Phase Model of Market Economy

2005 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yegorenkov ◽  
E. Kazakova ◽  
M. Starodubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Status Change ◽  
Means Of Production

The phase model of market economy is suggested in the article. It is formalized in the cubical equation The equation takes into account the imperfections of competition and the fact that consumer goods are produced with the help of means of production. Transitions from the imperfect competition to the perfect one and visa versa yield qualitative status change of market economy.

In Search of a Long-Term Development Path for China: Starting from Differences between Assigning Responsibility and Contracting

Rural China ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-183
Author(s):  
Philip C. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Development Path ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Sphere ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Party State ◽  
Socialist Market ◽  
Means Of Production

The “third sphere” born of the interacting of a market economy with a centralized state, and of a system of market contracting 合同 with administrative “assigning responsibility” 发包/承包, has become a key characteristic of the new political-economic system of Reform China. It has imported the private enterprise market economy of the modern West, but has also retained the (revolutionary) tradition of a socialist party-state and its ownership of the principal means of production. Its administrative system resembles more and more the modern West’s (Weberian) bureaucratic system, but it has also retained the traditional imperial Chinese “centralized minimalism” and “parcelized despotism” characteristics. It cannot be grasped by the either/or dualistic opposites mode of thinking, but can only be understood in terms of the combining and interacting of dualistic opposites. The combination may be understood as one concrete and substantive meaning of the officialized term of a “socialist market economy.”

scholarly journals The Market Pricing Issues in the Courses of Fundamental Economic Disciplines at Ukrainian HEIs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (516) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
N. V. Starchuk ◽  
◽  
D. O Liebiedieva ◽  
O. M. Bondarets ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Market Pricing ◽  
Economic Training

In the context of market economy in Ukraine, specialists should know the essence of market self-regulation: economic laws, the effect of a market mechanism, market pricing. Such information is given by fundamental (theoretical) economic disciplines, the courses of which in the higher education institutions of Ukraine must be really thought out. When choosing a model of transition from planned to market pricing and in subsequent pricing policy, there was a lag in economic theory and insufficient economic training of specialists as to issues of market pricing, which was chosen as the object of research. The article examines the market pricing materials in the courses of fundamental economic disciplines, textbooks and manuals. According to the results of research, the following conclusions are drawn: in textbooks and manuals on political economy there is not enough information on economic pricing laws, the effect of the market mechanism (only the first two economic laws are mentioned). It is proposed to systematically teach all seven economic pricing laws: their essence, effects, relationship and distribution according to the economic systems of society. The authors have developed the model «Market mechanism effect. Economic pricing laws». In the course of political economy, it is advisable to study not only the industrial market economy, but also the post-industrial information and network economy, the patterns of which are not yet properly known and are fundamentally different. In the course of microeconomics, attention should be paid to the markets of imperfect competition, where a company can influence the price, namely: the markets of monopolistic competition. More attention should be paid to the elasticity of demand in order to develop an effective pricing policy of the company. In the course of macroeconomics, special attention should be paid to keynesian theory, which, unlike neoclassical, correctly considers the markets of goods, services, labor, money imperfectly competitive markets, and their prices not completely flexible (crunch effect). A comparative analysis of political economy and economics is carried out and a conclusion is made about the priority of political economy, which is paid more attention. The fallacy of the trend of displacement of applied fundamental economic disciplines in Ukraine, which are the basis for economic policy, is substantiated. Proposed: economists-theorists shold be trained at HEIs separately; to strengthen the economic training of higher education applicants regarding not only economic, but also non-economic specialties, which will ensure optimal unity of empirical, theoretical and applied knowledge, as well as the possibility of creative approach to understanding the role of economic theory in planning opportunities for personal professional development.

scholarly journals System of the Relations of a Property and its Importance for Economy Development

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Kudaikulov
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Scientific Socialism ◽  
Means Of Production

