scholarly journals Clostridium difficile: An Important Opportunistic Pathogen in Healthcare-Associated Infections

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyoun Ahn ◽  
Amarat Simonne
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections are infections that patients can get while receiving medical treatment in a healthcare facility. One opportunistic pathogen, Clostridium difficile, has been getting more attention in recent years because of its association with antibiotic use and a high death rate among the elderly. This 7-page factsheet will provide an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) with a focus on healthcare-associated infections. Written by Soohyoun Ahn and Amarat H. Simonne and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs253

Comparison of the Burdens of Hospital-Onset, Healthcare Facility-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection and of Healthcare-Associated Infection due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Community Hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky A. Miller ◽  
Luke F. Chen ◽  
Daniel J. Sexton ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
Healthcare Associated

We sought to determine the burden of nosocomial Clostridium difficile infection in comparison to other healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in community hospitals participating in an infection control network. Our data suggest that C. difficilehas replaced MRSA as the most common etiology of HAI in community hospitals in the southeastern United States.

scholarly journals Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations and the Burden of Healthcare-Associated Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 233339281772110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Lorden ◽  
Luohua Jiang ◽  
Tiffany A. Radcliff ◽  
Kathleen A. Kelly ◽  
Robert L. Ohsfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Lower Extremity Amputation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Extremity Amputation

Background: An estimated 4% of hospital admissions acquired healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and accounted for $9.8 (USD) billion in direct cost during 2011. In 2010, nearly 140 000 of the 3.5 million potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPHs) may have acquired an HAI. There is a knowledge gap regarding the co-occurrence of these events. Aims: To estimate the period occurrences and likelihood of acquiring an HAI for the PPH population. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study using logistic regression analysis of 2011 Texas Inpatient Discharge Public Use Data File including 2.6 million admissions from 576 acute care hospitals. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Prevention Quality Indicator software identified PPH, and existing administrative data identification methodologies were refined for Clostridium difficile infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Odds of acquiring HAIs when admitted with PPH were adjusted for demographic, health status, hospital, and community characteristics. Findings: We identified 272 923 PPH, 14 219 HAI, and 986 admissions with PPH and HAI. Odds of acquiring an HAI for diabetic patients admitted for lower extremity amputation demonstrated significantly increased odds ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval: 2.16-3.91) for Clostridium difficile infection. Other PPH patients had lower odds of acquiring HAI compared to non-PPH patients, and results were frequently significant. Conclusions: Clinical implications include increased risk of HAI among diabetic patients admitted for lower extremity amputation. Methodological implications include identification of rare events for inpatient subpopulations and the need for improved codification of HAIs to improve cost and policy analyses regarding allocation of resources toward clinical improvements.

scholarly journals Current Pattern and Clinico-Bacteriological Profile of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) in an ICU Setting: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mradul Kumar Daga ◽  
Govind Mawari ◽  
Saman Wasi ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Udbhav Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Acinetobacter Species ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objective To understand the pattern and types of healthcare associated infections (HAI) at our healthcare facility, and to determine the common causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with HAI were enrolled and monitored; the causative organisms isolated on culture were recorded and their sensitivity profile was generated. Results Of the 100 patients diagnosed with HAI (mean age ± SD being 42 ± 17 years), there were a total of 110 hospital acquired infections with 10 patients having two infections each. Out of 100 patients with HAI, 69 patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 21 patients had catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) patients, and 20 patients had central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). There were 10 patients with both VAP and CAUTI. All of the HAIs were device associated. A total of 76 pathogens were isolated on culture. No organism was isolated in 40 HAI. Majority (94.7%) of the organisms isolated from HAIs were gram-negative bacteria and all were multidrug resistant. Seventy-seven of the enrolled patients expired while 23 were discharged from the hospital Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HAIs occur in patients of all age groups; younger patients are not spared. Majority of the HAIs were caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and were associated with high patient mortality. Acinetobacter species was the most common organism associated with HAI.

