scholarly journals Recombinant Lactococcus, a New Approach to Oral Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-805
Author(s):  
Marzieh Rezaei ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Rabbani Khorasgani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Aliramaei ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Recombinant Lactococcus Lactis

Background and Aim: The genus of Lactococcus lactis belonging to the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) group, is a gram-positive, faculative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, and non-motile bacterium. The present study aimed to introduce LAB, especially non-pathogenic, non-invasive, and safe Lactococcus lactis. Accordingly, we examined the previous studies concerning the advantages, limitations, promotion methods, and future prospects of oral vaccines based on this bacterium. This is because it is a potentially promising strategy for the vaccine production and prevention of some infectious diseases. Methods & Materials: In this review article, 62 studies related to Lactococcus lactis and its application in producing oral vaccines were collected through searching databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus published from 1981 to 2020. Ethical Considerations This article was approved by the Ethical Research Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with the number 1396/99. Results: Lactococcus lactis, as a safe microorganism, is widely used in the food industry. Live recombinant Lactococcus lactis as a "biologic drug" is orally administered as one of the live vaccines expressing viral and bacterial antigens. Conclusion: Recombinant Lactococcus-based vector can be suitable substitutes for live attenuated vaccines. Moreover, it can be a safe and food-grade host for manufacturing the desired products of human consumption over other systems. It also presents a high potential for vaccine delivery, especially through mucosal methods to prevent or treat certain diseases.

Experimental Validation of Minimax Entropy Principle in Ultrasound Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Svav Prasad ◽  
Leena Arya
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
Measure Of Uncertainty

Ultrasound imaging is one of the non-invasive imaging, that diagnoses the disease inside a human body and there are numerous ultrasonic devices being used frequently. Entropy as a well known statistical measure of uncertainty has a considerable impact on the medical images. A procedure for minimizing the entropy with respect to the region of interest is demonstrated. This new approach has shown the experiments using Extracted Region Of Interest Based Sharpened image, called as (EROIS) image based on Minimax entropy principle and various filters. In this turn, the approach also validates the versatility of the entropy concept. Experiments have been performed practically on the real-time ultrasound images collected from ultrasound centers and have shown a significant performance. The present approach has been validated with showing results over ultrasound images of the Human Gallbladder.

scholarly journals E. coli Enterotoxin LtB Enhances Vaccine-Induced Anti-H. pylori Protection by Promoting Leukocyte Migration into Gastric Mucus via Inflammatory Lesions

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Peng ◽  
Rongguang Zhang ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Feiyan Yu ◽  
Mingyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
H Pylori

Current studies indicate that the anti-H. pylori protective efficacy of oral vaccines to a large extent depends on using mucosal adjuvants like E. coli heat-lable enterotoxin B unit (LtB). However, the mechanism by which Th17/Th1-driven cellular immunity kills H. pylori and the role of LtB remains unclear. Here, two L. lactis strains, expressing H. pylori NapA and LtB, respectively, were orally administrated to mice. As observed, the administration of LtB significantly enhanced the fecal SIgA level and decreased gastric H. pylori colonization, but also markedly aggravated gastric inflammatory injury. Both NapA group and NapA+LtB group had elevated splenocyte production of IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23 and INF-γ. Notably, gastric leukocytes’ migration or leakage into the mucus was observed more frequently in NapA+LtB group than in NapA group. This report is the first that discusses how LtB enhances vaccine-induced anti-H. pylori efficacy by aggravating gastric injury and leukocytes’ movement into the mucus layer. Significantly, it brings up a novel explanation for the mechanism underlying mucosal cellular immunity destroying the non-invasive pathogens. More importantly, the findings suggest the necessity to further evaluate LtB’s potential hazards to humans before extending its applications. Thus, this report can provide considerable impact on the fields of mucosal immunology and vaccinology.

Pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis: A new approach of non-invasive diagnosis in clinic

Pancreatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. S89-S90
Author(s):  
K. Lesko ◽  
G. Varvanina ◽  
D. Bordin ◽  
E. Dubtsova ◽  
M. Malykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Fibrosis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Oral immunization of a non-recombinant Lactococcus lactis surface displaying influenza hemagglutinin 1 (HA1) induces mucosal immunity in mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0187718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pui-Fong Jee ◽  
Vunjia Tiong ◽  
Meng-Hooi Shu ◽  
Jing-Jing Khoo ◽  
Won Fen Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽  
Recombinant Lactococcus Lactis

scholarly journals The effects of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and its supernatant on some bacteriological and sensory values in Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) fillets

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Abbaspour Anbi ◽  
Vadood Razavilar ◽  
Moslem Neyriz Naghadehi ◽  
Masoud Seidgar ◽  
Ali Nekuiefard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis Subsp ◽  
Live Bacteria ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Samples

Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have a great potential as bio-preservatives. The live cells and supernatant Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis induced bacteriological changes in Onchorhynchus mykiss fillet by spray and immersion methods was studied during vacuum- packaged storage at 4 °C for 15 days. 40 kg of O. mykiss were prepared from a culture farm in Oshnavieh (Northwest Iran) and 112 fillet samples (100g) were prepared by aseptic method. L. lactis subsp. lactis (PTCC1336) bacteria was cultured in MRS culture medium. Its supernatant (2%, 4%) was extracted and 106 CFUml-1 dilutions of LAB were prepared and tested on the fillets to enhance their shelf life. All samples were evaluated regarding to growth of psychrotrophic, psychrophilic, mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts. Four characteristics including of odor, flavor, texture and color of fillets after and before cooking were evaluated for sensory analysis on days 1, 5, 10 and 15 and compared with control samples. The 4% supernatant and live bacteria were more effective than that of 2% and control (P<0.05). The amounts of corrosive bacteria in 4% and live cells in storage time were less than human consumption limits (7log CFUg-1), whereas in control and 2% supernatant treatments were more than that limits. The results showed that increasing the percentage of supernatant was more effective on bacteriologic factors and enhanced sensory characteristics of rainbow trout fillets (P<0.05).

Industry Watch

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 297-308
Keyword(s):  
Phase Ii ◽  
Cancer Vaccine ◽  
Phase Ii Trial ◽  
Invasive Cancer ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Bird Flu ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Anti Cancer

Ai Scientific Awarded R&D Start Grant. CSIRO Drug Effective against Bird Flu. AustCancer Commences Anti-cancer Vaccine Phase II Trial. New Approach against Cancer. Non-invasive Cancer Test. China’s Chemical Pharmaceutical Sector Q1 2003 Performance. International Generic Companies Target India’s Manufacture Infrastructure. Cardinal Health Sets up Regional Office in Singapore. BRV Enters Agreement with Genedata.

The Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor Cells and DNAs as Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Memarpour ◽  
Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha ◽  
Awa Alizadeh Ghannad ◽  
Masoud Sharifian Razavi ◽  
Mona Joudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gi Cancer ◽  
Gi Cancers ◽  
Tumor Dna

: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer is one of the most common cancers globally. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis. The conventional methods for diagnosis and screening for GI cancers are often invasive and have other limitations. In the era of personalized medicine, a novel non-invasive approach called liquid biopsy has been introduced for the detection and management of GI cancers, which focuses on the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA). Several studies have shown that this new approach allows for an improved understanding of GI tumor biology and will lead to an improvement in clinical management. The aim of the current review is to explore the clinical applications of CTCs and ctDNA in patients with GI cancer.

DRAIN VERSUS NO DRAIN AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY-A COMPARATIVE STUDY.

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
Neelesh Bansal ◽  
Simran Simran ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Primary Outcome Variable ◽  
Drain Group ◽  
Calculate Sample Size ◽  
Site Pain

INTRODUCTION Gallstones are the most common conditions encountered in surgical OPD. The prevalence rose with age, except in women of 40-49 years, so that at 60-69 years, 22.4% of women and 11.5% of men had gall stones or had undergone cholecystectomy. With the help of this study, best treatment option for cholecystectomy patient (whether to insert drain or not), was ensured in terms of post lap cholecystectomy collections of bile or blood, drain site pain. The study was provide knowledge whether drain insertion was benecial or harmful to patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS This comparative study was presented to the surgery OPD and emergency department with cholelithiasis within a period of 1 year from the approval of Research committee and Ethics Committee, Adesh institute of medical sciences and research, Bathinda. The primary outcome variable used to calculate sample size is amount of collection on post-operative day 3(Quantitative Variable) in both groups. Total 100 patients were present in this study. RESULT In this present study VAS median grade in patients with drain was G4 (48%), followed by G3(47%) then G2(5%). VAS median grade in without drain group was G2 (48%), followed by G3(31%) and G1(16%). CONCLUSION There is no signicant difference as far as post operative wound infection in laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with drain or without drain. Therefore in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy keeping drain can be avoided as it does not provide any additional benet.

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