scholarly journals Hazards and accessibility: combining and visualizing threat and open infrastructure data for disaster management

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jordi Tost ◽  
Fabian Ehmel ◽  
Frank Heidmann ◽  
Stephanie M. Olen ◽  
Bodo Bookhagen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Road ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Cartographic Generalization ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Geographical Accessibility

The assessment of natural hazards and risk has traditionally been built upon the estimation of threat maps, which are used to depict potential danger posed by a particular hazard throughout a given area. But when a hazard event strikes, infrastructure is a significant factor that can determine if the situation becomes a disaster. The vulnerability of the population in a region does not only depend on the area’s local threat, but also on the geographical accessibility of the area. This makes threat maps by themselves insufficient for supporting real-time decision-making, especially for those tasks that involve the use of the road network, such as management of relief operations, aid distribution, or planning of evacuation routes, among others. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a multidisciplinary approach divided in two parts. First, data fusion of satellite-based threat data and open infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap, introducing a threat-based routing service. Second, the visualization of this data through cartographic generalization and schematization. This emphasizes critical areas along roads in a simple way and allows users to visually evaluate the impact natural hazards may have on infrastructure. We develop and illustrate this methodology with a case study of landslide threat for an area in Colombia.

Visualization and Interaction with Multiple Devices. A Case Study on Reachability of Remote Areas for Emergency Management

i-com ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Tost ◽  
Frank Heidmann
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Road ◽  
Multiple Devices ◽  
Relief Operations ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Evacuation Routes

AbstractWhen a hazard event strikes, the reachability of affected areas is a significant factor that can determine if the situation becomes a disaster. Decision makers have to react quickly while under stress to tasks that depend on the road network, such as management of relief operations, planning of evacuation routes, or food and first aid distribution. In this paper we present an approach for exploring and validating reachability of remote areas through visualization with an interactive tabletop and tablets. We propose a simple way to combine and visualize data from scientists and communities to provide insights into area reachability, as well as the likely impacts of future hazard events on access routes. Moreover, our interface introduces an approach to assess alternative accessibility options to isolated settlements by helicopter or off-road routes that builds on satellite data and interactive collaborative mapping. This set of visualization and interaction techniques facilitates the formation of risk scenarios for better planning, preparedness and response activities. We developed our research with a case study of landslide threat for an area in Colombia.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of CO, NOx and PM10 on Air Quality during Road Construction and Operation Phases

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10549
Author(s):  
Marinella Giunta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Unpaved Road ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Co Concentrations

The road sector is one of the main sources of air emissions in the atmosphere during both construction and operation. The objective of the present paper is a comprehensive evaluation of the impact on air quality during the two main phases of life cycle of roads. In this case study of a motorway project, the emissions of the primary pollutants, CO, NOx, and PM10 are estimated, and the results showed that (i) CO and NOx pollutants released during both phases are comparable, while the emissions of PM10 are more significant in the construction phase; (ii) 85% of PM10 in construction is due to storage, transit on unpaved road, and crushing; (iii) the portals of the tunnel are the sites where there are higher concentrations of pollutants in operation; and (iv) the CO concentrations estimated by the dispersion model are strongly influenced by the topography.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF MAXIMUM VEHICLE LOAD AT THE AGE OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT (CASE STUDY OF THE ROAD SECTION OF HERA DILI TIMOR-LESTE

Neutron ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Junizia Elsa De Almeida ◽  
Koespiadi
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Road Section ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Load Increase ◽  
The Impact

The road network is a land transportation infrastructure that plays an important role in the transportation sector, especially for the balance of the distribution of goods and services, both from other regions. In this study, an analysis was conducted to find out how the influence of heavy vehicle volume increase on the service life of the road, while the method used was Bina Marga, the study was conducted by taking a case study on the Hera road section until Dili. This research is expected to find out how the service life of the road if the volume of heavy vehicles continues to increase. If the% of heavy vehicles increases, the thickness of the required surface layer will also be even greater. When% of vehicles or carrying heavy traffic loads are increased, the thickness of the existing layer cannot meet, because the calculation results with% of heavy vehicles increase by 10%, surface thickness 17.2 cm / This will cause the service life of the road to decrease because it is confirmed that the road will be damaged before the service period ends due to excessive load increase in heavy vehicles.

scholarly journals Sustainable Markets: Case Study Of Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc.

