scholarly journals The essence of electronic commerce and electronic transactions

Author(s):  
M. Zhumadilova ◽  
◽  
Ye. Dussipov ◽  
M. Zhussupbekova ◽  
◽  
...  

This article describes the problem of the legal nature of electronic commerce and electronic transactions, which are relevant with the development of information and communication technologies. According to the authors, electronic commerce is a type of entrepreneurial activity in the sale of goods and services using information and communication technologies. In this article, the authors study the legal nature and signs of entrepreneurial activity, electronic commerce and electronic transactions, compare the opinions of scientists on this issue. The authors distinguish the following signs of electronic commerce, firstly, it is a trading activity that is aimed at making a profit by making transactions using information and communication technologies; secondly, it is an entrepreneurial activity that is risky in nature; thirdly, electronic commerce is based on electronic transactions using information and communication tools, the implementing of which is associated with the transfer of information; fourthly, the implementation of electronic commerce has its own characteristics, for example, the delivery of goods in various ways and making payments in various ways. In addition, the authors propose an amendment to the current legislation and propose a definition of entrepreneurial activity and electronic transaction.

2011 ◽  
pp. 1158-1170
Author(s):  
Udo Averweg ◽  
Siyabonga Manyanga

The availability of publicly accessible Internet networks and services are the first prerequisite in ensuring that all citizens and nations can benefit from information on the World Wide Web (UNESCO, 2003). Information and communication technologies (ICT) are playing an increasingly important role in the daily lives of citizens, revolutionising work and leisure and changing the rules of doing business. ICT encompass all technologies that facilitate the processing and transfer of information and communication services (United Nations, 2002). In the realm of government, ICT applications are promising to enhance the delivery of public goods and services to citizens not only by improving the process and management of government but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship and democracy (Pascual, 2003). The spread of ICT brings hope that governments can transform (Pacific Council on International Policy, 2002). This article is organised as follows: • Background to the research is given • ICT adoption in the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa is described • The research goals, method, data gathering, and results are discussed • Management implications towards implementing a successful e-government strategy are given • Future trends are then suggested and a conclusion is given


Author(s):  
U. Averweg ◽  
S. Manyanga

The availability of publicly accessible Internet networks and services are the first prerequisite in ensuring that all citizens and nations can benefit from information on the World Wide Web (UNESCO, 2003). Information and communication technologies (ICT) are playing an increasingly important role in the daily lives of citizens, revolutionising work and leisure and changing the rules of doing business. ICT encompass all technologies that facilitate the processing and transfer of information and communication services (United Nations, 2002). In the realm of government, ICT applications are promising to enhance the delivery of public goods and services to citizens not only by improving the process and management of government but also by redefining the traditional concepts of citizenship and democracy (Pascual, 2003). The spread of ICT brings hope that governments can transform (Pacific Council on International Policy, 2002). This article is organised as follows: • Background to the research is given • ICT adoption in the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa is described • The research goals, method, data gathering, and results are discussed • Management implications towards implementing a successful e-government strategy are given • Future trends are then suggested and a conclusion is given


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Matchanova

This article is devoted to the definition of the role of information and communication technologies (ICT) as a source of competitive advantage and a factor of increasing the competitiveness of the economies of developing countries in the framework of the proceedings of the scientific school of competitiveness. Where the results of the study show that ICTs can be a source of constant innovation, allow optimizing the processes of knowledge accumulation, while the production of goods and services in the field of ICT provides a significant increase in value in the production chain. The main goal should be the development of ICT in Uzbekistan, including affordable high-speed Internet.


2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01144
Author(s):  
Liudmila Reshetnikova

The article is devoted to e-diplomacy (also known as digital diplomacy) which is a component of public diplomacy. Digital diplomacy is a one of the new tools of foreign policy that is aimed to solve the problems of international and interethnic relations. The article examines the concept and definition of digital diplomacy that concentrates on the use of social networks and digital media in the field of foreign policy. Some risks and threats of e-diplomacy are also considered. The use of opportunities of information and communication technologies for solving the problems of foreign policy and influence on mass consciousness by means of the Internet, social networks is analyzed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Wyche ◽  
Nightingale Simiyu ◽  
Martha E. Othieno

