scholarly journals Roman sculptural portrait and votive portrait of the Roman republic time (preliminary comparative data on composite portraits)

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Larisa Yu. Shpak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Republic ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Real People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Orbital Part

The materials for the composite portraits were images from electronic antique collections of museums, image banks and catalogs. To obtain visual images of the studied groups, the composite portrait method was used in a digital program. Results and discussion. Unlike the roman sculptural portrait of the 1st century BC, which has a specific purpose and real prototypes, prototypes of votive terracotta heads of the 3rd – 1st centuries BC can be both real people and typified model-forms. The main differences between the composite roman portraits from the etruscan-italic votives relate to the orbital part of the face, the nose width and the upper lip hight. The composite images of the roman votives of Latium are similar to the composite roman sculptural portrait in the nose width. The morphological differences between the votive portrait and the Roman republican sculptural portrait can be a reflection of really different anthropological types, which does not except the presence of the cumulative (Greeks, Etruscans, Latins) canon of morphological form in votive portraits. Conclusion. The early Roman portrait, represented by two distinctive forms of portraiture, reveals different anthropological types. The extent to which a possible morphological canon of votive heads gifts is influenced by Greek prototypes can be determined by comparison with a composite Greek portrait.

Reconstruction After Grizzly Bear Attack in Wyoming

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110505
Author(s):  
Bryce M. Ingram ◽  
Christina M. Colosimo ◽  
John S. Weaver ◽  
Caleb J. Mentzer ◽  
James R. Yon
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Grizzly Bear ◽  
Facial Fractures ◽  
Injury Patterns ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
The Face ◽  
Head Neck

Bear attacks are rare, although global incidents have been increasing. Injury patterns of bear attacks against humans consistently include injuries to the face, head, neck, chest, and upper extremities. Here, we have a brief report of a 59-year-old male hunter who was attacked by a grizzly bear in Wyoming. He sustained multiple lacerations to his face which included an avulsion of his nose and upper lip, as well as extensive associated facial fractures. Additional injuries included soft tissue and bony injuries to the upper extremities. He underwent 53 operations during his first hospitalization, primarily of facial reconstruction, which required nose and upper lip replant to his arm. His course was complicated by pressure ulcers, bacteria, acute kidney injury, and a urinary tract infection. After successful coordinated multidisciplinary care and a prolonged hospitalization, he was ultimately discharged to his home.

scholarly journals Chondroid syringoma of the upper lip: a rare entity

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Ashiya Goel ◽  
Aman . ◽  
Vinny Raheja ◽  
Manisha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Chondroid Syringoma ◽  
The Face ◽  
Slow Growing

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Chondroid syringomas are uncommon cutaneous neoplasms of sweat gland origin which are slow-growing, nontender, subcutaneous or intracutaneous in location and often occurring in the head and neck region. Chondroid syringoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any subcutaneous nodule over the face. The clinician may miss the diagnosis of this lesion and if it is suspected, tumour should be excised with a margin of normal tissue and regular follow up should be done.</span></p>

When and How Implicit First Impressions Can Be Updated

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Ferguson ◽  
Thomas C. Mann ◽  
Jeremy Cone ◽  
Xi Shen
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social World ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Real People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Contradictory Evidence ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Human perceivers continually react to the social world implicitly —that is, spontaneously and rapidly. Earlier research suggested that implicit impressions of other people are slower to change than self-reported impressions in the face of contradictory evidence, often leaving them miscalibrated from what one learns to be true. Recent work, however, has identified conditions under which implicit impressions can be rapidly updated. Here, we review three lines of work showing that implicit impressions are responsive to information that is highly diagnostic, believable, or reframes earlier experience. These findings complement ongoing research on mechanisms of changing implicit impressions in a wider variety of groups, from real people to robots, and provide support for theoretical frameworks that embrace greater unity in the factors that can impact implicit and explicit social cognition.

Form and Meaning of (Indefinite) Pronouns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Koeneman ◽  
Hedde Zeijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Negative Polarity ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Morphological Form ◽  
Polarity Items ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Negative Indefinites ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

