scholarly journals Pengaruh Geometri dan Kuat Medan Permanen dari Magnet Permanen NdFeB Terhadap Output Generator Fluks Aksial

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SILVIANA SIMBOLON
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Visual Basic ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Ndfeb Permanent Magnet ◽  
Maximum Voltage ◽  
Permanent Magnet Generator

Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini, telah dilakukan investigasi pengaruh bentuk geometri dan magnetik flux density terhadap outputtegangan dari generator axial flux magnet permanen. Model dari generator axial didesain menggunakan sofware 3D StudioMax dan visual basic net express. Pada simulasi dan eksperimen digunakan magnet permanen NdFeB yang dibentuk circulardan rectangular dengan variasi magnetik flux density 0,5; 0,8; 1,1; 1,3 Tesla pada kecepatan rotasi sekitar 260 – 540 rpm. Darihasil simulasi dan eksperimen ditunjukkan bahwa geometri magnet permanen sangat mempengaruhi dalam menghasilkanmagnetik flux density maksimum. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan adanya korelasi antara output tegangan maksimum denganmagnetik fluk density maksimum. Semakin besar magnetik fluk density dan kecepatan rotor putar (rotasi) akan menghasilkanoutput tegangan yang semakin besar.Kata kunci: generator, magnetic flux density, rotasi, voltageAbstract: In this paper, the influence of geometric shapes and magnetic flux density on the maximum Voltage (Emax) of theaxial flux permanent magnet generator has been investigated. Modeling of axial flux permanent magnet generator wasdesigned using 3D Studio Max and visual basic net express software. The simulation and experimentally were performed byusing NdFeB permanent magnet in the form of rectangular and circular shape with various Magnetic Flux Densities as 0.5,0.8, 1.1, and 1.3 Tesla at the rotation speed around 260-540 rpm. The obtained results both from simulation and experimentshow that the magnetic geometry, in this case the cross-section A, is directly proportional to the maximum magnetic flux,(Фmax). The results also showed that there was a correlation between the maximum Voltage (Emax) and the maximum magneticflux, ((Фmax). The increasing of magnetic flux density and rotor rotation increases the output voltage.Keywords: generator, magnetic flux density, rotation, voltage

scholarly journals Analytical Model of the Slotless Double-Sided Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Brushless Machines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
A. Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Magnetic Vector Potential ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Internal Rotor ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Analytical approaches, if possible, are suggested for saving the simulation time in the design stage of the electrical machines. This benefit is highlighted when the optimization issues including too many iterations are desired. Hence, this paper presents a 2-D analytical model for magnetic field distribution based on the sub-domain method in a slotless double-sided axial flux permanent-magnet (PM) brushless machines (AFPMBMs) with internal-rotor-external-stators. According to this method, the machine cross-section is divided into the appropriate number of sub-regions and the related partial differential equations (PDEs) extracted from Maxwell equations are formed for magnetic vector potential in each sub-region. Applying curl on the obtained results leads to calculating the magnetic flux density components in each sub-region. Based on the superposition theorem, the analytical procedure is utilized in the two separate steps where in the first step the magnetic flux is originated by only PMs with various magnetization patterns (i.e., parallel, ideal Halbach, 2-segment Halbach and bar magnet in shifting magnetization patterns) and the armature currents are zero. In the second step, all PMs are inactivated and only armature currents affect the magnetic flux distribution. Finally, the obtained analytical results are compared with those of the Finite element method (FEM) to confirm the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. The extracted results reveal the benefit of the analytical model for replacing instead of the FEM to predict the magnetic flux density component in the presented AFPMBMs in a shorter time.

scholarly journals 2-D Analytical Model for Predicting Magnetic Flux Distribution in Slotless Single-sided Axial Flux Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
A. Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Synchronous Machines ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines ◽  
Axial Flux

This paper estimates the magnetic flux density components in the slotless single-sided axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines (SAFPMSMs). For this purpose, a 2-D analytical model based on the sub-domain method is utilized in which the cross-section of the presented machine is divided into the seven sub-regions such as stator side exterior, stator, winding, air-gap, permanent-magnets (PMs), mover and mover side exterior. Based on the Maxwell equations, the related partial differential equations (PDEs) of magnetic flux density components are formed in each sub-region which are identified as the essential step for obtaining the machines quantities. According to the superposition theorem, two separate steps are implemented for calculating the magnetic flux density components. In the first step, open circuit analysis includes various type of magnetization patterns, i.e. parallel, ideal Halbach, 2-segment Halbach and bar magnet in shifting direction is investigated and armature currents are zero and in the second step PMs are inactive and the magnetic flux density components are originated due to only armature reaction. Eventually, 2-D finite element method (FEM) is determined to confirm the accuracy of the presented analytical approach and an acceptable agreement between the analytical and FEM models can be observed.

scholarly journals Design of a New 1D Halbach Magnet Array with Good Sinusoidal Magnetic Field by Analyzing the Curved Surface

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Guangdou Liu ◽  
Shiqin Hou ◽  
Xingping Xu ◽  
Wensheng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Sinusoidal Magnetic Field ◽  
The Magnetic Field

In the linear and planar motors, the 1D Halbach magnet array is extensively used. The sinusoidal property of the magnetic field deteriorates by analyzing the magnetic field at a small air gap. Therefore, a new 1D Halbach magnet array is proposed, in which the permanent magnet with a curved surface is applied. Based on the superposition of principle and Fourier series, the magnetic flux density distribution is derived. The optimized curved surface is obtained and fitted by a polynomial. The sinusoidal magnetic field is verified by comparing it with the magnetic flux density of the finite element model. Through the analysis of different dimensions of the permanent magnet array, the optimization result has good applicability. The force ripple can be significantly reduced by the new magnet array. The effect on the mass and air gap is investigated compared with a conventional magnet array with rectangular permanent magnets. In conclusion, the new magnet array design has the scalability to be extended to various sizes of motor and is especially suitable for small air gap applications.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF A SINGLE-PHASE RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR WITH VARIATION OF THE STATOR DIAMETER