Point prevalence of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110358
Author(s):  
Sailesh Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Swarup Shrestha ◽  
Sisham Ingnam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Information on the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and patterns of antibiotic use are prerequisites for infection prevention and control (IPC) and antibiotics stewardship programmes. However, a few studies have been reported from resource-limited settings and many of them have not used standard definitions to diagnose HAI precluding benchmarking with regional or international data. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antibiotic use in our centre. We conducted a point prevalence survey in a 350-bed university hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal in April 2019. We reviewed all patients aged ⩾ 18 years admitted to the hospital for at least two calendar days and evaluated for the three common HAIs—pneumonia, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection. We used the clinical criteria by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control to diagnose the HAIs. We also collected information on the antibiotics used. Of 160 eligible patients, 18 (11.25%) had HAIs and 114 (87.5%) were on antibiotics, with more than half of them (61/114 patients, 53.5%) receiving two or more antibiotics. This highlights the need for effective implementation of IPC as well as antibiotics stewardship programmes in our centre.

scholarly journals Strategies to Prevent Clostridium difficile Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Update

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (S2) ◽  
pp. S48-S65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik R. Dubberke ◽  
Philip Carling ◽  
Ruth Carrico ◽  
Curtis J. Donskey ◽  
Vivian G. Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Acute Care Hospitals ◽  
Guidance Document ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
American Hospital ◽  
American Hospital Association ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Healthcare Epidemiology ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevention efforts. This document updates “Strategies to Prevent Clostridium difficile Infections in Acute Care Hospitals,” published in 2008. This expert guidance document is sponsored by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and is the product of a collaborative effort led by SHEA, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise. The list of endorsing and supporting organizations is presented in the introduction to the 2014 updates.

scholarly journals Healthcare-associated infections in the elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan J. Katz ◽  
Mary-Claire Roghmann
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prescribing for Dental Procedures in Community-Associated Clostridium difficile cases, Minnesota, 2009–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S1-S1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bye ◽  
Tory Whitten ◽  
Stacy Holzbauer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Dental Procedures

Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) are the leading cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Two of the most significant risk factors for CDI are antibiotic use and healthcare exposure. Dentists write approximately 10% of all outpatient prescriptions in the USA; however, limited data are available regarding dental prescribing’s impact on CDI. We described characteristics of community-associated (CA) CDI cases following antibiotics for dental procedures. Methods The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) performs active population- and laboratory-based surveillance for CDI as part of the CDC’s Emerging Infections Program (EIP). A case was defined as a positive C. difficile toxin or molecular assay on a stool specimen from a person >1 years old without a positive test in the prior 8 weeks, living in one of the five EIP catchment counties. Cases were classified as CA if stool was collected ≤3 days of admission or as an outpatient, with no overnight stay in a healthcare facility in the past 12 weeks. Medical records were reviewed and interviews performed to assess CDI risk factors and potential exposures. Differences in antibiotic prescribing and documentation among CA CDI cases receiving dental procedures were explored. Results During 2009–2015, 2176 presumptive CA CDI cases were reported to MDH; 1626 (75%) were confirmed as CA and interviewed. In total, 926 (57%) were prescribed antibiotics and 136 (15%) for dental procedures. Cases prescribed antibiotics for dental procedures were significantly older (median age: 57 vs. 45 years, P < 0.001), more likely to be prescribed clindamycin (50% vs. 10%, P < 0.001), and less likely to be prescribed fluoroquinolones (6% vs. 19%, P < 0.001) and cephalosporins (7% vs. 30%, P < 0.001) than those prescribed antibiotics for other indications. Among cases who received antibiotics for a dental procedure, 31 (23%) reported antibiotics on interview which were also documented in the medical record and 46 (34%) reported antibiotics for any reason on interview without documentation in the medical record. Conclusion Dental antibiotic prescribing rates are likely underestimated. Stewardship programs should address dental prescribing and alert dentists to CDI subsequent to antibiotics prescribed for dental procedures. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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