scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Markowiak-Kopeć ◽  
Katarzyna Śliżewska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Test Results ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Health ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The relationship between diet and the diversity and function of the intestinal microbiomeand its importance for human health is currently the subject of many studies. The type and proportionof microorganisms found in the intestines can determine the energy balance of the host. Intestinalmicroorganisms perform many important functions, one of which is participation in metabolicprocesses, e.g., in the production of short-chain fatty acids—SCFAs (also called volatile fatty acids).These acids represent the main carbon flow from the diet to the host microbiome. Maintainingintestinal balance is necessary to maintain the host’s normal health and prevent many diseases.The results of many studies confirm the beneficial effect of probiotic microorganisms on the balanceof the intestinal microbiome and produced metabolites, including SCFAs. The aim of this review is tosummarize what is known on the effects of probiotics on the production of short-chain fatty acidsby gut microbes. In addition, the mechanism of formation and properties of these metabolites isdiscussed and verified test results confirming the effectiveness of probiotics in human nutrition bymodulating SCFAs production by intestinal microbiome is presented.

scholarly journals The Effect of Probiotics on the Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Human Intestinal Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Markowiak-Kopeć ◽  
Katarzyna Śliżewska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Test Results ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Health ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The relationship between diet and the diversity and function of the intestinal microbiome and its importance for human health is currently the subject of many studies. The type and proportion of microorganisms found in the intestines can determine the energy balance of the host. Intestinal microorganisms perform many important functions, one of which is participation in metabolic processes, e.g., in the production of short-chain fatty acids—SCFAs (also called volatile fatty acids). These acids represent the main carbon flow from the diet to the host microbiome. Maintaining intestinal balance is necessary to maintain the host’s normal health and prevent many diseases. The results of many studies confirm the beneficial effect of probiotic microorganisms on the balance of the intestinal microbiome and produced metabolites, including SCFAs. The aim of this review is to summarize what is known on the effects of probiotics on the production of short-chain fatty acids by gut microbes. In addition, the mechanism of formation and properties of these metabolites is discussed and verified test results confirming the effectiveness of probiotics in human nutrition by modulating SCFAs production by intestinal microbiome is presented.

scholarly journals The relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the possible role of dietary fibre

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Salamone ◽  
Angela Albarosa Rivellese ◽  
Claudia Vetrani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractGut microbiota and its metabolites have been shown to influence multiple physiological mechanisms related to human health. Among microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are modulators of different metabolic pathways. On the other hand, several studies suggested that diet might influence gut microbiota composition and activity thus modulating the risk of metabolic disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among dietary component, dietary fibre may play a pivotal role by virtue of its prebiotic effect on fibre-fermenting bacteria, that may increase SCFA production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of dietary fibre as modulator of the relationship between glucose metabolism and microbiota composition in humans. More specifically, we analysed evidence from observational studies and randomized nutritional intervention investigating the relationship between gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids and glucose metabolism. The possible mechanisms behind this association were also discussed.

Effect of short-chain fatty acids on paracellular permeability in Caco-2 intestinal epithelium model

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. G705-G712 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Mariadason ◽  
D. H. Barkla ◽  
P. R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Paracellular Permeability ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Differentiating Agents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Control of paracellular permeability in the colonic epithelium is fundamental to its functional competence. This study examines the relationship between physiologically relevant short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and paracellular permeability using the Caco-2 cell line model. Butyrate induced a concentration-dependent, reversible increase in transepithelial resistance (TER) that was maximal after 72 h. Butyrate (2 mM) increased TER by 299 +/- 69% (mean +/- SE; n = 5; P < 0.05; t-test) and reduced mannitol flux to 52 +/- 11% (P < 0.05) of control. The effect of butyrate was dependent on protein synthesis and gene transcription but not dependent on its oxidation or activation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. The other SCFAs, propionate and acetate, also induced a concentration-dependent increase in TER. The effect of butyrate paralleled changes in cellular differentiation, because alkaline phosphatase activity, carcinoembryonic antigen expression, and dome formation were increased. Furthermore, other differentiating agents (dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid) also increased TER. Thus SCFAs reduce paracellular permeability in the Caco-2 cell line, possibly by promotion of a more differentiated phenotype. If such an effect occurs in vivo, it may have ramifications for the biology and pathobiology of colonic mucosa.

