scholarly journals Paternal Aggression in Early-Life Impairs the Spatial Memory and Passive Avoidance Learning in Adulthood of Male Rats: The Possible Role of DRD2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Solmaz Khalifeh Khalifeh ◽  
◽  
Somayeh Tirbakhsh ◽  
Sareh Asadi ◽  
Ehsan Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Passive Avoidance Learning ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Drd2 Gene

Negative early-life experiences (e.g., having an aggressive father) can leave long-lasting impacts on the behavior. However, it is not clear if they influence learning and memory. In this study, we investigated the influences that the presence of an aggressive father had on the level of passive avoidance learning and spatial memory. We also studied the changes in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) gene expression in the hippocampus. Then, we evaluated if a DRD2 antagonist (Sulpiride, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 µg/rat) could modulate these changes. We found that the subjects exposed to early-life stress made by aggressive fathers had impaired passive avoidance learning and spatial memory than those with normal fathers. Treatment with Sulpiride improved passive avoidance learning and spatial memory in rats with aggressive fathers. The rats with aggressive fathers also had higher expression of the DRD2 gene in their hippocampus than those with normal fathers, while the PGC-1α gene expression was not different among groups. Treatment with Sulpiride (0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 µg/rat) reduced the DRD2 gene expression in those with aggressive fathers to the normal level in those with normal fathers. These data suggest that living in a shared place with an aggressive father, even without any physical contact, can detrimentally affect passive avoidance learning and spatial memory which is accompanied by the increased expression of the DRD2 gene. Also, Sulpiride as a dopaminergic antagonist could reverse this process.

scholarly journals Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Dehbani ◽  
Alireza Komaki ◽  
Farshid Etaee ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
Masoumeh Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Passive Avoidance Learning ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Melissa officinalis (MO) or lemon balm is traditionally used as a sedative and anti-spasm herbal medicine. There is also evidence that this plant has effects on learning and memory. This study examined the effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory in male rats. Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (200 to 220 g; n = 10 per group); three dose groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the hydro-alcoholic extract of MO) and vehicle control (saline) group. Saline or doses of extract were administered daily for 14 days by oral gavage. The rats were trained to enter the shuttle box to record their behavior in the PAL task. A retrieval test was performed 24 hours following training. Results: A significant difference was seen in performance among MO groups and the control. MO administered animals had a decreased number of acquisition trials (P < 0.05). In the retention task, MO administered animals had an increased step-through latency (SLT) (P < 0.01), and a decreased latency in the dark compartment (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study show that MO can improve learning and memory in the PAL task. Further investigation is needed to enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of the MO extract and its effects on learning and memory.

Omega-3 fatty acids prevent LPS-induced passive avoidance learning and memory and CaMKII-α gene expression impairments in hippocampus of rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Gholamian Dehkordi ◽  
Maryam Noorbakhshnia ◽  
Kamran Ghaedi ◽  
Abolghasem Esmaeili ◽  
Mohammad Dabaghi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Passive Avoidance Learning ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Nandrolone administration abolishes hippocampal fEPSP-PS potentiation and passive avoidance learning of adolescent male rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Zarei ◽  
Farshad Moradpour ◽  
Ahmad Ali Moazedi ◽  
Ali Pourmotabbed ◽  
Mozhgan Veisi
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Avoidance Learning ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Passive Avoidance Learning ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Postsynaptic Potential

Despite the chronic effects of nandrolone decanoate (ND), the acute effects of ND on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory and its mechanism have not been investigated. This research examines the acute effect of ND on PAL, CA1 synaptic plasticity, testosterone and corticosterone serum levels, and the role of androgenic receptors (ARs). Adolescent male rats were treated with ND, 30 min before training and retention and after training test. AR antagonist was applied 15 min before ND. Hippocampal slices were perfused by ND. ND administration had an inverted U-shape effect on acquisition of PAL and on testosterone and corticosterone serum levels. The consolidation was only affected by high dose of ND. ND significantly decreased the retention of PAL across all doses. The magnitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potential long term potentiation was lower than that of control slices. In addition, an attenuation of field excitatory postsynaptic potential population spike coupling was also observed. Nilutamide could nullify the ND impairment effect. We concluded although a single dose of ND could affect all stages of PAL, its effects were more potent on retrieval, possibly arising from the acute effect of ND on the alterations of CA1 synaptic plasticity. In addition, ND may induce its effects directly through ARs and indirectly through plasma testosterone and corticosterone.

scholarly journals Early life stress induces immune priming in kidneys of adult male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. F343-F355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
Ijeoma E. Obi ◽  
Dao H. Ho ◽  
Analia S. Loria ◽  
Jennifer S. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Activation Markers ◽  
Gene Expression Response

Early life stress (ELS) in humans is associated with elevated proinflammatory markers. We hypothesized that ELS induces activation of the immune response in a rat model of ELS, maternal separation (MatSep), in adulthood. MatSep involves separating pups from the dam from postnatal day 2 to postnatal day 14 for 3 h/day. Control rats are nonseparated littermates. We determined circulating and renal immune cell numbers, renal immune cell activation markers, renal cytokine levels, and the renal inflammatory gene expression response to low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male MatSep and control rats. We observed that MatSep did not change the percentage of gated events for circulating CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/Foxp3+ cells or absolute numbers of mononuclear and T cells in the circulation and kidneys; however, MatSep led to an increase in activation of renal neutrophils as well as CD44+ cells. Renal toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) was significantly increased in MatSep rats, specifically in the outer and inner medulla and distal nephron, respectively. Evaluation of renal inflammatory genes showed that in response to a low-dose LPS challenge (2 mg/kg iv) a total of 20 genes were significantly altered in kidneys from MatSep rats (17 genes were upregulated and 3 were downregulated), as opposed to no significant differences in gene expression in control vs. control + LPS groups. Taken together, these findings indicate that MatSep induces priming of the immune response in the kidney.

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