scholarly journals Evaluating trihalomethanes in tap water and swimming pool water at Ho Chi Minh city

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-245
Author(s):  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen ◽  
Tien Hoang Thuy Le ◽  
Long Chau Kim ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are byproducts of the process of disinfecting water with chlorine, in which, 4 compounds are most interested such as chloroform (CF), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM) and bromoform (BF). These DBPs even at very low concentrations pose harmful health effects. These health risks may include cancers, reproductive disorders, birth defects and miscarriage. This study evaluates the 4 THMs in water supplied at 6 districts of Ho Chi Minh City and in swimming pool water at Tan Binh district. All samples were extracted by using liquid- liquid extraction method with n-hexane: diisopropylether (1:1) before analyzing by GC-ECD. The results showed that 4/4 THMs were found in water samples and 2/4 THMs (chloroform and bromodichloromethane) were found in swimming pool water samples. The results showed that there are differences in the THMs levels between sampling site. The average concentration of THMs in supplied water was 31.40 ±29.23 μg.L-1 (20 – 110 μg.L-1), in swimming pool water was 109.78 ± 15.21 μg.L-1 (90 – 140 μg.L-1). The sampling site which has the highest average concentration is Tan Phu district (102.45 ± 16.0 μg.L-1) and the lowest is district 1 (23.74 ± 1.92 μg.L-1). The results showed that the concentration of THMs in the supplied water and swimming pool water does not exceed the limit of national technical regulation on drinking water quality (QCVN 01: 2009/BYT), however, the chloroform concentration of some sampling sites exceeds the limit given by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

scholarly journals Perchlorate Levels in Polish Water Samples of Various Origin

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Przemysław Niziński ◽  
Patrycja Wiśniewska ◽  
Joanna Kończyk ◽  
Rajmund Michalski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Perchlorate ion (ClO4−) is known as a potent endocrine disruptor and exposure to this compound can result in serious health issues. It has been found in drinking water, swimming pools, and surface water in many countries, however, its occurrence in the environment is still poorly understood. The information on perchlorate contamination of Polish waters is very limited. The primary objective of this study was to assess ClO4− content in bottled, tap, river, and swimming pool water samples from different regions of Poland and provide some data on the presence of perchlorate. We have examined samples of bottled, river, municipal, and swimming pool water using the IC–CD (ion chromatography–conductivity detection) method. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.43 µg/L and 1.42 µg/L, respectively, and they were both above the current health advisory levels in drinking water. The concentration of perchlorate were found to be 3.12 µg/L in one river water sample and from 6.38 to 8.14 µg/L in swimming pool water samples. Importantly, the level of perchlorate was below the limit of detection (LOD) in all bottled water samples. The results have shown that the determined perchlorate contamination in Polish drinking waters seems to be small, nevertheless, further studies are required on surface and river samples. The inexpensive, fast, and sensitive IC–CD method used in this study allowed for a reliable determination of perchlorate in the analyzed samples. To the best of our knowledge, there are no other studies seeking to assess the perchlorate content in Polish waters.

scholarly journals Optimization of HS-SPME analytical conditions using factorial design for trihalomethanes determination in swimming pool water samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Maia ◽  
Manuela Correia ◽  
Isabel M. Brás Pereira ◽  
Vitorino M. Beleza
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

scholarly journals Cancer Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes Exposure in Tap and Swimming Pool Water in Kuantan Hotel

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
M.E.S. Marekan ◽  
A.A. Suhaimi ◽  
N.M. Hussin ◽  
R.A. Romzay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Acceptable Risk ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

Chlorination is a common disinfection method for tap and swimming pool water as it is the most effective and low-cost method compared with others. The purpose of the study was to assess cancer risk of THMs exposure in tap and swimming pool water in Kuantan hotels. Temperature and pH were analyzed as an in-situ measurement while the rest of the parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water analyzed from Hotel X are 1.23ug/L and 1.35ug/L for CHCl3 respectively and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The concentration of four forms of THMs in tap and swimming pool water at Hotel Y are 1.25ug/L and 1.18ug/L respectively for CHCl3 and none for the CHCl2Br, CHClBr2 and CHBr3. The cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel X are 1.6 x 10- 5 for tap water, 1.9 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 2.0 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water while cancer risk from exposure to THMs at Hotel Y are 1.7 x 10-5 for tap water, 1.6 x 10-5 for swimming pool water and 1.19 x 10-4 for both tap and swimming pool water.Thus, it shows that, it is in range of acceptable risk.

scholarly journals Staphylococci in swimming pool water

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Crone ◽  
G. H. Tee
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Filtration Technique ◽  
Different Parts