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean R. Manna ◽  
Gayle Marco ◽  
Brittany Lynn Khalil ◽  
Sara Meier
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Sustainable Marketing ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The traditional definition of sustainability calls for policies and strategies that meet societys present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (1). Sustainability is a concern in private and public sectors all over the world; it is an issue that resonates with people in all age ranges, income levels, and geographic locations. The main idea of sustainability is reduce, reuse, and recycle. People and organizations alike must consider every possible effect from the decisions they make in regards to the environment. With over 600,000,000 passenger cars on the road in the world, and over 50,000,000 passenger cars built each year, it is imperative that automakers make sustainable decisions (2). It is not just the large number of vehicles in the world that is cause for concern, but the immense amount of resources needed to manufacture, transport, and fuel them. Automakers must consider the impact that each car has during every stage of its life cycle, in addition to their responsibility to society (in terms of the environment, education, and safety) and the impact of their suppliers. This case study is designed to discuss the background of Toyota and highlight the companys current actions in regard to sustainable marketing; a comparison will also be made to the sustainable efforts of Honda and Subaru.

scholarly journals Using Mosses as Bioindicators of Potentially Toxic Element Contamination in Ecologically Valuable Areas Located in the Vicinity of a Road: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Radziemska ◽  
Zbigniew Mazur ◽  
Agnieszka Bes ◽  
Grzegorz Majewski ◽  
Zygmunt M. Gusiatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Straight Section ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Sharp Bend ◽  
The Road ◽  
The North ◽  
Wooded Area ◽  
National Road ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the impact of road transportation on the concentration of Zn, Ni, Pb, Co, and Cd in moss (Pleurozium schreberi). The study was carried out over five years near a national road running from the north to the east (Poland) in the area of Natura 2000 sites. Samples were collected at three significantly different locations: (1) near a sharp bend, (2) near a straight section of the road in a woodless area, and (3) in a slightly wooded area. At each location, moss samples were collected from sites situated 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 m from the road edge. The highest Zn and Cd contents in the moss were recorded 6 m from the road edge near a sharp bend (where vehicles brake sharply and accelerate suddenly). At the same location, at a distance of 2 m, the highest Pb concentration was noted, and at a distance of 4 m from the road, the highest Ni concentration was noted. The Co concentration in the moss was the highest near the woodless straight section at a distance of 2 and 12 m from the road. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Ni, Co (only at the woodless location), and Cd (at all locations) were significantly and negatively correlated with distance from the road.

scholarly journals Emergency ambulance speed characteristics: a case study of Lesser Poland voivodeship, southern Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Lupa ◽  
Monika Chuchro ◽  
Wojciech Sarlej ◽  
Katarzyna Adamek
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
Invaluable Tool ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe correct estimation of ambulance travel time is an extremely important issue from the perspective of healthcare and the security of citizens. In some events, the threat to the health or life of an injured person increases with each minute of waiting for an ambulance. The authors of this article analyzed how ambulances travel throughout the entire Lesser Poland voivodeship in southern Poland. Based on the analysis of 300 million GPS records that were collected over several years from 300 ambulances, real ambulance speed characteristics were compiled for the most important cities in the region. The obtained results regarding ambulance speed characteristics were used to understand the correlation between ambulance speed, the density of the road network, and the built-up areas of a given city. Furthermore, the impact on the speed of ambulances of traffic, time of day, day of the week, or the season was also examined. The influence of the use of ambulances’ lights/sirens on travel time was also examined. The culmination of the research was the presentation of the theoretical foundations of coverage maps and a method of implementing them based on the determined speed characteristics. The presented studies show that the speed at which ambulances move is a very local phenomenon. Also, a relatively constant average speed of ambulances throughout the whole week was found. Moreover, a difference in speed between signaled and non-signaled ambulance trips was observed. The speed characteristics that were obtained were used as input data for the development of dynamic coverage maps, which are an invaluable tool for supporting the decisions of ambulance dispatchers.

