scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN D WITH INTRACTABLE DISEASES- A REVIEW.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Rumao ◽  
Chitranshi Puranik ◽  
Diksha Garg ◽  
Reema Deshwal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Levels

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble, steroid hormone responsible for the phospho calcium mechanism. Mainly vitamin D encompasses a group of steroid compounds, namely the VitD2 (ergocalciferol) and the VitD3(cholecalciferol). It is an important requirement for normal functioning of the skeletal muscles, organs and normal metabolism. Providing Vitamin D supplementation to people with Diabetes (Type 1 and 2), Covid-19 positive and people with Thyroid problems showed improved glycaemic controls and regularized blood sugar levels, increase in immune response and regulating the Thyroid levels in the body. Vitamin D also adds to the innate immune system and also plays a major role in zinc metabolism which becomes a major reason for decreasing the symptoms of COVID-19 in the human body. Keywords: Vitamin D, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Covid-19, Diabetic Neuropathy, Diabetic Nephropathy, Thyroid, Hypovitaminosis.

Pathophysiology of Complication in Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Rohit Vaswani ◽  
Samarth Shukla ◽  
Sourya Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Sugar Levels

Blood sugar levels are elevated in diabetes mellitus (DM), the most prevalent metabolic disorder. Insulin deficiency or ineffectiveness is the primary cause of hyperglycemia, affecting carbs and protein, and fat metabolism. Diabetes mellitus can be of two types, type 1 and type 2. Apart from this, a certain amount of people suffers from prediabetes. Type 1 diabetes insulin-dependent dent diabetes happens when the pancreas produces less or no insulin, so these patients require insulin doses frequently. A patient has type 2 diabetes if the cells don’t respond to insulin. This is the most common kind of diabetes and affects 95% of people with diabetes. It is an insulin-independent type of diabetes. Nearly every organ in the body is affected by DM. Microvascular and macrovascular problems are caused by diabetes mellitus. Nephropathy (disease of the kidney), retinopathy (eye damage), and neuropathy (nerve damage) are examples of microvascular complications, whereas macrovascular complications include blood vessels, arteries, and veins, e.g., peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular events, etc. Retinopathy is a visual manifestation of end-organ damage. Neuropathy is of two types: symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical neuropathy is primarily sensory and autonomic, whereas asymmetrical neuropathy may be sensory, motor, or both. Diabetes is a long-term medical condition, and no medications are available to treat the secondary issues in today’s market; it cannot be cured but may be controlled by a healthy lifestyle. Continuous, frequent glucose hemostasis is critical.

scholarly journals Visfatin and Gestational, Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review of Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Ekpe EL ◽  
Omotoso Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
The Body ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
True Conclusion ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Search

Background: Adipose tissues produce adipocytokines and other various substances that have useful actions in the body. One of such adipocytokines is visfatin which has been linked to diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the existence of a probable correlation between plasma levels of visfatin and the various types of diabetes mellitus: type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Internet search engines linked to academic databases including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Hinari, etc. Studies involving visfatin were thoroughly searched and the references of such articles were also searched for any probable relevant information. Results/Findings: There is no agreed finding regarding the correlation between visfatin and diabetes mellitus. While some authors believed that plasma visfatin levels are elevated in diabetes mellitus, others believed that the contrary might be true. Conclusion: Various studies conducted so far have contrasting opinions about the correlation between plasma visfatin levels and diabetes mellitus.  

scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in HIV Infection: Not Only a Bone Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Mansueto ◽  
Aurelio Seidita ◽  
Giustina Vitale ◽  
Sebastiano Gangemi ◽  
Chiara Iaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Benefits

Hypovitaminosis D is a worldwide disorder, with a high prevalence in the general population of both Western and developing countries. In HIV patients, several studies have linked vitamin D status with bone disease, neurocognitive impairment, depression, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, infections, autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the most recent epidemiological and experimental data dealing with the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and HIV infection. We analysed the extent of the problem, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical implications, and potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in HIV-infected subjects.

scholarly journals Vitamin D and metabolism: facts, myths and misconceptions

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Plescheva ◽  
E A Pigarova ◽  
L K Dzeranova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Optimal Health

Vitamin D is essential for a vast number of physiologic processes, and thus adequate levels are necessary for optimal health. During childhood and adolescence, an adequate vitamin D status is needed due to its important role in cell growth, skeletal development and growth. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally found in very few foods, is added to others, and is available as a dietary supplement. It is produced endogenously when ultraviolet light strikes the skin. The adequate intake and status of vitamin D greatly depends on age, concomitant diseases and the use of some medications that are covered in-depth in the article. Recent epidemiologic and experimental evidence has suggested that low vitamin D concentrations seem to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer (mainly breast, prostate and colorectal), hypertension, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. However, the data supporting protective effects of vitamin D supplementation on conditions other than skeletal diseases like rickets, osteoporosis and osteomalacia are very weak, and the large, controlled clinical trials that are in progress now should resolve this issue.

scholarly journals The relationship of vitamin D status with the development and course of diabetes mellitus type 1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra A. Povaliaeva ◽  
Ekaterina A. Pigarova ◽  
Larisa K. Dzeranova ◽  
Liudmila Ya. Rozhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Control And Prevention