Increases in mobile phone ownership and Internet access throughout Africa continue to motivate initiatives to use information and communication technologies (ICTs)—in particular, mobile phones—to address long-standing socioeconomic problems in the “developing world.” While it is generally recognized that mobile phones may help to address these problems by providing pertinent information, less widely known is exactly how (and if) a handset’s human–computer interface—that is, its software and hardware design—supports this form of communication. The concept of “affordances” has long been used to answer such questions. In this paper, we use Hartson’s definition of affordances to qualitatively investigate rural Kenyan women’s interactions with their mobile phones. Our detailed analysis provides empirically grounded answers to questions about the cognitive, physical, and sensory affordances of handsets used in our field sites and how they support and/or constrain mobile communication. We then discuss the implications of our findings: in particular, how this affordance-based approach draws attention to mobile phones’ design features and to the context in which they and their users are embedded—a focus which suggests new design and research opportunities in mobile communication.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matveeva ◽  
M. Cherkasova

The changes taking place in the modern Russian labor market with regard to the organization of labor of employees, the content of freelancing have been considered. The socio-economic essence of freelancing has been revealed. A сharacteristic of self-employed, including the number, their social affiliation and economic activities has been given. The prerequisites, that caused the development of freelancing in Russia, have been determined. Based on the data of a number of studies, the positive aspects of freelance have been analyzed and problems in its development have been named. The main attention has been paid to the definition of the prospects of freelance development in modern Russia in the conditions of wide application of information and communication technologies.


Author(s):  
A. Hafiiak ◽  
O. Shefer ◽  
E. Borodina ◽  
S. Alyoshin

The article explores modern information and telecommunication technologies, which are the basis of information processes in education. The fundamentals of improving the quality of student training from the point of view of the development of a vocational education system are investigated. The authors explore the definition of an innovative educational environment. It is proved that professional IT education is the basis for improving its quality level and has certain advantages over other types of knowledge, providing flexibility due to modern technological features, including the use of QR coding information.


Author(s):  
Tetiana Stambulska

The article analyzed the peculiarities of the interpretation of the «communication culture» in the context of scientific researches of the past and contemporary domestic researchers. An analysis was carried out to define the concept of «communication culture of a person», the approaches to the definition of this concept are singled out. The positions of scientists concerning the role of eloquence in the formation of the linguistic personality are analyzed, the language is analyzed as a «social and psychological phenomenon», historical conditions of the formation of the concept of «communication culture» are characterized, in particular, attention is focused on the formation of the linguistic personality. It was found out that studies of the ancient traditions of the formation of the language of culture make it possible to better understand modern trends in the development of the person's communication culture. Modern studies have shown that in linguistics for a long time there was no unity in the interpretation of the concepts of «language» and «communication». Problems of the formation of the culture of broadcasting have become the object of research by eminent thinkers, beginning with the period of Antiquity. The question of the formation of a culture of speech has long traditions. Note that in European linguistics, the first decades of the twentieth century. Theoretical study and approval of the concept of «culture of language» in the scientific circulation is underway. It should be noted that in connection with the introduction of information and communication technologies in all spheres of society life has increased interest in the theory and practice of eloquence. This is explained by the fact that the active use of information and communication technologies involves the search for ways of speaking influence, both on the interpersonal and on the public level. According to authoritative experts in rhetoric, L. Matsko, O. Matsko, N. Mykhailychenko, V. Poltupets, etc., there are also communicative reasons that ensure the actual and further development of the theory and practice of oratory in the XX-beginning of the XXI century.


Author(s):  
George M. Korres

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been at the heart of economic changes for more than a decade. ICT producing sectors play an important role, notably by contributing to rapid technological progress and productivity growth. The existence of a widely accepted definition of the ICT sector is the first step towards making comparisons across time and countries possible. International comparisons are made more difficult by the lack of harmonization in the definitions of indicators. Accordingly, there is renewed interest in measuring productive efficiency to determine the degree of inefficiency (if any) and the sources of inefficiency, if it exists. This chapter provides a broad theoretical and empirical review regarding productive efficiency as well as its relationship to productivity enhancement, especially focusing on ICT and FDI investments, comprising two of the most important productivity enhancement means.


Author(s):  
Marlene Goncalves ◽  
Francisco Castro ◽  
Luis Alberto Vidal ◽  
Maribel Acosta ◽  
Maria-Esther Vidal

E-Democracy and E-Participation are sub-areas of E-Government that utilize Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to empower democracy and allow the participation of ordinary people during the definition of policies that affect their lives. Particularly, general elections as well as the selection of presidential candidates are types of electoral events where ICT can facilitate the constituency participation, providing a resource to influence the implementation of such events. The authors propose data mining and ranking techniques to analyze voting historical data and identify regions where electoral campaigns need to be intensified. Based on citizens’ participation patterns in previous elections, they illustrate the quality of their approach on Venezuelan electoral data and compare it with respect to the results produced by a baseline independent study. Experimental results suggest that the authors’ techniques are able to predict the classification given for the baseline study, while they are simpler and easily reproducible.


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