scholarly journals Increasing The Community Capacity for Facing of Disaster Multi-Risk (Case Study in Dayu Village, Gondangrejo District, Karanganyar Regency)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Noviani ◽  
Pipit Wijayanti ◽  
Chatarina Muryani ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Sarwono Sarwono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Capacity ◽  
Participatory Mapping ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Evacuation Route ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Method

<p><em>Dayu Village which located in Gondangrejo Subdistrict, Karangnyar Regency has the potential disaster multi risks. Therefore, necessary to increase the capacity of Dayu Village community in facing disaster multi risks as anticipatory effort to minimize the impact of losses disasters in the future. The research used quantitative descriptive method with scoring and overlay analysis techniques, while for increasing community capacity through socialization related to the physical conditions of the area, FGD, participatory mapping, training and making evacuation routes. Based on the analysis results, it is known that Dayu Village has high level of disaster multi-risk. The results of FGD and participatory mapping showed that there were 6 points landslide and 1 point flood in Dusun Dayu  and 4 landslide points and 2 flood points in Dusun Tanjung. These location points used as reference in determining the location of the gathering point along with the evacuation route to that gathering point.</em></p>

scholarly journals Human Trafficking Interdiction with Decision Dependent Success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARIS TEZCAN ◽  
Kayse Lee Maass
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Time Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a bi-level network interdiction model to increase the effectiveness of attempting to disrupt a human trafficking network under a resource constrained environment. To model the behavior of the trafficker, we present a new interpretation of the traditional maximum flow network problem in which the arc capacity parameter serves as a proxy for the trafficker's desirability to travel along segments of the network. The objective for the anti-human trafficking stakeholder is to invest resources in detection and intervention efforts throughout the network in a manner that minimizes the trafficker's expected maximum desirability of operating on the network. Interdictions are binary, and their effects are stochastic (i.e., there is a positive probability that a disruption attempt is unsuccessful). A multi-stage version of the model is presented, which incorporates the effect of interdictions becoming more or less successful over time. Model insights are presented using a case study of the road network in the Eastern Development Region of Nepal. Multiple problem instances are solved with a genetic algorithm that uses a pseudo-utility ratio for the repair operation. Observations regarding the impact of probabilistic interdiction success and the implications it has for optimal policies to disrupt a human trafficking network with limited resources are discussed.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of Policies on Pedestrian Safety and a Case Study of New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajjima Soathong ◽  
Douglas Wilson ◽  
Prakash Ranjitkar ◽  
Subeh Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Pedestrian Safety ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Crashes ◽  
The Impact

Vulnerable road users contribute to nearly half of road deaths globally. In New Zealand, this group accounts for 26% of road deaths, which includes 8% of pedestrian crashes. This paper provides a critical review of the road safety policies from the pedestrian’s viewpoint for some of the best performing countries and discusses their effectiveness for the future. A case study is conducted for New Zealand to identify factors contributing to the pedestrian crashes and investigate the impact of the road safety policies on pedestrian crash trends. The policies are predominantly well informed by evidence-based approaches contributing to an overall reduction in the number of road crashes. However, little attention has been paid on pedestrian behaviour related to crashes. Finally, the paper makes recommendations for improving pedestrian safety to enable better safety outcomes that are closer to vision zero.

scholarly journals Evaluation of transport networks as disaster evacuation routes (Case study of flood disaster in Huamual Sub-District, Maluku)

2018 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Ahmad Munawar ◽  
Joko Sujono ◽  
Adam Pamudji Rahardjo ◽  
Joko Murwono ◽  
Ahmad Nur Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Evacuation Routes ◽  
Local Materials

As the global warming occurs, the effects of rainy and dry seasons in Indonesia have changed. Extreme rainfall causes some several disasters of such as flash floods and landslides which cause loss of life, damage to facilities, infrastructure and transport routes, as well as damage to the economy. The method used in this study began with a field survey conducted in Dusun Nasiri, Dusun Mange-mange, and Dusun Hatamanu to determine the condition of the road network between the centre of local government to the affected villages. In addition, laboratory tests were carried out in the Transport Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. This study produced several maps by using ArcGIS software, and the laboratory tests produce findings on the feasibility of local materials for the restoration of the raod network. The maps showed the affected area and the routes for evacuation and the distribution of logistical, medical and paramedical aid, CFA, Makassar.

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