SUMMARYDuring a period of five years 1192 water samples from swimming pools were examined for staphylococci and 338 for coliform organisms only. Eighty-nine different pools were sampled.Numbers of staphylococci, estimated by the membrane filtration technique did not bear any significant relation to either bathing load or concentration of free chlorine.Wide variation in the staphylococcal count was observed when different parts of a pool were sampled on the same occasion.The only practicable standard for pool samples in relation to staphylococci would appear to be that these organisms should be absent from 100 ml. water when the pool has been out of use during at least ten hours before sampling if filtration and chlorination are adequate.

scholarly journals Determination of Micropollutants in Water Samples from Swimming Pool Systems

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lempart ◽  
Edyta Kudlek ◽  
Mariusz Dudziak
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Available Information

The present study investigated the occurrence of selected micropollutants, including emerging contaminants from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water samples from swimming pool systems. The study area was selected based on the lack of available information regarding suspected contamination of swimming pool water by PPCPs. The variety and concentration of chemical compounds in these aquatic systems can be quite diversified, presenting a challenge in terms of both purification and quality control. Determination of PPCPs requires very sensitive analytical methods that make it possible to confirm the presence of tested compounds in a complex organic extract. In this field, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) can be used. With this system, selected ion monitoring can be performed, which reduces the detection limits of the investigated analyte. This paper aims to present an analytical method and strategy that can be adapted to obtain information on the composition of water in swimming pool systems. The sample preparation methodology, including Solid Phase Extraction, has been developed for the trace determination of two pharmaceuticals—caffeine, carbamazepine—and one sunscreen constituent—benzophenone-3—in swimming pool water samples.

scholarly journals The effect of saline on the eye irritation caused by swimming-pool water

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnar Rylander ◽  
Katarina Victorin ◽  
Stefan Sörensen
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Irritation ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

SUMMARYIn laboratory experiments the acute eye irritation produced by exposure to tap water was not significantly increased when chlorine compounds were added to the water at concentrations of 1 mg./l. The greatest irritation was produced by 2 mg. Cl2/1. as NH2C1. The addition of NaCl at concentrations above about 0·5% abolished the irritant effect of tap water, and prevented irritation even when 1 mg. Cl2/1. was present.In a field experiment involving two swimming baths, one with fresh and the other with saline water (0·5 % NaCl), eye irritation in the saline bath was significantly lower than in the freshwater bath only when the swimming time did not exceed 30 min.

scholarly journals Genotyping and phylogenic study of Acanthamoeba isolates from human keratitis and swimming pool water samples in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e00164
Author(s):  
Bahman Rahimi Esboei ◽  
Mahdi Fakhar ◽  
Reza Saberi ◽  
Mohammad Barati ◽  
Masoumeh Moslemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

scholarly journals SINTESIS HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA PADA PENGOLAHAN AIR KOLAM RENANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTRODESINFEKTAN DENGAN ELEKTRODA TITANIUM DAN GRAFIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suyanta Suyanta ◽  
Fika Deni Utari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electric Potential ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Graphite Electrodes ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Swimming Pool Water

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensial dan waktu optimum proses elektrodesinfektan air kolam renangserta mengetahui kualitas air kolam renang berdasarkan parameter kadar hidrogen peroksida, pH dan TDS setelah proses elektrodesinfektan berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017.Optimasi potensial listrik menggunakan variasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 volt. Optimasi waktu yang digunakan adalah variasi 0,5; 1; 2; 3; dan 4 jam. Sampel dianalisis untuk mengetahui kadar hidrogen peroksida, pH dan TDS air kolam renang berturut-turut menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis, pH meter dan TDS meter.Berdasarkan penelitian potensial optimumproses elektrodesinfektan sebesar 10 volt, sedangkan waktu optimum selama 4 jam dengan hidrogen peroksida yang dihasilkan sebesar 68,05 mg/L. Kualitas air kolam renang berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017 dikatakan baik karena memenuhi standar kualitas air kolam renang yaitu kadar hidrogrn peroksida kurang dari 0,3%, pH antara 7-7,8 serta nilai TDS air kolam renang turun dari 219 menjadi 216. Kata kunci: elektrodesinfektan, hidrogen peroksida, pH, TDS, elektroda titanium dan grafit. Abstract               This study aims to determine the level of hydrogen peroxide produced from electrodesinfection process in pool water samples and determine pool water quality based on the parameters of hydrogen peroxide, pH and TDS after electrodesinfection process based on RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017.Electric potential optimization uses variations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 volts. The time optimization used a variation of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Determinaton of hydrogen peroxide levels, pH and TDS of pool water respectively using the spectrophotometer UV-Vis, pH meter, and TDS meter.The optimum potential and optimum time of electrodesinfection process at 10 volts and 4 hours with hydrogen peroxide up to 68,05 mg/L. Swimming pool water quality based on RI Minister of Health Regulation No. 32/MENKES/PER/VI/2017 are said to be good because the hydrogen peroxide level <0,3%, the pH of pool water between 7-7.8 and the TDS are decreased from 219 to 216. Keyword: electrodesinfection, hydrogen peroxide, pH, TDS, titanium and graphite electrodes.

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