scholarly journals Air emission inventory and application TAPM-AERMOD models to study air quality from 34 ports in Ho Chi Minh City

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Khue Hoang Ngoc Vu ◽  
Thanh Thi Nguyet Pham ◽  
Bang Quoc Ho ◽  
Tam Thoai Nguyen ◽  
Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
The South ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Port Area ◽  
The Impact

The port system of Ho Chi Minh City including 34 ports, serves as the gateway to the South (including the South East and the Mekong Delta) in export and import activities. In which contribute a huge amount of pollutants to the atmosphere in Ho Chi Minh City. The objective of this study is to: (i) Calculating air emissions from ports system in Ho Chi Minh city using the SPDGIZ model which emits a large amount of air pollutants such as sulfur oxide (SOX), nitrogen oxide (NOX), fine dust (PM2.5, PM10), volatile organic compounds (VOC), carbon monoxide (CO) from large ships (Ocean going vessels - OGVs), towing ships (Harbor Crafts - HCs), cargo handling equipment (Cargo handling equipment - CHE) and other vehicles (Heavy trucks – HVs); (ii) Using dispersion model TAPM-AERMOD to assess the impact of port operations to air quality in surouding port area; (iii) Proposing abatement measures based on the results of simulation to reduce emissions/ air pollution levels. The results of emission inventory show that the total port emissions are largely NOX and SOX mainly from large ships (OGVs) and cargo handling equipment (CHE) due to the use of heavy oil and diesel which have high sulfur content. The results show that the time at which a mooring boat is the most time consuming (accounting for over 90% of total emissions from OGVs).

scholarly journals Association of temporary Environmental Protection Agency regulation suspension with industrial economic viability and local air quality in California, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chang ◽  
Kenneth Zhang ◽  
Margaret Paczkowski ◽  
Sara Kohler ◽  
Marco Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background This study seeks to answer two questions about the impacts of the 2020 Environmental Protection Agency’s enforcement regulation rollbacks: is this suspension bolstering the economic viability of industries as oil and manufacturing executives claim they will and are these regulations upholding the agency’s mission of protecting the environment? Results To answer the former question, we utilized 6 months of state employment level data from California, United States, as a method of gauging the economic health of agency-regulated industries. We implemented a machine learning model to predict weekly employment data and a t-test to indicate any significant changes in employment. We found that, following California's state-issued stay-at-home order and the agency’s regulation suspension, oil and certain manufacturing industries had statistically significant lower employment values. To answer the latter question, we used 10 years of PM2.5 levels in California, United States, as a metric for local air quality and treatment–control county pairs to isolate the impact of regulation rollbacks from the impacts of the state lockdown. Using the agency’s data, we performed a t-test to determine whether treatment–control county pairs experienced a significant change in PM2.5 levels. Even with the statewide lockdown—a measure we hypothesized would correlate with decreased mobility and pollution levels—in place, counties with oil refineries experienced the same air pollution levels when compared to historical data averaged from the years 2009 to 2019. Conclusions In contrast to the expectation that the suspension would improve the financial health of the oil and manufacturing industry, we can conclude that these industries are not witnessing economic growth with the suspension and state shutdown in place. Additionally, counties with oil refineries could be taking advantage of these rollbacks to continue emitting the same amount of PM2.5, in spite of state lockdowns. For these reasons, we ask international policymakers to reconsider the suspension of enforcement regulations as these actions do not fulfill their initial expectations. We recommend the creation and maintenance of pollution control and prevention programs that develop emission baselines, mandate the construction of pollution databases, and update records of pollution emissions.

