scholarly journals BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA SEED OIL: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATE EMISSION FROM BIODIESEL FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Phuong Nu Thanh Ton ◽  
Hai Viet Le ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Jatropha Seed

This research focused on BDF production from Jatropha seed oil and evaluation of its exhaust gas on the diesel engine in order to produce and confirm the environmental benefit of BDF. This report showed the results of research on BDF production from Jatropha seed oil and engine emissions from blend of diesel fuel and BDF from Jatropha oil. A maximum of 78% biodiesel yield was found at 2.25%w/w catalyst KOH, the optimum molar ratio of Jatropha oil to methanol of 1:6, at a reaction temperature of 550C in 45 minutes. The use of BDF blends in conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction in emission of hydrocarbon CxHy, carbon monoxide CO and sulfates SO2, whereas NOx emission increases a little. The reason for reducing of CxHy, CO and SO2 emission and increasing NOx emission with biodiesel mixtures was mainly due to the presence of oxygen in their molecular structure.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

Heterogeneous Microwave Irradiation Biodiesel Processing of Jatropha Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Ahmed Bakheit Elhameed
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Reaction Parameters

This paper investigated the three critical reaction parameters including catalyst concentration, microwave exit power and reaction time for the transesterification process of jatropha curcas oil using microwave irradiation. The work is an attempt to reduce the production cost of biodiesel. Similar quantities of methanol to oil molar ratio 6:1 and calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst were used. The results showed that the best yield percentage 96% was obtained using 300W microwave exit power, 8 %wt CaO and 7 min. The methyl ester FAME obtained was within the standard of biodiesel fuel.

scholarly journals Studies on biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil in Cambodia by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Chhoun Vi Thun ◽  
Quan Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Astm D6751

Different technologies are currently available for biodiesel production from various kinds of lipid containing feedstock. Among them, the alkaline-catalyzed methods are the most widely studied. However, here are several disadvantages related to biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts such as generation of wastewater, catalyst deactivation, difficulty in the separation of biodiesel from catalyst and glycerin, etc. To limit the problems mentioned above, in this study, biodiesel is produced by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH. The effect of experimental variables (the molar ratio ethanol/oil of 41.18:1 – 46.82:1, reaction times of 50 - 90 minutes and reaction temperatures of 2750C - 2950C) on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The 96% yield of Cambodia biodiesel of reaction between C2H5OH and Jatropha Oil at 46:1 at temperature 2900C at 60 minutes no using catalysts. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the International Standard ASTM D6751 for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

scholarly journals Performance of Jatropha Oil-based Biodiesel Fuel in a Single-cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
H.H Win
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Studies on alternative fuels have been active in Myanmar because the rapid mechanization of the agricultural sector demands higher diesel consumption. Jatropha oil-based biodiesel is one of the potential alternatives because of the relative ease of growing and producing this plant. In this study, both the experimental and theoretical analyses of Jatropha oil-based B20 biodiesel wereperformed and compared with conventional diesel. First, B20 was prepared by the base-catalyzed transesterification of the oil and its properties were measured. Second, separate performance tests were conducted on diesel and the biodiesel fuel using a LEYER-16 diesel engine. The speed range of interest was between 1000 r.p.m and 2000 r.p.m. Third, performance simulations were done in MATLAB using an algorithm written based on the theory of the engine operating cycle and air/ fuel compositions. Both experimental and simulation results show that there were no significant differences in the brake power and thermal efficiency of the engine between using diesel and the B20 diesel. However, fuel consumption when using B20 was slightly higher than that of diesel. This difference was marginal and it can be concluded that engine performance characteristics are the same for both diesel and B20 suggesting that B20 has great potential to be used as a substitute for diesel.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MIXING ON THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM NEEM SEED OIL USING METHANOL AND HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
F. Sini ◽  
I. M Atadashi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel was prepared through alkali-catalysed transesterification of neem seed oil using sodium hydroxide as catalyst and ethanol. This process of was carried out firstly throuch eserification and then via transesterification. The process was carried out by varying stirring speed (350, 450, 550, 650, 750 and 850 rpm.) and keeping other variables constant (temperature of 60oC, catalyst concentration of 1w/w%  and 6:1 oil to ethanol molar ratio). In this research work, a yield of 93w/w% was achieved at the stirring speed of 850 rpm. It was observed that the viscosity (3.73mm2/s at 400C) of neem oil methylester generated was within the limit (2-6mm2/s) specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials Standards. The density of neem biodiesel at ambient temperature (250C) was found to be 0.85g/ml, which is exactly close to the density of diesel (0.83g/ml). The Flash Point of the neem oil biodiesel produced was 153.60C which above the ASTM D6751 minimum standards for biodiesel fuel of 130oC. Furthermore, Neem oil biodiesel has a pour point of -40C and a cloud point of 20C. These values clearly indicate that the use of neem oil methyl esters in colder regions is limited. However, this value is also indicative of the high potential of this fuel as biodiesel particularly in Northern Nigeria where temperature is always above 20oC, a temperature at which the oil is fluid.

