scholarly journals Air and Seawater Quality Assessment Around Selected Area in Panjang Port Lampung Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 761-765
Author(s):  
Agus Salim ◽  
Nunung Isnaini Dwi Ningsih ◽  
Albertus Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

The port area is a diverse business district, both industry and other activities. Even though it is positioned far from residential areas, the impact of its activities indirectly still reaches the surrounding community. The environmental conditions of the port area need to be controlled routinely so that their management does not violate applicable regulations. Environmental management is needed so that risks arising from all activities can be controlled. Panjang Port as one of the well-developed fuel storage terminals as part of the Pelindo II region. This study has been designed to assess air quality and seawater quality around Panjang Port, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. Several air quality parameters and marine water quality parameters were monitored from 2011 to 2013. The air quality sampling conducted in the fuel storage tank area and chemicals as well as supporting facilities. The air quality parameters are SO2, NO2, O3, CO, H2S, and dust. The results of data analysis showed several air quality parameters such as SO2, NO2, O3, dust, H2S, and NH3 are below the threshold of minimum quality standard. Only the CO parameter tends to increase semester to semester. The seawater quality parameters include physical, chemical, and biological quality. Almost the physical quality parameters are below the quality standard, thus the chemical quality too, except the pH and TSS tends to higher than a quality standard. In general, these studies on air quality and seawater quality at the Panjang Port have been carried out well and the results show that the environmental conditions for the Panjang Port area are still quite good, only it is recommended to add a green area around the site.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of long-term exposure to fine particulate matter on mortality among the elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (29) ◽  
pp. eaba5692 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wu ◽  
D. Braun ◽  
J. Schwartz ◽  
M. A. Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
F. Dominici
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Standards

Many studies link long-term fine particle (PM2.5) exposure to mortality, even at levels below current U.S. air quality standards (12 micrograms per cubic meter). These findings have been disputed with claims that the use of traditional statistical approaches does not guarantee causality. Leveraging 16 years of data—68.5 million Medicare enrollees—we provide strong evidence of the causal link between long-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality under a set of causal inference assumptions. Using five distinct approaches, we found that a decrease in PM2.5 (by 10 micrograms per cubic meter) leads to a statistically significant 6 to 7% decrease in mortality risk. Based on these models, lowering the air quality standard to 10 micrograms per cubic meter would save 143,257 lives (95% confidence interval, 115,581 to 170,645) in one decade. Our study provides the most comprehensive evidence to date of the link between long-term PM2.5 exposure and mortality, even at levels below current standards.

scholarly journals A Review on the Impact of Aircraft Cabin Air Quality and Cabin Pressure on Human Wellbeing

2014 ◽  
Vol 629 ◽  
pp. 388-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zubair ◽  
Kamarul Arifin Ahmad ◽  
Vizy Nazira Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Operational Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cabin Air Quality ◽  
Systematic Collection

Airliner cabins present more complicated scenario due to different design and operation challenges owing to the extreme environmental conditions, complexity of the operational systems, and the authorities that govern such environments. The scientific evaluation is rendered difficult due to lack of empirical evidence determining the airliner cabin air quality as well as consequent health effects occurring due to short or long flight exposure. Crew members and passengers report dizziness, fatigue, headaches, sinus and ear problems, dry eyes and sore throats during and after travel. There are persistent concerns about the transmission of infectious agents such as influenza, tuberculosis and measles viruses during flights. Moreover, a systematic collection of data related to airplane environmental exposures is not yet available and the effects of environmental conditions on wellbeing of travelers and their comfort level are yet to be fully ascertained. In this work, a systematic review of the air quality inside the airliner cabin are discussed. The potential pollutants and their established causes are discussed. In addition to this, major health discomforts faced by the occupants are presented.

scholarly journals The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 10667-10686
Author(s):  
Martin O. P. Ramacher ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Jana Moldanová ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Matthias Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Port Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from the global to the local scale. Ships emit substantial amounts of sulfur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides, and particulate matter in the vicinity of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in harbour cities. Reductions in emissions due to shipping have been targeted by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus, it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of shipping activities on air quality, population exposure, and health effects in the future. We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity in the Port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population-weighted concentrations, and health effects related to NO2, PM2.5, and O3. The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios; for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON SURROUNDING COMMUNITY OF COAL MINING AREA IN SAMARINDA, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Ike Anggraeni ◽  
Annisa Nurrachmawati ◽  
Riza Hayati Ifroh ◽  
Andi Anwar ◽  
Siswanto Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Coal Mining Area ◽  
The Impact

