Kajian Eksperimental Pengaruh Penggantian Sebagian Semen Dengan Limbah Las Karbit Pada Mortar

The Development of residential facilities will affect the increase in needs of building materials.. Cement is one of the building materials whose raw materials come from nature. Availability of natural resources will affect the production of cement. Carbide welding waste is the remainder of the carbide reaction to water which produces acyetilene gas where 60% of the waste contains Calcium Oxide (CaO) which is the main constituent of cement. This study aims to analyze the effect of partial replacement of cement with carbide weld waste on mortar compressive strength. The study was conducted by making a mortar cube with dimensions of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm with mixed proportions of 1PC: 3PS. Variation of partial replacement of cement with carbide welding waste used as much as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that the mortar compressive strength without carbide welding waste was used as the control variable, amounting to 329.33 kg/cm2. Mortar compressive strength with the proportion of partial replacement of cement with carbide welding waste 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively are 286.38 kg/cm2, 243.42 kg/cm2, 200.47 kg/cm2, and 157.51 kg/cm2. based on pengijuan results indicate that the mortar is included in type M at a proportion of a maximum of 15% with a compressive strength of 200.47 kg/cm2 according to the minimum requirements of 175 kg/cm2.

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Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features using Stone Dust as a Partial Replacement of Sand

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.f9070.088619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 5232-5237

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Economic Growth ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Strength Test ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Test Results ◽

Stone Dust

Today’s world is always leads to development in technology as well as the economic growth though sometime these will affect the environment badly. That’s why world environmental commission coined the termed called sustainable development where development takes place without hampering the others’ needs. Concrete industry is rapidly growing industry in India which consumes lots of natural resources during the production of concrete. Here Stone dust is used as a sustainable material in place of sand partially. M25 grade of concrete has been chosen for the experiments. Different mechanical properties of concrete like compressive strength, Split tensile, flexural strength etc. and Microstructural features like SEM, EDX have been included in this study. Compressive Strength and flexural strength test results shown the increase in the strength. Sulphate Resistance Properties have been tested by curing the cubes in the MgSO4 solution and increase in weight has been observed. Similarities are found in the SEM pictures

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Old Dumped Fly Ash as a Sand Replacement in Cement Composites

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings10040067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jolanta Harasymiuk ◽

Andrzej Rudziński

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Building Materials ◽

Hydrated Lime ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Raw Material ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Cement Composites ◽

Waste Dumps

The use of industrial residues to replace natural resources for the production of building materials is economically and ecologically justified. Fly ash (FA) taken directly from electro-filters is commonly used as a cement replacement material. This is not the case, however, for old dumped fly ash (ODFA) that has been accumulating in on-site waste dumps for decades and currently has no practical use. It causes environmental degradation, which is not fully controlled by the governments of developed countries. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using ODFA as a partial replacement for sand in cement composites. ODFA replaced part of the sand mass (20% and 30%) in composites with a limited amount of cement (a cement-saving measure) and sand (saving non-renewable raw material resources). ODFA was activated by the addition of different proportions of hydrated lime, the purposes of which was to trigger a pozzolanic reaction in ODFA. The quantitative composition of the samples was chosen in such a way as to ensure the maximum durability and longevity of composites with a limited amount of cement. The 28-day samples were exposed to seawater attack for 120 days. After this period, the compressive strength of each sample series was determined. The results suggest the possibility of using ODFA with hydrated lime to lay town district road foundations and bike paths of 3.5 to 5 MPA compressive strength. What is more, these composites can be used in very aggressive environments.

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Saving Raw Materials for Cement Manufacture and Reusing an Untreated Waste from the Petrochemical Industry

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources7030056 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bruno Sena da Fonseca ◽

António Castela ◽

Rui Neves ◽

Raquel Duarte ◽

Carlos Galhano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Petrochemical Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Salt Water ◽

Chloride Penetration ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Cement Manufacture ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Performance Enhancing

This research addresses the replacement of cement by an untreated waste from the petrochemical industry. The effects of partial replacement of cement by spent fluid cracking catalyst (SFCC) on properties of mortar were determined. In this study, a series of mortar mixes was prepared with replacement ratios of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 12%. Furthermore, performance enhancing factors such as SFCC treatment or use of plasticizers were avoided. Workability, compressive strength, and durability related properties were assessed. An improvement regarding resistance to chloride penetration was observed, as well as that, when curing in salt water, the use of SFCC may be advantageous regarding compressive strength.