Extraction of Phytosterols from Jatropha Seed Oil by the Saponification and Acid Hydrolysis Method in Chemical Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Yu Liu ◽  
Hua Lu ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Li Jie Sun ◽  
Shu Yu Ge
Keyword(s):  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Orthogonal Array Design ◽  
Array Design ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Jatropha Seed

In this paper by means of orthogonal array design, the effect of sulphuric acid, time, temperature on the extraction rate of phytosterols was discussed with chemical technology. The optimal parameters for extracting phytosterols of Jatropha oil were as follows: 25g Jatropha oil with 0.25mL sulphuric acid by the 3.5h extraction at 55°C. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of phytosterols was up to 199mg/10g.

NOx Emissions From a Diesel Engine Fueled With Natural Gas

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tao ◽  
K. B. Hodgins ◽  
P. G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Equilibrium Concentration ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Nox Emissions

The performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine fueled with direct injection of natural gas entrained with pilot diesel ignition enhancer have been measured. The thermal efficiency of the optimum gas-diesel operation was shown to exceed that of the conventional diesel at full load, but to be less at part load where the ignition delay was excessive. At high load, where the NOx emission problem is most serious, substantial reduction in NOx emission rate was obtained with delay of injection timing and also with use of exhaust gas recirculation. Measured cylinder pressures were used with a three-zone combustion model to determine ignition delay and the temperatures of the burned gas. The predicted NOx emissions based on equilibrium concentration of NO at the maximum burned gas temperature were found to correlate closely with exhaust pipe measurements of NOx.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of Diesel Engine Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics with Diesel and Pumpkin Seed Oil Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1294-1299
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Oil Blends ◽  
Pumpkin Seed Oil

In the current study, the primary components used are pumpkin seed oil biodiesel with diesel was tested in diesel engine and its performance, exhaust emissions, and its effects were observed. The pumpkin seed oil that is used to produce biodiesel undergoes transesterification process along with ethanol, sulphuricacid ,andNaOH catalysts . With blends like B0,B20,B40,B60,B80,and B100, the test on engine performance is obtained, and the reports exposed that, B40 is overlying blend among the other biodiesel blends. In addition, to enhance the performance characteristics of B20,B60,B80 by volume was combined with B40 blend. Due to lower heating characteristics of biodiesel, the observations of BTE for B40 is 4.6% lower than diesel. But the observations of BSFC for B40 is 7.3% higher than diesel. The heat emission rate ofB20,B40,andB60 are almost identical to diesel fuel ,apace with ,at higher loads B40 emitted37.5%less CO and NOx emission was raised at the rate of 95% when correlated to diesel fuel. However, It is observed that there is no major difference not much difference in the emissions (HC, NO, andCO) and characteristics of the engine when using the diesel fuel and Pumpkin seed biodiesel fuel blends

EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AND EGR APPLICATION OF BLENDED FUELS WITH BDF AND OXYGENATE (DMM) IN A DIESEL ENGINE

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (15n16) ◽  
pp. 2850-2855 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEUNG-HUN CHOI ◽  
YOUNG-TAIG OH
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Blended Fuels

In this study, the possibility of biodiesel fuel and oxygenated fuel (dimethoxy methane ; DMM) was investigated as an alternative fuel for a naturally aspirated direct injection diesel engine. The smoke emission of blending fuel (biodiesel fuel 90vol-% + DMM 10vol-%) was reduced approximately 70% at 2500rpm, full load in comparison with the diesel fuel. But, engine power and brake specific energy consumption showed no significant differences. But, NOx emission of biodiesel fuel and DMM blended fuel increased compared with commercial diesel fuel due to the oxygen component in the fuel. It was needed a NOx reduction counter plan that EGR method was used as a countermeasure for NOx reduction. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with BDF (95 vol-%) and DMM (5 vol-%) blended fuel and cooled EGR method (15%).

scholarly journals Tribological Characterization of the Jatropha Oil with hBN as an Additive

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10S2) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Characteristics ◽  
Test Speed ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Jatropha Seed ◽  
Tribological Characterization

This study proposes the wear characteristics of the jatropha oil consisting ofhBNas nanoparticles. During the test, speed was varied at different rpm. The nanoparticles of 0.3% to 1.2% was mixed to the jatropha seed oil. All the experiment was accomplished on pin on disc tribometer. It has been observed that the nanoparticles of 0.6% ratio shows minimum coefficiecnt of friction and wear during all conditions. In terms of sliding speed, maximum wear of the material occurred at lower speeds for all the samples.

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