scholarly journals Role of Reducing the Vulnerability of Urban Texture in the Capacity of Relief and Rescue Operation after a Possible Earthquake in the District 5 of Isfahan, Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Rescue Operation ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Rescue And Relief ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

INTRODUCTION: Despite the progress of urbanization, earthquake as one of the most important natural hazards threatens most cities in the world. Accordingly, managing and reducing the vulnerability of cities to this disaster, as well as the planned relief and rescue operation, are of particular importance. The city of Isfahan, Iran, is one of the areas which requires proper attention and planning due to its high population density and vulnerability. In this regard, this study was conducted to identify the physical texture vulnerability of the District 5 of Isfahan to earthquakes and its impact during rescue and relief operations. METHODS: To conduct the research, the indices of access to green space, building density, population density, distance from the fault, distance from relief centers, access to roads and arteries, and width of roads were selected due to their frequency in studies conducted on the vulnerability of cities and scores given by specialists. Finally, the critical areas of the region were determined by weighting each of the indices using the analytic hierarchy process method in Expert Choice software (version 11) and examining the vulnerability of the region in the Geographic Information System. FINDINGS: It was revealed that 68% of the area had a suitable density of green space, and 73% and 88% of the region had low building and population densities, respectively. Moreover, 76% of the area had good access to relief centers and the whole area had proper passages. Finally, it was found that no faults passed through this area, and the impact of adjacent faults caused this area to be in a moderate situation in terms of vulnerability. CONCLUSION: The critical areas were determined by overlaying each of the vulnerability layers of the city and applying their degree of importance. The results showed that 6% and 18% of the areas were in critical and highly vulnerable conditions, respectively. Therefore, rescue and relief operations would be performed with an acceptable capacity after such disasters as earthquakes.

scholarly journals Determination of Temporary Shelter Areas by the Analytic Hierarchy Process Method: The Case of Burdur City Center, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 807-813
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Samet Aşıkkutlu ◽  
Yasin Aşık ◽  
Latif Gürkan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
City Center ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Process Method

Disasters adversely affect human life. Many people face sheltering problems after disasters. Temporary shelter areas are very important in terms of meeting people's post-disaster sheltering needs. In this study, it was aimed to determine temporary shelter areas in the city center of Burdur. The AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method was used to determine temporary shelter areas. According to certain criteria and spatial standards, six temporary shelter areas were determined in the city center of Burdur, and their adequacy was tested. Temporary shelters are located in urban open and green lands. Temporary shelter areas determined under today's conditions are adequate. However, it is predicted that temporary shelter areas will be inadequate in the upcoming process. Some recommendations were made about the problems and the path to be followed in the upcoming process. These recommendations will be useful for the post-disaster process.

Managing Vulnerability During Cascading Disasters: Language Access Services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Marco Federici
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Clear Communication ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Rescue And Relief ◽  
The Impact

Communication underpins all phases of disaster risk reduction: it is at the heart of risk mitigation, by increasing resilience and preparedness, and by interacting with affected communities in the response phase and throughout the reconstruction and recovery after a disaster. Communication does not alter the scope or severity of a disaster triggered by natural hazards, but the extent to which risk reduction strategies impact on affected regions depends greatly on existing differences inherent in the society of these regions. Ethnic minorities and multilingual language groups―which are not always one and the same―may become vulnerable groups when there has been little or no planning or no awareness of the impact of limited access to trustworthy information when the disaster strikes. Furthermore, large-scale disasters are likely to involve personnel from the humanitarian sector from both local and international offices. Communication in most large-scale events has progressively become multilingual; from the late 20th and early 21st centuries, it is expected that large disasters see collaboration between intergovernmental, governmental, local, national, and international entities that operate in different ways in rescue and relief operations. Regardless of linguistic contexts, communication of reliable information in a trustworthy manner is complex to achieve in the aftermath of a disaster, which may instantaneously affect telecommunication infrastructures (overloading VOIP and GPS systems). From coordination to information, clear communication plays a role in any activity intending to reduce risks, damages, morbidity, and mortality. Achieving clear communication in crisis management is a feat in a monolingual context: people from different organizations and with different capacities in multi-agency operations have at least a common language, nonetheless, terminology varies from one organization to another, thus hampering successful communication. Achieving effective and clear communication with multilingual communities, while using one language (or lingua franca), such as English, Arabic, Spanish, or Hindi, depending on the region, is impossible without due consideration to language translation.