The relation between the morphological form of a pronoun and its semantic function is not always transparent, and syncretism abounds in natural languages. In a language like English, for instance, three types of indefinite pronouns can be identified, often grouped in series: the some-series, the any-series, and the no-series. However, this does not mean that there are also three semantic functions for indefinite pronouns. Haspelmath (1997), in fact distinguishes nine functions. Closer inspection shows that these nine functions must be reduced to four main functions of indefinites, each with a number of subfunctions: (i) Negative Polarity Items; (ii) Free-Choice Items; (iii) negative indefinites; and (iv) positive or existential indefinites. These functions and subfunctions can be morphologically realized differently across languages, but don’t have to. In English, functions (i) and (ii), unlike (iii) and (iv), may morphologically group together, both expressed by the any-series. Where morphological correspondences between the kinds of functions that indefinites may express call for a classification, such classifications turn out to be semantically well motivated too. Similar observations can be made for definite pronouns, where it turns out that various functions, such as the first person inclusive/exclusive distinction or dual number, are sometimes, but not always morphologically distinguished, showing that these may be subfunctions of higher, more general functions. The question as to how to demarcate the landscape of indefinite and definite pronouns thus does not depend on semantic differences alone: Morphological differences are at least as much telling. The interplay between morphological and semantic properties can provide serious answers to how to define indefinites and the various forms and functions that these may take on.

scholarly journals Sonographic Analysis of the Upper Labial Orbicularis Oris and Its Clinical Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Park ◽  
Kyu-Lim Lee ◽  
Young-Chun Gil ◽  
Ji-Hyun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Seok Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sonographic Imaging

Abstract Background Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) near the vermilion border area has not been well defined. Objectives The aim of this study was therefore to identify any morphological differences of the upper OOr via sonographic imaging. Methods The upper lip muscles as observed utilizing an ultrasound device were divided into 2 muscles (pars peripheralis and pars marginalis) that were subsequently divided into a further 2 types (Type I and Type II) associated with the development of the pars marginalis. Type II was further divided into Type IIa and Type IIb depending on whether the muscle fibers were well developed and connected. Results On the midline of the lip, Type I, in which the pars marginalis was rarely observed and only appeared in traces, was observed in 20.0% of the volunteers. Type IIa, in which the pars marginalis was well-developed and appeared continuous, was observed in 42.9% of the volunteers. Type IIb, in which the pars marginalis was observed but appeared discontinuous, was observed in 37.1% of the volunteers. Conclusions The shapes of the upper pars marginalis of the OOr varied markedly between volunteers. Type classification of the OOr based on its shape and the lip appearance serves as a reliable source of reference information to be utilized when injecting botulinum toxin into the upper lip.

EMG Feedback and Recovery of Facial and Speech Gestures Following Neural Anastomosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billie Daniel ◽  
Barry Guitar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Feedback Training ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lifting Task

A case report is presented of an attempt to increase muscle activity during non-speech and speech activities through surface electromyographic feedback. The subject, a 25-year-old male, had a surgical anastomosis of the seventh cranial to the twelfth cranial nerve five years prior to the initiation of this therapy. The right side of the face was immobile. Frequency analogs of muscle action potentials from the right lower lip during pressing, retraction, eversion, and speech were presented to the subject. His task was to increase the frequency of the tone thereby increasing muscle activity. The subject made substantial improvement in the gestures listed above. Electrodes also were placed in various infraorbital positions for an upper lip lifting task. This gesture was unimproved. Pre- and posttherapy independence of facial gestures from conscious tongue contraction was found. Possible explanations were proposed for (1) increases of muscle activity in the lower lip, (2) lack of change of MAPs in the upper lip, (3) independence of the facial muscle activity from conscious tongue contraction, and (4) effectiveness of this feedback training.

Facial Expression in Primates With Remarks On a Parallel Development in Certain Carnivores (a Preliminary Report On Work in Progress)

Behaviour ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Bolwig
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Facial Muscles ◽  
Facial Musculature ◽  
The Face ◽  
Emotional Condition

AbstractIn this report of an unfinished study of the evolution of facial expressions the author draws a brief comparison between the most important facial muscles of various primates and of two carnivores, the suricate and the dog. Before discussing the expressions, definitions of the various elementary emotions are given and the criteria from which the author judges the emotional condition of the animals. The main conclusions reached from the observations are:- 1. Certain basic rules govern the facial expressions of the animals studied. 2. Joy and happiness are expressed by a general lifting of the face and a tightening of the upper lip. The expression originates from preparation for a play-bite. The posture has become completely ritualised in man. 3. Unhappiness expresses itself by a lowering of the face. In horror there is a general tension of the facial muscles and the mouth tends to open while the animal screams. In sadness the animal tends to become less active. 4. Anger is recognisable from a tightening of the facial muscles, particularly those around the mouth in preparation for a hard bite. 5. Threat varies in expression but it contains components of anger and fear. 6. Love and affection find expression through such actions as lipsmacking, love-biting, sucking and kissing. The oral caressing has its origin in the juvenile sucking for comfort. 7. Concentration is not an emotion but it usually shows itself by a tension of the facial muscles. 8. There is a similarity between the two carnivores under discussion and some of the primates. A common pattern of the facial muscles of the suricate and the lemur indicate a common ancestry and brings the two animals to the same level in their ability to express their emotions. The dog, although very different from the monkey in its facial musculature nevertheless resembles it in its mode of expression. This feature seems related to similarities in their biology which have been facilitated by the development of a bifocal vision.