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Study on Light Porous Unsintered Building Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.144 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 532-533 ◽

pp. 144-148

Author(s):

Cong Cong Jiang ◽

Gou Zhong Li ◽

Qi Jin Li

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Red Mud ◽

Building Material ◽

Building Materials ◽

Thermal Conductivity Coefficient ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Broad Application

A light porous unsintered building material was prepared with red mud, fly ash, silica fume as the main raw materials, mixed with a certain amount of foam and curing agent, by the technology of casting and curing at ambient conditions. The influence of different ratio of red mud to fly ash on compressive strength was studied. The microstructure properties of light porous unsintered building material were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and then the strength mechanism was studied. The results showed that the optimum ratio of red mud to fly ash was 2:1, and for the best sample, its bulk density was 891kg•m-3, 7d and 28d compressive strength were 8.4MPa and 14.7MPa, thermal conductivity coefficient was 0.235W•(m•K)-1, which may have a broad application prospect in the building materials field.

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The Circular Model in Disposal with Municipal Waste. A Case Study of Slovakia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17061839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1839

Author(s):

Henrieta Pavolová ◽

Roman Lacko ◽

Zuzana Hajduová ◽

Zuzana Šimková ◽

Martin Rovňák

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Raw Materials ◽

National Level ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

The European Union ◽

Linear Arrangement ◽

Circular Model

Mineral resources are life and driving force of the European Union. It is gaining awareness not only in the EU dependent on imports, but also in the world. In the context of the growing population and the growing demands of economies for natural resources, this type of material management has a significant negative impact on the environment. The main aim of the study was to justify the model of circular economy on the national level, based on the disparities between the regions of Slovak republic. To meet the objective, mostly one-factor analysis was implemented. The circular model, which is based on the partial replacement of primary raw materials by secondary ones, should, on the one hand, limit the depletion of natural resources and, on the other hand, reduce the amount of waste produced. The presented work focuses on the issue of sustainable development, which is closely related to the circular economy, and then explains the circular economy model, including the differences from the linear arrangement and possible obstacles to its implementation for the specific conditions of the Slovak republic. From the results, it is clear that the proposed circular model would be helpful to improve the inefficiencies and disparities on the regional and national level.

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The use of screening of crushed granite stone for the production of building materials

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202134001004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 340 ◽

pp. 01004

Author(s):

Fedor Gorbunov ◽

Lilia Berdnikova ◽

Victor Bulgakov ◽

Alexandra Fadina ◽

Andrey Lapin

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Crushed Granite ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Pore Liquid ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials ◽

Softening Coefficient

The possibility of using technogenic raw materials – the screening of crushed stone with the addition of cullet based on a silicate binder for the production of construction materials for structural purposes is studied. By varying the processing temperature, it was possible to increase the softening coefficient of the products and to achieve the pH neutrality of their pore liquid. Products processed at a temperature of 500700 °C have the following performance characteristics: the compressive strength 16.6-31.4 MPa, the bendingstrength 3.4-5.9 MPa.

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Experimental Studies on Compressive Strength of Aerated Concrete with Varying Percentage of Aluminium Powder

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130901197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 309 ◽

pp. 01197

Author(s):

G.V.V. Satyanarayana ◽

A. Ranjith

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Aluminium Powder ◽

Aerated Concrete ◽

Lime Powder ◽

By Products

Today the disposal of various by-product materials is a concern against the environment, these are producing due to rapid industrial growth in our country. Most of the researchers are focused on the utilization of these by-products in the civil engineering construction industry. By using these by-products, on one hand, will protect the environment and other hands the disposal problem will be solved. Day by day the requirement of building materials increased due to urbanization, due to this more raw materials are required and depleted the natural resources. In this contest, environmental protection is need to protect incremental temperature in nature. To avoid these problems of the modern era, aggregation of these by-products can be used as one of building material and to overcome this situation, Aerated concrete is one of the solutions by reducing the raw material quantity in concrete like sand and cement by introducing air without compromising in the volume. Day to day aerated concrete has become popular due to lightweight and high insulation against temperature and sound. This concrete is using in high raised buildings to reduce the self-weight of building to protect during earthquake situations. In this experimental study mainly performed the compressive strength of aerated concrete with replacement of sand by quarry dust. Also reducing the cement content with replacement of fly ash, GGBS and lime powder at various percentages that is ranging. the performance of aerated concrete was observed more satisfactory when compared with and without replacement of above-saided materials.