The impact of urban regrowth on the built environment

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2683-2700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Wolff ◽  
Annegret Haase ◽  
Dagmar Haase ◽  
Nadja Kabisch
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

After several decades, an increasing number of European cities have been experiencing population growth after a longer phase of decline. This new growth represents not just a quantitative phenomenon but also has qualitative implications for the urban space and the built environment. A juxtaposition of re- and de-densification, as well as changes in land use, in the form of a small-scale spatial mosaic, can be observed. A crucial factor for estimating the relationship between the built environment and demand for it is population density. Increasing population densities may put pressure on sustaining a certain quality of life and on ecological recovery spaces. In this vein, an indicator concept for re- and de-densification will be applied to the city of Leipzig, one of the most illustrative examples of a regrowing city, in order to shed light on the complex relationship between changing human housing demands and their impact on land use. The concept involves measuring population density. Our study has demonstrated that, although similar density changes can be observed in different periods in different parts of the city, they are dominated by different drivers, leading to the formation of different spatial patterns. The results of our study emphasise that regrowth should be understood as a distinctive process because it is distributed very heterogeneously within the city area, with a variety of spatial effects and impacts. The concept allows us to draw conclusions about processes that mitigate, drive or reinforce regrowth, and therefore contributes to a better understanding of this phenomenon and its implications for land use.

Fire-Fighting Safety Assessment in City Zone

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 1688-1691
Author(s):  
Zun Ze Hou
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Fire Management ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Process Method

It is very important to assess the fire-fighting safety in city zone. That is the base of programming and arranging the city fire scientifically. According to the definition about the target of fire management in “The latest Fire-fighting Law”, this paper first proposed the method to classify it, determined the parts in the city zone fire-safety system, and determined the weight of each criterion by Analytic Hierarchy Process method. Secondly, it studied the model of city zone fire-safety assessment through the theory of fuzzy mathematics, and made some research and calculation on city zone fire-safety evaluation. Finally, it evaluated the condition of zone fire-safety in Xuan Wu Area in Beijing according to the model we have designed. The results showed that the methods we proposed and the calculations we have had were efficacious.

scholarly journals Does an Increase in Population Density Increases Transit Mode Split? Going Beyond the Contemporaneous Correlation Between Built Form and Public Transit Mode Share

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanaz Dorrani Arab ◽  
Murtaza Haider
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the relationship between public transit mode share and population density. It critically reviews the long-held belief that an increase in population density (compact built form) will result in an increase in public transit ridership. The research developed a longitudinal data set of travel behavior, transit supply, and proxies of built form for 1996 and 2016 for the City of Toronto. The data set is spatially disaggregated at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level such that the TAZs that divide the City into 480 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive zones. The paper found that a cross-sectional analysis of population density and transit mode share captures mostly the contemporaneous relationship between the two and does not, by default, lend credence to the argument that if the density increases over time at a place, it will subsequently result in higher public transit ridership. Such a question will require a longitudinal analysis where the impact of a change in public density over time is examined to determine its impact, if any, on transit ridership. Using Linear Mixed Models for longitudinal data, the paper found that the contemporaneous relation between density and transit mode share holds, but the change in population density over time does not automatically correlate with an increase in transit ridership

scholarly journals Kriteria Pemilihan Urutan Babi yang Disukai Konsumen di Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Teguh Gardipa ◽  
Nyoman Semadi Antara ◽  
I Wayan Gede Sedana Yoga
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
The City ◽  
Process Method

Bali has many traditional foods, the most popular traditional in Bali, sausage. This study aims to determine the criteria of the order of urutan product in the city of Denpasar, Bali and to find out the most priority characteristics among the criteria that have been determined against the order of urutan in the city of Denpasar, Bali. This study uses the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The results of this study indicate that the AHP Test on the criteria shows that the weighting of the five experts is included in the criteria consistently and it can be concluded that the most important criterion is the taste criteria, with score of 0.350. The most important criteria in the sub-criteria for taste are the spicy sub-criteria, with score of 0.505. The most important criterion in the sub-criteria in the process is the sun criteria sub-criteria, with a score of 0.329. The most important criteria in the sub-criteria for the composition are the fat meat sub-criteria, with a score of 0.622. The most important criteria in the sub-criteria at the price are the 80-90 sub-criteria with a score of 0.478. The most important criterion in the sub-criteria for texture is the soft sub-criteria which is a score of 0.758. Keywords: Urutan, AHP, fermentted sausage

scholarly journals Balancing Urban Green Space and Residential Infill Development: A Spatial Multi-Criteria Approach Based on Practitioner Engagement

