimensions of economic well-being into its analysis, including indicators of material deprivation, economic burdens, and financial stress. It analyses how working-age households around and below the middle of the income distribution fared in European countries in the years before, during, and after the Great Recession. Harmonized household-level data across the members of the EU are analysed to see whether the evolution of these various non-income measures present a similar or different picture to household incomes over time. To probe what lies behind the patterns this reveals, four quite different countries are then examined in greater depth. Finally, the chapter also explores the relationship between material deprivation for households around and below the middle and overall income inequality.

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