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that develops as a result of a genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Literature data indicate that the suboptimal status of vitamin D can be considered as a risk factor for the development of T1DM, especially at some stages of life. Adequate vitamin D supplementation in childhood may provide a protective effect and reduce the risk of developing T1DM at a later age. Pathogenesis of T1DM predisposes to abnormalities in the metabolism of vitamin D, including the development of vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, the immunomodulating effect of calcitriol (induction of immune tolerance and T-cell anergy, impaired B-cell activity and antibodies production) suggests the therapeutic potential of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases, including T1DM. A number of studies have demonstrated the positive clinical effects of various vitamin D preparations with respect to maintaining residual -cell function, improving glycemia control in patients with T1DM. Determining the optimal doses of vitamin D for patients with T1DM may contribute to disease control and prevention of complications.

scholarly journals Genetic, Functional, and Immunological Study of ZnT8 in Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Huang ◽  
Jie Du ◽  
Chengfeng Merriman ◽  
Zhicheng Gong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Zinc Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Zinc Metabolism ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Insulin Synthesis ◽  
Rare Mutations

Zinc level in the body is finely regulated to maintain cellular function. Dysregulation of zinc metabolism may induce a variety of diseases, e.g., diabetes. Zinc participates in insulin synthesis, storage, and secretion by functioning as a “cellular second messenger” in the insulin signaling pathway and glucose homeostasis. The highest zinc concentration is in the pancreas islets. Zinc accumulation in cell granules is manipulated by ZnT8, a zinc transporter expressed predominately in pancreatic α and β cells. A common ZnT8 gene (SLC30A8) polymorphism increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and rare mutations may present protective effects. In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), autoantibodies show specificity for binding two variants of ZnT8 (R or W at amino acid 325) dictated by a polymorphism in SLC30A8. In this review, we summarize the structure, feature, functions, and polymorphisms of ZnT8 along with its association with diabetes and explore future study directions.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Serum Levels of Magne-sium and Selenium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Gender Dimorphic Changes

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser M. Al-Daghri ◽  
Khalid M. Alkharfy ◽  
Nasiruddin Khan ◽  
Hanan A. Alfawaz ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Al-Ajlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Dependent Manner

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on circulating levels of magnesium and selenium in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 126 adult Saudi patients (55 men and 71 women, mean age 53.6 ± 10.7 years) with controlled T2DM were randomly recruited for the study. All subjects were given vitamin D3 tablets (2000 IU/day) for six months. Follow-up mean concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) vitamin D] significantly increased in both men (34.1 ± 12.4 to 57.8 ± 17.0 nmol/L) and women (35.7 ± 13.5 to 60.1 ± 18.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), while levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) decreased significantly in both men (1.6 ± 0.17 to 0.96 ± 0.10 pmol/L, p = 0.003) and women (1.6 ± 0.17 to 1.0 ± 0.14 pmol/L, p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant increase in serum levels of selenium and magnesium in men and women (p-values < 0.001 and 0.04, respectively) after follow-up. In women, a significant correlation was observed between delta change (variables at six months-variable at baseline) of serum magnesium versus high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (r = 0.36, p = 0.006) and fasting glucose (r = - 0.33, p = 0.01). In men, there was a significant correlation between serum selenium and triglycerides (r = 0.32, p = 0.04). Vitamin D supplementation improves serum concentrations of magnesium and selenium in a gender-dependent manner, which in turn could affect several cardiometabolic parameters such as glucose and lipids.

scholarly journals Effect of Cholecalciferol Supplementation on Bone Turnover Markers in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A274-A274
Author(s):  
Volodymyr I Pankiv ◽  
Ivan V Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Markers ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Procollagen Type ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Cholecalciferol Supplementation

Abstract Background: Cholecalciferol is known to play an important role in bone mineral metabolism. Its deficiency may affect growth and status of bone markers in children. Aim of the study: to evaluate the correlation between serum 25(OH)D and bone markers and impact of vitamin D supplementation on serum bone formation [procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP)] and bone resorption [β-cross laps (CTx)] markers among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: Total 58 children and adolescents with type 1 DM, who were given 2000 UI of cholecalciferol supplementation, were included in the study. These 58 children with available anthropometry, serum biochemistry, 25-hydroxyvitamin D ([25(OH)D]), and parathormone (PTH) were evaluated for bone formation (procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide [P1NP]) and resorption (β-cross laps [CTx]) markers. Results: The mean age and body mass index of these children were 11.6 ± 2.3 years (boys: 11.7 ± 2.4; girls: 12.2 ± 1.4 years; p = 0.04) and 18.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (boys: 18.1 ± 3.8; girls: 17.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2; p = 0.206), respectively. Baseline serum P1NP levels were positively correlated with serum phosphates (r = 0.281, p &lt; 0.001), PTH (r = 0.291, p &lt; 0.001), and CTx (r = 0.425, p &lt; 0.001) but not with age (r = -0.016, p = 0.404), BMI (r = -0.080, p = 0.032), serum calcium (r = -0.038, p = 0.107), and baseline 25(OH)D (r = -0.069, p = 0.035). Postsupplementation serum P1NP and CTx levels maintained similar correlations. There was a significant decline in serum P1NP (from 681 ± 223 ng/ml to 630 ± 279 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.01) and CTx (from 1.63 ± 0.51 ng/ml to 1.37 ± 0.53 ng/ml, p &lt; 0.01) following supplementation. Though decline in serum P1NP and CTx levels was observed in both boys and girls, among all supplementation patients, the effect was more marked in serum CTx than P1NP levels. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation in children resulted in decrease in both bone formation (P1NP) and resorption (CTx). The impact, however, was more marked on bone resorption than bone formation.

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