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 1840004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Tiitu ◽  
Arto Viinikka ◽  
Leena Kopperoinen ◽  
Davide Geneletti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Infill Development ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The objectives in consolidating the urban form and preserving green spaces are often in conflict in growing cities. The usability of spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (SMCDA) was tested as a tool for integrating residential infill development and urban green spaces in the City of Järvenpää, Finland. In collaboration with local practitioners, this study focused on the benefits and challenges of SMCDA. The results were based on two workshops with the practitioners along with comprehensive GIS analyses based on a wide range of available data. The practitioners saw SMCDA as a useful method to bring together a variety of factors related to infill development. They highlighted the importance of the method’s transparency, emphasising the comprehensive explanation of each step of the method. Better understanding of the impact of individual criteria weightings on the results was mentioned as one of the key future developments of the method.

scholarly journals Does an Increase in Population Density Increases Transit Mode Split? Going Beyond the Contemporaneous Correlation Between Built Form and Public Transit Mode Share

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanaz Dorrani Arab ◽  
Murtaza Haider
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Built Form ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Mode Share ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the relationship between public transit mode share and population density. It critically reviews the long-held belief that an increase in population density (compact built form) will result in an increase in public transit ridership. The research developed a longitudinal data set of travel behavior, transit supply, and proxies of built form for 1996 and 2016 for the City of Toronto. The data set is spatially disaggregated at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level such that the TAZs that divide the City into 480 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive zones. The paper found that a cross-sectional analysis of population density and transit mode share captures mostly the contemporaneous relationship between the two and does not, by default, lend credence to the argument that if the density increases over time at a place, it will subsequently result in higher public transit ridership. Such a question will require a longitudinal analysis where the impact of a change in public density over time is examined to determine its impact, if any, on transit ridership. Using Linear Mixed Models for longitudinal data, the paper found that the contemporaneous relation between density and transit mode share holds, but the change in population density over time does not automatically correlate with an increase in transit ridership

scholarly journals Hazards and accessibility: combining and visualizing threat and open infrastructure data for disaster management

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jordi Tost ◽  
Fabian Ehmel ◽  
Frank Heidmann ◽  
Stephanie M. Olen ◽  
Bodo Bookhagen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Cartographic Generalization ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Accessibility

The assessment of natural hazards and risk has traditionally been built upon the estimation of threat maps, which are used to depict potential danger posed by a particular hazard throughout a given area. But when a hazard event strikes, infrastructure is a significant factor that can determine if the situation becomes a disaster. The vulnerability of the population in a region does not only depend on the area’s local threat, but also on the geographical accessibility of the area. This makes threat maps by themselves insufficient for supporting real-time decision-making, especially for those tasks that involve the use of the road network, such as management of relief operations, aid distribution, or planning of evacuation routes, among others. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach divided in two parts. First, data fusion of satellite-based threat data and open infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap, introducing a threat-based routing service. Second, the visualization of this data through cartographic generalization and schematization. This emphasizes critical areas along roads in a simple way and allows users to visually evaluate the impact natural hazards may have on infrastructure. We develop and illustrate this methodology with a case study of landslide threat for an area in Colombia.

scholarly journals Assessing the interplay between travel patterns and SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in realistic urban setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Patil ◽  
Raviraj Dave ◽  
Harsh Patel ◽  
Viraj M. Shah ◽  
Deep Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Contact Network ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract Background The dense social contact networks and high mobility in congested urban areas facilitate the rapid transmission of infectious diseases. Typical mechanistic epidemiological models are either based on uniform mixing with ad-hoc contact processes or need real-time or archived population mobility data to simulate the social networks. However, the rapid and global transmission of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has led to unprecedented lockdowns at global and regional scales, leaving the archived datasets to limited use. Findings While it is often hypothesized that population density is a significant driver in disease propagation, the disparate disease trajectories and infection rates exhibited by the different cities with comparable densities require a high-resolution description of the disease and its drivers. In this study, we explore the impact of creation of containment zones on travel patterns within the city. Further, we use a dynamical network-based infectious disease model to understand the key drivers of disease spread at sub-kilometer scales demonstrated in the city of Ahmedabad, India, which has been classified as a SARS-CoV-2 hotspot. We find that in addition to the contact network and population density, road connectivity patterns and ease of transit are strongly correlated with the rate of transmission of the disease. Given the limited access to real-time traffic data during lockdowns, we generate road connectivity networks using open-source imageries and travel patterns from open-source surveys and government reports. Within the proposed framework, we then analyze the relative merits of social distancing, enforced lockdowns, and enhanced testing and quarantining mitigating the disease spread. Scope Our results suggest that the declaration of micro-containment zones within the city with high road network density combined with enhanced testing can help in containing the outbreaks until clinical interventions become available.

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