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Prasetijo ◽  
Winasis Winasis ◽  
Priswanto Priswanto ◽  
Dadan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Wire Diameter ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Radial Flux

This study aims to observe the influence of the changing stator dimension on the air gap magnetic flux density (Bg) in the design of a single-phase radial flux permanent magnet generator (RFPMG). The changes in stator dimension were carried out by using three different wire diameters as stator wire, namely, AWG 14 (d = 1.63 mm), AWG 15 (d = 1.45 mm) and AWG 16 (d = 1.29 mm). The dimension of the width of the stator teeth (Wts) was fixed such that a larger stator wire diameter will require a larger stator outside diameter (Dso). By fixing the dimensions of the rotor, permanent magnet, air gap (lg) and stator inner diameter, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density in the air gap (Bg) can be determined. This flux density was used to calculate the phase back electromotive force (Eph). The terminal phase voltage (V∅) was determined after calculating the stator wire impedance (Z) with a constant current of 3.63 A. The study method was conducted by determining the design parameters, calculating the design variables, designing the generator dimensions using AutoCad and determining the magnetic flux density using FEMM simulation.  The results show that the magnetic flux density in the air gap and the phase back emf Eph slightly decrease with increasing stator dimension because of increasing reluctance. However, the voltage drop is more dominant when the stator coil wire diameter is smaller. Thus, a larger diameter of the stator wire would allow terminal phase voltage (V∅) to become slightly larger. With a stator wire diameter of 1.29, 1.45 and 1.63 mm, the impedance values of the stator wire (Z) were 9.52746, 9.23581 and 9.06421 Ω and the terminal phase voltages (V∅) were 220.73, 221.57 and 222.80 V, respectively. Increasing the power capacity (S) in the RFPMG design by increasing the diameter (d) of the stator wire will cause a significant increase in the percentage of the stator maximum current carrying capacity wire but the decrease in stator wire impedance is not significant. Thus, it will reduce the phase terminal voltage (V∅) from its nominal value.

scholarly journals The Air Gap and Angle Optimization in the Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor

1970 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Akuner ◽  
E. Huner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Permanent Magnet Motor ◽  
Axial Flux ◽  
Flux Change ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the axial flux permanent magnet motor and the length range of the air gap between rotors was analyzed and the appropriate length obtained. NdFeB permanent magnets were used in this study. Permanent magnets can change the characteristics of the motor's torque. However, the distance between permanent magnets and the air gap will remain constant for each magnet. The impact of different magnet angles for the axial flux permanent magnet motor and other motor parameters was examined. To this aim, the different angles and torque values of the magnetic flux density were calculated using the finite element method of analysis with the help of Maxwell 3D software. Maximum torque was obtained with magnet angles of 21°, 26°, 31.4°, and 34.4°. Additionally, an important parameter for the axial flux permanent magnet motor in terms of the air gap flux was analyzed. Minimum flux change was obtained with a magnet angle of 26°. The magnetic flux of the magnet-to-air-gap is under 0.5 tesla. Given the height of the coil, the magnet-to-air-gap distance most suitable for the axial flux permanent magnet motor was 4 mm. Ill. 11, bibl. 4, tabl. 2 (in English; abstracts in English and Lithuanian).http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.110.4.280

scholarly journals Design Analysis of a Dual Rotor Permanent Magnet Machine driven Electric Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Mohd Izzat Bin Zainuddin ◽  
CV Aravind
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Torque Density ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Outer Rotor ◽  
Electric Bike

Electric bike in urban countries such as Europe and China commonly used the brushless direct current machine (BLDC) as it able to produce high torque to transport the user from one place to another. However, BLDC torque density can’t be improving due to limitation magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet. Therefore, the performance of electric bike can’t be improved. Outer rotor BLDC machine design able to improve the torque density of the motor due to increase radius of the motor which can be explained by simple physics equation (Torque = Force x radius). However, an outer rotor machine only generates constant speed, which is not suitable for operating under tractive load condition, especially electric bike. The proposed model is a new novel of double layer outer rotor BLDCPM machine which able to amplify the magnetic flux density and improve the torque density of the machine. The mutual magnetic coupling between the inner and outer rotor of the proposed model increase the magnetic flux intensity as both of them acts as individual parts. Thus, the magnetic flux generated by both rotors are double which resulted in improving the performance of the E-bike. Designing parameters and analysing the performance of the proposed 2D model is done using FEA tools. Evaluation of the conventional and proposed model by comparing torque performance, magnetic flux density and motor constant square density. Other than that, speed torque graph also is evaluated to justify either it can operate similarly to ICE engine with gears. Two model is designed which is Single Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (SORBLDC) and Double Outer Rotor Brushless Direct Current (DORBLDC) operated with the same cases of 27 Amp current supplied to it and operate under various speed from 500 rpm to 2000 rpm. The average torque produce by the conventional and proposed model are 2.045439 Nm and 3.102648 Nm. Furthermore, improvement of the proposed model to conventional model in terms of motor constant square density by 24.92%. Therefore, the proposed model able to improve the magnetic flux by amplifying which resulted to increase the torque density of the machine. Furthermore, the speed-torque graph of the proposed machine shows similarity with speed torque graph of ICE engine. Thus, the proposed machine is suitable to operate for bike application

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