GRINSPAN SYNDROME: THE TRIAD

Lichen Planus is a chronic immunologically mediated mucocutaneous disorder with varied clinical manifestations. The condition might be associated with multiple causative or exacerbation factors. An interesting association of Oral Lichen Planus with Diabetes Mellitus and vascular hypertension is called as Grinspan's syndrome. Since its inception has been an arena of interest. It has appeared very lucrative to many researchers as it lacks clarity and enhanced ambiguity. A 65 year female patient came with a complaint of burning mouth and difficulty in swallowing since 1 year with H/O Diabetes Mellitus since 8years and hypertension since 2 years. Malignant transformation is the most significant complication of long standing and non healing Lichen Planus. Repeated follow up and biopsies are mandatory for prevention and early detection of malignant transformation. Keywords: Grinspan Syndrome, Hypertrophic Lichen Planus, Esophageal Lichen Planus

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The Characteristics of Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Malignant Transformation—A Retrospective Study of 271 Patients

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6525

Author(s):

Vladimíra Radochová ◽

Romana Koberová Ivančaková ◽

Ondřej Heneberk ◽

Radovan Slezák

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽

University Hospital ◽

Unknown Etiology ◽

Transformation Rate ◽

Oral Lichen

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology rating among oral potentially malignant disorder. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients with OLP and rate of malignant transformation. Patients and methods: Data were obtained from the medical records of 271 patients referred to the Oral Medicine Unit at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové diagnosed with oral lichen planus in the period of 2003–2020. The records were retrospectively analyzed. The following clinical data were retrieved from the medical charts: gender, age, systemic diseases, alcohol and tobacco consumption, localization/clinical appearance of lesions, distribution of the lesions, presence of the symptoms, treatment provided and malignant transformation. Results: A total of 271 charts of patients with confirmed diagnosis of OLP were retrospectively analyzed, of whom, 66.4% (180/271) were women and 33.6% (91/271) were men. The mean age of the patients was 56.0 (18.2–85.0) years. The median follow-up of all patients was 15.2 months. Overall, 2 patients (2/271, 0.74%) meeting the above-mentioned criteria for malignant transformation were identified during the follow-up period. Both patients suffered from erosive type OLP and developed squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. Conclusions: This retrospective study is in concordance with other studies showing the similar profile and clinical features of the patients with OLP. Malignant transformation rate was 0.74%.

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Oral Lichen Planus: risk factors of malignant transformation and follow up. Ten years retrospective study

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry ◽

10.4317/jced.57688 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

F. Zotti ◽

R. Nocini ◽

G. Capocasale ◽

D. Bertossi ◽

A. Fior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen

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Incidence and treatment outcome of oral lichen planus in Southeast Serbia in a 10-year period (1997-2007)

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0906434k ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (6) ◽

pp. 434-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ljiljana Kesic ◽

Radmila Obradovic ◽

Dragan Mihailovic ◽

Goran Radicevic ◽

Sasa Stankovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Systemic Corticosteroids ◽

Short Course ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Oral Lichen

Background/Aim. Lichen planus is a chronic, immunologic, mucocutaneous disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the most common forms of oral lichen planus (OLP) and its symptoms and to describe treatment responses in patients during 10-year period. Methods. The study was conduced on 163 OLP patients who came in the Department of Oral medicine and Periodontology between 1997 and September 2007. Each case was classified into one of four clinical subtypes: reticular, atrophic, erosive-ulcerative, bullous. Results. There was no significant difference in patients age. Women were found to be significantly more likely to have OLP (p < 0.001). Corticosteroids were effective in reducing symptoms, erythema and healing ulcers. Improvement was shown over a long term in 61.35% patients. Over the long term 38.65% patients maintained the same type of OLP or it became a more severe type. Two patients (1.22%) developed oral carcinoma during the follow-up period. Conclusion. The response of patients with erosive OLP to a short course of systemic corticosteroids often was quite remarkable. However, symptoms and signs tended to recur after this treatment. Periodic examinations, patient education, medical treatment, monitoring of side-effects as well as follow-up biopsies are necessary for management of OLP patients.

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Risk of Malignant Transformation in 3173 Subjects with Histopathologically Confirmed Oral Lichen Planus: A 33-Year Cohort Study in Northern Italy

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5740

Author(s):

Paolo G. Arduino ◽

Alessandro Magliano ◽

Alessio Gambino ◽

Alessandra Macciotta ◽

Mario Carbone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Lichen Planus ◽

Oral Lichen Planus ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Oral Lichen

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered an oral potentially malignant disorder. The aim of our study was to estimate the risk for oral cancer in patients diagnosed with OLP. Methods: A population-based cohort study between January 1988 and December 2020 at one hospital in Northern Italy was performed. The primary endpoint of the study was that of the histopathological diagnosis of oral cancer during the follow-up period. Results: The study population comprised 3173 patients. During the follow-up period, 32 men and 50 women developed an oral squamous cell carcinoma (2.58%), with a mean time of 103.61 months after the initial diagnosis of OLP, and 21 patients died because of oral cancer. Almost half of the deceased patients had the last follow-up visit before cancer diagnosis in a period of more than 12 months. Older age, having a red form of OLP and fewer sites of involvement, increased the risk of having cancer, while age and no treatment increased the risk of death. Conclusion: This is the largest group of OLP patients with such a long follow up ever reported. Due to the increased risk of having a malignant transformation, especially in elderly subjects, OLP patients should be regularly followed up, particularly in the Northern Italian population.

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