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Strength Behavior of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Ceramic Powder

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b3366.078219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 5712-5718 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Building Materials ◽

Ceramic Industry ◽

Concrete Strength ◽

Ceramic Powder ◽

Raw Material ◽

Flexural Behavior ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Fine Aggregates

Concrete is currently the world's biggest consumer product that uses natural resources such as sand, crushed stone, and water. Research is under way today to decrease consumption of these materials, due to the depletion of these natural resources for concretion. The fast building growth in India led to a lack of standard building materials. The amount of concrete used and the accessibility of raw material in a developed country such as India are much lower. Ceramics produce wastes inevitably in the ceramic industry, regardless of improved processes; around 15%-30% of production is waste output. The ceramic industry dumps waste in all surrounding storage or empty regions close to the facility, although reported locations are labelled for discarding. The pollution of the dust and the occupation of a broad area of soil is caused by serious environmental contamination especially after the powder is dry. Ceramic dust is the most important waste from the ceramic industry. This paper investigates concrete strength features through fractional substitution of fine aggregates with ceramic powder. The fine aggregate was partly combined with ceramic powders in the current experimental study for M25 concrete grade. The tests were performed with 10 percent, 30 percent, 40 percent, 50 percent substitution of fine aggregates with ceramic powder by weight and 28 days of strength testing to evaluate the mechanical characteristics i.e.; compression, tension, and flexural behavior. The optimum proportion of ceramic powder addition is evaluated in view of the mechanical requirements of concrete

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Waste tires and the burning of sugarcane bagasse in the manufacture of concrete pavers (pavers)

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952019000300010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 608-637

Author(s):

S. P. S. ALTOÉ ◽

A. SALES ◽

C. H. MARTINS

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Abrasion Resistance ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Natural Sand ◽

Small Aggregate ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Abstract The research developed has the purpose of analyzing the potential utilization of sugarcane bagasse ash and tire residue in the construction of pavers in replacement of the small aggregate, the natural sand. In order to achieve this objective, the methodology adopted includes steps such as: characterization of the residues to be used, preparation of pavers with different contents of partial replacement of small aggregates, determination of the main pavers characteristics (compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance) . The results proved the viability of the substitution, and the optimum content for the manufacturing of the parts is 27%, being 25% of BCC and 2% of tires. The contribution of the research is focused on reducing the consumption of natural resources and the correct disposal of the residues studied.

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Wood Bottom Ash and GeoSilex: A By-Product of the Acetylene Industry as Alternative Raw Materials in Calcium Silicate Units

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13020489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 489

Author(s):

Manuel Angel Felipe-Sesé ◽

Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽

Eulogio Castro ◽

Dolores Eliche-Quesada

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Experimental Program ◽

Environmental Costs

The main objective of this research was to obtain calcium silicate units from alternative raw materials, such as the bottom ashes from the combustion of wooden boards (WBA), as a source of silica, and GeoSilex (G), a by-product with low energy and environmental costs generated in the manufacture of acetylene, as a source of lime. Once the raw materials were physically, mineralogically and chemically characterized, calcium silicate units were obtained by mixing different amounts of WBA residue (90–20 wt%) and G by-product (10–80 wt%). The mixtures were compressed at 10 MPa and cured in water for 28 days. The calcium silicate units were subjected to a wide experimental program that included the determination of physical properties (bulk density, apparent porosity and water absorption), mechanical properties (compressive strength), and thermal properties (thermal conductivity). Optimum values are obtained for calcium silicate units that contain a 1/1 WBA/G weight ratio, which have an optimal amount of SiO2 and CaO for the cementation reaction. The 50WBA-50g units have compressive strength values of 46.9 MPa and a thermal conductivity value of 0.40 W/mK. However, all calcium silicate units obtained comply with the European Standard EN 771-2: 2011 to be used as structural building materials.

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