Testing the Efficacy of Name Mnemonics Used during Conversation

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. R. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Real People ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facilitated Recall

Previous studies successfully used the face-name mnemonic to improve recall of fictitious surnames of individuals appearing in photographs. Exps. 1 and 2 tested whether this mnemonic could also aid recall of the actual surnames of real people met during conversations. Exp. 1, like previous studies, showed that the face-name mnemonic facilitated recall of surnames of photographed individuals; however, this mnemonic reduced name recall following conversations. Exp. 2 refined the procedure used in Exp. 1 by including a control group in the design and strengthening the training procedures for the face-name mnemonic group. The results of Exp. 2 paralleled those of Exp. 1, again showing no advantage to using the face-name mnemonic during conversation. Exp. 3 explored alternatives to the face-name mnemonic, and featured use of self-help mnemonics (those initiated by the learner without help from others) and stranger-provided mnemonics (those provided by the person whose name was being memorized). A combination of self-help and stranger-provided mnemonics produced significantly greater recall of surnames following conversation than that achieved by self-help strategies alone, a control group, or the face-name mnemonic.

S104 – Treatment of a Brown Recluse Spider Bite to the Face

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P112-P112
Author(s):  
Katherine K. Hamming ◽  
Peter A Hilger ◽  
Holly Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Aesthetic Result ◽  
The Face ◽  
Topical Treatments ◽  
Spider Bites ◽  
Spider Bite

Objectives 1) To raise awareness among otolaryngologists about the presentation, complications, and treatment options of brown recluse spider bites. 2) To present a case of a brown recluse spider bite to the face that was treated conservatively and had an excellent aesthetic result. Methods A 48-year-old woman was referred to the otolaryngology clinic with a dermonecrotic wound on the left upper lip from a brown recluse spider bite. The lesion consisted of a 4mm eschar with surrounding erythema, and the necrosis extended almost through the lip, sparing only the oral mucosa. She was given antibiotics and followed clinically. The eschar was left in place without debridement or topical treatments, and it fell off on day 40. Results After the eschar fell off on its own, the patient was left with complete healing of the necrotic area and a 1mm scar with mild erythema, giving her an excellent aesthetic result. Conclusions This case represents conservative management of a self-limited dermonecrotic lesion of the upper lip that resulted from a brown recluse spider bite. Conservative management should be considered with brown recluse spider bites, especially on the face, which has an excellent blood supply and where good aesthetic outcome is crucial.

scholarly journals Variations in soft facial tissue by using the interocclusal stabilization splint: 3d stereophotogrammetry

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Bettoni Rodrigues Da Silva ◽  
Laís Valencise Magri ◽  
Álvaro Augusto Junqueira Júnior ◽  
Mateus Sgobi Cazal ◽  
Marco Antônio Moreira Rodrigues Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Facial Morphology ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Stabilization Splint ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
3D Stereophotogrammetry ◽  
The Times

<strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze variations in soft facial tissue by using the interocclusal stabilization splint (ISS) through the 3D stereophotogrammetry technique in a group of young women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD). <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>20 females between 20 and 60 years of age (39.3 ± 12.5) and TMD diagnosis based on the criteria of the RDC/TMD, received treatment with ISS. Reference points were marked on the face and photos were performed twice using the Vectra (M3–Canfield<sup>®</sup>): with and without ISS. In the 3D images the following variables were measured: area of the cheeks and lips (cm<sup>3</sup>), linear labial distances (Ls-Cph, Cph-Ch, Li-Ch, Ls-Li, Ch-Ch), lower third of the face (Sn-Me), height of the upper lip (Sn-Ls)/lower (Li-Me) and the angles C-Sn-Ls, N-Sn-Pg and Li-Sl-Pg. The data were analyzed in a descriptive manner, the times with and without ISS were compared using the t-test and the Pearson's correlation was employed in order to correlate the ISS thickness with the facial measurements (5% significance). <strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference was found only for the variables of the lip area (p= 0.01) and Ls-Li (p=0.006) in comparison with/without ISS. No correlation was found between the ISS thickness and the lip area for both face sides, right (p=0.7; r=0.07) and left (p=0.9; r=-0.001). <strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of interocclusal stabilization splint does not provide large changes in facial morphology, with the exception of the lip area and height.

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