scholarly journals Metformin Affects Gut Microbiome Composition and Function and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: A Randomized Trial

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. dc202257
Author(s):  
Noel T. Mueller ◽  
Moira K. Differding ◽  
Mingyu Zhang ◽  
Nisa M. Maruthur ◽  
Stephen P. Juraschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Frampton ◽  
Kevin G. Murphy ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Edward S. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism ◽  
And Function ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Determination of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Raw Milk Using a Microbial Sensor and the Relationship with Milk Quality.

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki UKEDA ◽  
Yoshihiro FUJITA ◽  
Masayoshi SAWAMURA ◽  
Hirozo KUSUNOSE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Microbial Sensor ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The relationship among gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of growing and healthy broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 5883-5895
Author(s):  
Xiudong Liao ◽  
Yuxin Shao ◽  
Guangming Sun ◽  
Yunfeng Yang ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals The Pharmacology and Function of Receptors for Short-Chain Fatty Acids

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Bolognini ◽  
Andrew B. Tobin ◽  
Graeme Milligan ◽  
Catherine E. Moss
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
And Function ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Ratajczak ◽  
Aleksandra Rył ◽  
Arnold Mizerski ◽  
Kinga Walczakiewicz ◽  
Olimpia Sipak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Analysis ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Intestinal microbiota is an element of the bacterial ecosystem in all mammalian organisms. These microorganisms play a very important part in the development, functioning, and modulation of the immune system from the moment of birth. In recent years, owing to the use of modern sequencing techniques, the microbiome composition in healthy people has been identified based on bacterial 16S rRNA analysis. Currently, more and more attention is being given to the influence of microorganisms on the host’s cellular metabolism. Analysis of microbial metabolites, among them short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and disruption of intestinal microbiota homeostasis in terms of their effects on molecular regulatory mechanisms of immune reactions will surely improve the understanding of the etiology of many common diseases. SCFAs, mainly butyrate, propionate, and acetate, occur in specific amounts, and their proportions can change, depending on the diet, age and diseases. The levels of SCFAs are substantially influenced by the ratio of commensal intestinal bacteria, the disturbance of which (dysbiosis) can lead to a disproportion between the SCFAs produced. SCFAs are regarded as mediators in the communication between the intestinal microbiome and the immune system. The signal they produce is transferred, among others, in immune cells via free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), which belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). It has been also confirmed that SCFAs inhibit the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC) – an enzyme involved in post-translational modifications, namely the process of deacetylation and, what is new, the process of histone crotonylation. These properties of SCFAs have an effect on their immunomodulatory potential i.e. maintaining the anti/pro-inflammatory balance. SCFAs act not only locally in the intestines colonized by commensal bacteria, but also influence the intestinal immune cells, and modulate immune response by multi-protein inflammasome complexes. SCFAs have been confirmed to contribute to the maintenance of the immune homeostasis of the urinary system (kidneys), respiratory system (lungs), central nervous system, and the sight organ.

scholarly journals Microbial Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Current Processes and Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Baumann ◽  
Peter Westermann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biotechnology Companies ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Biological production of organic acids from conversion of biomass derivatives has received increased attention among scientists and engineers and in business because of the attractive properties such as renewability, sustainability, degradability, and versatility. The aim of the present review is to summarize recent research and development of short chain fatty acids production by anaerobic fermentation of nonfood biomass and to evaluate the status and outlook for a sustainable industrial production of such biochemicals. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid have many industrial applications and are currently of global economic interest. The focus is mainly on the utilization of pretreated lignocellulosic plant biomass as substrate (the carbohydrate route) and development of the bacteria and processes that lead to a high and economically feasible production of VFA. The current and developing market for VFA is analyzed focusing on production, prices, and forecasts along with a presentation of the biotechnology companies operating in the market for sustainable biochemicals. Finally, perspectives on taking sustainable product of biochemicals from promise to market introduction are reviewed.

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