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment of Mercury and Its Compounds by Dispersion Modeling: A Case Study in the Sea of Japan Coastal Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S6551
Author(s):  
Khandakar Habib Al Razi ◽  
Moritomi Hiroshi ◽  
Kambara Shinji
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
The Impact

In Japan, mercury and its compounds were categorized as hazardous air pollutants in 1996 and are on the list of “Substances Requiring Priority Action” published by the Central Environmental Council of Japan. The Air Quality Management Division of the Environmental Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan, selected the current annual mean environmental air quality standard for mercury and its compounds of 0.04 μg/m3. Long-term exposure to mercury and its compounds can have a carcinogenic effect, inducing eg, Minamata disease. This study evaluates the impact of mercury emissions on air quality in the coastal area of the Sea of Japan. Average yearly emission of mercury from an elevated point source in this area with background concentration and one-year meteorological data were used to predict the ground level concentration of mercury. The annual mean concentration distribution of mercury and its compounds were calculated for the middle part of Honshu Island, which served as a background level of mercury concentration for the coastal are of the Sea of Japan. To estimate the concentration of mercury and its compounds in air of the local area, two different simulation models have been used. The first is the National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology Atmospheric Dispersion Model for Exposure and Risk Assessment (AIST-ADMER) that estimates regional atmospheric concentration and distribution. The second is the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Low Rise Industrial Source Dispersion Model (METI-LIS) that estimates the atmospheric concentration distribution in the vicinity of facilities.

scholarly journals The impact of measures to reduce road dust, evaluated for a street canyon in Helsinki

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mari Kauhaniemi ◽  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Kaarle Kupiainen ◽  
Ari Karppinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract. We have evaluated numerically how effective a few selected measures would be for reducing road dust. The selected measures included the reduction of the use of studded tyres in light-duty vehicles and phasing-out of salt or sand in traction control. We have evaluated these measures for a street canyon location in central Helsinki, for four years (2007–2009 and 2014). Air quality measurements were conducted in the street canyon for two years, 2009 and 2014. Two road dust emission models, NORTRIP and FORE, were applied in combination with the street canyon dispersion model OSPM to compute the street increments of PM10 within the street canyon. The predicted concentrations were compared with the air quality measurements. Both models reproduced the seasonal variability of the PM10 concentrations but under-predicted the yearly mean values. It was found that the largest reductions of concentrations could potentially be achieved by reducing the fraction of vehicles that use studded tyres. For instance, a 30 % percent decrease in the number of vehicles using studded tyres would result in an average decrease of the non-exhaust increment of PM10 from 10 to 22 %, depending on the model used and the year considered. The corresponding decrease after removal of sanding and salting would be from 4 % and 20 % and from 0.1 % to 4 %, respectively. The results can be used for finding optimal strategies for reducing the high springtime particulate matter concentrations originated from road dust.

scholarly journals Are contributions of emissions to ozone a matter of scale? – a study using MECO(n) (MESSy v2.50)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Mertens ◽  
Astrid Kerkweg ◽  
Volker Grewe ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Robert Sausen
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Model Resolution ◽  
Regional Models ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apportionment Methods

Abstract. Anthropogenic and natural emissions influence the tropospheric ozone budget, thereby affecting air quality and climate. To study the influence of different emission sources on the ozone budget, often source apportionment studies with a tagged tracer approach are performed. Studies investigating air quality issues usually rely on regional models with a fine spatial resolution, while studies focusing on climate-related questions often use coarsely resolved global models. It is well known that simulated ozone mixing ratios depend on the resolution of the model and the resolution of the emission inventory. Whether the contributions simulated using source apportionment approaches also depend on the model resolution, however, is still unclear. Therefore, this study attempts for the first time to analyse the impact of the model, the model resolution, and the emission inventory resolution on simulated ozone contributions using a diagnostic tagging method. The differences in the ozone contributions caused by these factors are compared with differences that arise from the usage of different emission inventories. To do so, we apply the MECO(n) (MESSy-fied ECHAM and COSMO models nested n times) model system which couples online a global chemistry-climate model with a regional chemistry-climate model equipped with a tagging scheme for source apportionment. The results of the global model (at 300 km horizontal resolution) are compared with the results of the regional model at 50 km (Europe) and 12 km (Germany) resolutions. Besides model-specific differences and biases that are discussed in detail, our results have important implications for other modelling studies and modellers applying source apportionment methods. First, contributions from anthropogenic emissions averaged over the continental scale are quite robust with respect to the model, model resolution, and emission inventory resolution. Second, differences on the regional scale caused by different models and model resolutions can be quite large, and regional models are indispensable for source apportionment studies on the subcontinental scale. Third, contributions from stratospheric ozone transported to the surface differ strongly between the models, mainly caused by differences in the efficiency of the vertical mixing. As stratospheric ozone plays an important role for ground level ozone, but the models show large differences in the amount of downward transported ozone, source apportionment methods should account for this source explicitly to better understand inter-model differences.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10549
Author(s):  
Marinella Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co Concentrations

The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.