Background: The massive exploration of coal in Samarinda could lead to various environmental consequences, such as metal contamination of soil, toxic materials and sediments in rivers and air pollution. Scanning and exploring the impact of mining on environmental quality will strategic to develop and carry out rehabilitation on damaged ecosystems and as a preventive and adaptive action of the community in responding the threat of global environmental change.Objective: This paper mainly focused on determining environmental quality based on water and air quality parameters (sulfur dioxide/SO2, Nitrogen dioxide/NO2, Carbon monoxide CO and TSP/dust) also determining community perception about the environment.Methods: Water sample taken from Betapus river (upstream and downstream) and well. Air sample taken around residential in coal mining area. Household survey of 305 respondents conducted in five community neighborhoods in area that affected by mining activities. In general, the air quality parameters such as SO2, NO2, CO and TSP at normal condition.Result: The measurement result of wells water revealed that only the pH (power of hydrogen) at normal condition, while BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), Iron (Fe) exceed the threshold and almost all water sample exceeds the threshold in Manganese (Mn). The results of river quality in pH and COD showed that both in the upstream, midstream and downstream on normal condition, while Fe, COD exceeds the threshold. The BOD in the upper, middle parts of the river exceed the threshold.Conclusion: This study found that there had been anomaly in water environment compounds. These indicate that mining has led to the occurrence of water pollution. Therefore, needs reevaluation analysis of environmental impacts document of the mining companies in Bayur Village. It is also important to treating Mn and Fe of well or river water, especially if the water use for drinking.

scholarly journals The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O. P. Ramacher ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Jana Moldanová ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Matthias Karl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Port Area ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Shipping is an important source of air pollutants, from the global to the local scale. Ships are emitting substantial amounts of sulphur dioxides, nitrogen dioxides and particulate matter in the vicinity of coasts, threatening the health of the coastal population, especially in harbour cities. Reductions of emissions due to shipping have been targeted by several regulations. Nevertheless, effects of these regulations come into force with temporal delays, global ship traffic is expected to grow in the future, and other land-based anthropogenic emissions might decrease. Thus, it is necessary to investigate combined impacts to identify the impact of shipping activities on air quality, population exposure and health-effects in the future. We investigated the future effect of shipping emissions on air quality and related health effects considering different scenarios of the development of shipping under current regional trends of economic growth and already decided regulations in the Gothenburg urban area in 2040. Additionally, we investigated the impact of a large-scale implementation of shore electricity in the port of Gothenburg. For this purpose, we established a one-way nested chemistry transport modelling (CTM) system from the global to the urban scale, to calculate pollutant concentrations, population weighted concentrations and health-effects related to NO2, PM2.5 and O3. The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg/m3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios, for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of wide use of shore-site electricity for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port with up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of on-shore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.

scholarly journals Impact of urban parameterization on high resolution air quality forecast with the GEM – AQ model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 10387-10404 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Struzewska ◽  
J. W. Kaminski
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Forecast

Abstract. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of urban cover on high-resolution air quality forecast simulations with the GEM-AQ (Global Environmental Multiscale and Air Quality) model. The impact of urban area on the ambient atmosphere is non-stationary, and short-term variability of meteorological conditions may result in significant changes of the observed intensity of urban heat island and pollutant concentrations. In this study we used the Town Energy Balance (TEB) parameterization to represent urban effects on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters at the final nesting level with horizontal resolution of ~5 km over Southern Poland. Three one-day cases representing different meteorological conditions were selected and the model was run with and without the TEB parameterization. Three urban cover categories were used in the TEB parameterization: mid-high buildings, very low buildings and low density suburbs. Urban cover layers were constructed based on an area fraction of towns in a grid cell. To analyze the impact of urban parameterization on modelled meteorological and air quality parameters, anomalies in the lowest model layer for the air temperature, wind speed and pollutant concentrations were calculated. Anomalies of the specific humidity fields indicate that the use of the TEB parameterization leads to a systematic reduction of moisture content in the air. Comparison with temperature and wind speed measurements taken at urban background monitoring stations shows that application of urban parameterization improves model results. For primary pollutants the impact of urban areas is most significant in regions characterized with high emissions. In most cases the anomalies of NO2 and CO concentrations were negative. This reduction is most likely caused by an enhanced vertical mixing due to elevated surface temperature and modified vertical stability.

scholarly journals Estimación de la Dispersión de Contaminantes Atmosféricos Emitidos por una Industria Papelera Mediante el Modelo AERMOD

Ingeniería ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Oscar Andres Vidal Daza ◽  
Andrea Perez Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Context Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Instability ◽  
Aermod Model ◽  
Valle Del Cauca ◽  
The Impact

Context: modeling of atmospheric pollutants is an useful tool for air quality monitoring and management. In this study the dispersion of three atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NO2 and Total Suspended Particles - TSP) emitted by a boiler from a paper factory at Valle del Cauca department was estimated and its potential impact on the population settlements located at 5Km around the stationary source was identified.Method: the study was structured in three stages: (i) compiling and processing of meteorological, topographic and isokinetic sampling data; (ii) modeling the dispersion of pollutants using AERMOD ViewTM; and (iii) determination of the impact on surrounding populations.Results: the pollution plume is dispersed towards predominant directions of wind and the trajectory is affected by mountainous topography. The maximum concentrations of pollutants found (0,012 μg SO2/m3, 1,42 μg NO2/m3 and 0,109 μgTSP/m3) were lower than the Colombian air quality standards.Conclusions: the emission-control systems used by the studied paper industry ensures compliance with the air quality standard and generates a low impact on exposed populations. In addition, the atmospheric instability conditions favored the dilution of the contaminants discharged to the atmosphere. Although the AERMOD model was useful in the modeling of pollutants under atmospheric instability conditions and short length (<5 km), it has limitations to simulate the chemical transformations of SO2 and NO2, therefore it is recommended to evaluate other models that allow a comparative analysis and select the most appropriate model.

scholarly journals A District Approach to Smart Mobility

10.28945/4859 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 001-018
Author(s):  
Conor M Dowling ◽  
Matthew Mullarkey ◽  
Siobhán Clarke
Keyword(s):  
County Council ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
City District ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

“As a Smart City district evolves, and its success as a business location of choice grows, we need to ensure that mobility challenges are addressed for all communities. Smart technologies are a major factor.” – Ronan Herron Ronan Herron had recently been appointed the Smart Dublin Coordinator with responsibility for Smart Sandyford and was travelling to its launch on the modern Luas light rail system. Ronan found himself marvelling at the changes to the Sandyford area since he first started working in the Council twelve years earlier: Gone was the old industrial landscape with pockets of sad-looking housing estates, and in its place was a vibrant business district with multiple household name multinational companies, nestled with modern residential areas. Sandyford was a short distance from Dublin city centre but just ten short years prior, few would have anticipated the economic and business transformation that had overcome this once maligned and side-lined district of Dublin. While Ronan had managed to get a seat on the packed Luas tram, he noticed multiple congested areas in and around the route to the launch. Clearly, this had become a very popular district indeed! Since starting in his post, Ronan had observed that the Dún Laoghaire Rathdown County Council (DLR), responsible for Smart Sandyford, was very excited about the future for the Sandyford district, anticipating (and indeed, planning for) significant growth in the number of businesses moving there, and additional residential areas. Ronan contemplated what impact this was likely to have on on-going mobility for everyone living and working in the district. Given his background in smart technologies, and Smart Sandyford’s position as a part of Smart Dublin, Ronan naturally found himself contemplating technology as a means to address Sandyford’s growing mobility challenges. He was on his way to launch Smart Sandyford, and surely, smart technology could contribute to solutions to those challenges. This Smart District offered a means to answer some of the pressing questions around mobility for Dublin: How might technology deployment improve mobility services? How would mobility solutions impact all stakeholders in the community? Can technology alleviate the impact of transport on the environment? How would the data needed to enable smart mobility be collected and analysed? What data would even be needed?

scholarly journals Ambient air quality of Katra Town (J&K): A Study with Reference to atmospheric particulates

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Anil K. Raina ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
The Impact

The monitoring of ambient air quality of Katra (one of the important town of Jammu from economic as well as religious point of view), at selected locations of residential areas, commercial areas and traffic crossings with respect to particulate matter (both respirable and non-respirable) has been conducted for a period of two years i.e. July 2010 – June 2012. Large variations in ambient particulate matter concentrations have been observed throughout the study period. Seasonally, the particulate matter exhibited low values during monsoon period and high values during post-monsoon period. The concentration of particulates (both respirable and non-respirable) in post monsoon season exceeded the concentrations than that of other seasons at most of the sites, thereby signifying the impact of local factors on pollutant concentrations, besides the impact of meteorological factors. Higher concentrations have been recorded in the year 2011-2012 as compared to 2010-2011 at all the sites except traffic crossings.

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