Air pollution emission inventory and air quality modeling for Can Tho City, Mekong Delta, Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Quoc Bang ◽  
Vu Hoang Ngoc Khue ◽  
Nguyen Thoai Tam ◽  
Kristofer Lasko
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Air Quality Modeling ◽  
Pollution Emission ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Can Tho City

Air Pollution and Seasonality Effects on Mode Choice in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2634 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibo Li ◽  
Maria Kamargianni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mode Choice ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

A modal shift from motorized to nonmotorized vehicles is imperative to reduce air pollution in developing countries. Nevertheless, whether better air quality will improve the willingness to use nonmotorized transport remains unclear. If such a reciprocal effect could be identified, a sort of virtuous circle could be created (i.e., better air quality could result in higher nonmotorized transport demand, which in turn could further reduce air pollution). Developing countries may, therefore, be more incentivized to work on air pollution reduction from other sources to exploit the extra gains in urban transport. This study investigated the impact of air pollution on mode choices and whether nonmotorized transport was preferred when air quality was better. Revealed preference data about the mode choice behavior of the same individuals was collected during two seasons (summer and winter) with different air pollution levels. Two discrete mode choice models were developed (one for each season) to quantify and compare the impacts of different air pollution levels on mode choices. Trip and socioeconomic characteristics also were included in the model to identify changes in their impacts across seasons. Taiyuan, a Chinese city that operates a successful bikesharing scheme, was selected for a case study. The study results showed that air quality improvement had a significant, positive impact on nonmotorized transport use, which suggested that improvements in air quality and promotion of nonmotorized transport must be undertaken simultaneously because of their interdependence. The results of the study could act as a harbinger to policy makers and encourage them to design measures and policies that lead to sustainable travel behavior.

scholarly journals The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 10667-10686
Author(s):  
Martin O. P. Ramacher ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Jana Moldanová ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Matthias Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Port Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from the global to the local scale. Ships emit substantial amounts of sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides, and particulate matter in the vicinity of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in harbour cities. Reductions in emissions due to shipping have been targeted by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus, it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of shipping activities on air quality, population exposure, and health effects in the future. We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity in the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population-weighted concentrations, and health effects related to NO2, PM2.5, and O3. The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios; for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.

scholarly journals Air and Seawater Quality Assessment Around Selected Area in Panjang Port Lampung Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 761-765
Author(s):  
Agus Salim ◽  
Nunung Isnaini Dwi Ningsih ◽  
Albertus Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

The port area is a diverse business district, both industry and other activities. Even though it is positioned far from residential areas, the impact of its activities indirectly still reaches the surrounding community. The environmental conditions of the port area need to be controlled routinely so that their management does not violate applicable regulations. Environmental management is needed so that risks arising from all activities can be controlled. Panjang Port as one of the well-developed fuel storage terminals as part of the Pelindo II region. This study has been designed to assess air quality and seawater quality around Panjang Port, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Several air quality parameters and marine water quality parameters were monitored from 2011 to 2013. The air quality sampling conducted in the fuel storage tank area and chemicals as well as supporting facilities. The air quality parameters are SO2, NO2, O3, CO, H2S, and dust. The results of data analysis showed several air quality parameters such as SO2, NO2, O3, dust, H2S, and NH3 are below the threshold of minimum quality standard. Only the CO parameter tends to increase semester to semester. The seawater quality parameters include physical, chemical, and biological quality. Almost the physical quality parameters are below the quality standard, thus the chemical quality too, except the pH and TSS tends to higher than a quality standard. In general, these studies on air quality and seawater quality at the Panjang Port have been carried out well and the results show that the environmental conditions for the Panjang Port area are still quite good, only it is recommended to add a green area around the site.

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