According to recommendations within the Washington consensus which for successful transition from planned methods of managing in the Post-Soviet countries to market economy assumes formation of a class of owners for what actions for privatization of state ownership were recommended. But research carried out by the author of article shows that importance of the property rights to means of production fades into the background in relation to economy operating conditions. For development of market economy not important who is the legal owner of means of production, and the next moment is important: between whom the received income is distributed when using these means of production i.e. who is the economic owner of these means of production. Ideal conditions for healthy functioning of economy are under construction on interest in increase in the income and its complete display for further distribution through tax system that we and observe in the developed economy. It follows from this that the importance of the property rights to means of production in works of classics of a scientific socialism was overestimated that formed in turn the basis for incorrect counteractions within the Washington consensus.

scholarly journals Estimates of Changes in Real Wages in Poland During the 1960s

Slavic Review ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-656
Author(s):  
Bogdan Mieczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Goods ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Economic Journal ◽  
Substantial Rise ◽  
Means Of Production

“The productive effort of society,” Communist mythology avers, “has as its goal the provision of increasingly abundant amounts of consumer goods. Moreover, that is the ultimate aim of all production. It should be noted that in a socialist economy, in contrast with systems based on private ownership of the means of production, it becomes a direct goal.” It is also said that “the aim of the socialist economy is full satisfaction of the needs of the population.” One would expect that the fulfillment of this aim would be accompanied by a substantial rise in real wages. The purpose of this note is to check whether that logical conclusion applies to changes in real wages in Poland, by comparing two recent independent estimates—one by W. Krencik, published in Gospodarka Planowa, the Polish economic journal devoted to problems of planning, and the other by the present writer, published in Soviet Studies.

Karl Polanyi and Markets in the Ancient Near East: The Challenge of the Evidence

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris Silver
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Near East ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Price Mechanism ◽  
Karl Polanyi ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Stage Theories

The essay challenges Karl Polanyi's position—that ancient Near Eastern economies knew state and temple administration but not price-making markets. It is found that the prerequisite functions of a market economy listed by Polanyi—the allocation of consumer goods, land, and labor through the supply-demand-price mechanism; risk-bearing organized as a market function; and loan markets—were all present in the ancient Near East. Although Polanyi criticized stage theories with their “predilection for continuity” he imposed his own version of continuity on history in lumping together many thousands of years under the rubric of “archaic society.” This perspective prevented him from recognizing that ancient Mesopotamia experienced lengthy and significant periods of unfettered market activity as well as periods of pervasive state regulation.

scholarly journals Republicanism and property-owning democracy: How are they connected?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Stuart White
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Productive Assets ◽  
Means Of Production

Recent years have seen a growth of interest in republicanism in academic political theory (Sandel, 1996; Pettit, 1997, 2012; Skinner, 1998; Honohan, 2002). There has also been a more modest growth of interest in “Property-Owning Democracy” (POD) as a form of economic organization, as advocated by John Rawls (Rawls, 1999). A POD is a market economy, with a significant role for private ownership of the means of production, but in which public authority is used to sustain an egalitarian distribution of productive assets so that market outcomes are more equal than is typical of a capitalist society. The categorisation of Rawls’s theory as “liberal”, combined with the tendency to see “liberalism” and “republicanism” as rival, even opposing schools of thought, might lead one to think that republicanism and POD stand in some kind of rival or antagonistic relationship.

scholarly journals economic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
hijratul husna
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Means Of Production

The problem of poverty is often associated with the problem of inequality in income distribution. Continuous economic growth does not always reduce poverty or economic growth which does not have a positive correlation with income distribution.The inequality of income distribution makes the rich and the poor's ravines increasingly steep which results in social jealousy and the potential to trigger various criminal acts.Inequality can be caused by inequality of natural resources (SDA), expertise, talent, and capital (an economic system in which trade, industry and means of production are controlled by private owners with the aim of gaining profits in the market economy, capital owners in trying to reach as big as possible), as well as inappropriate development strategies that are growth-oriented.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ARTISTIC MEANS IN TEACHING ECONOMIC THEORY (SECTION «MICROECONOMICS»)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (32) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
E.R. Gimaletdinova ◽  
◽  
G.G. Sunaevа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Theory Section ◽  
Factor Markets ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The article examines the application of the principle of visibility in pedagogy, on the example of teaching the section "microeconomics" of the course "Economic theory". Artistic tools and techniques allow you to analyze economic aspects, processes, phenomena, and contexts in the course taught through artistic literary works and films, paintings, theater productions, etc. Using the principle of clarity in this case allows students to facilitate the process of perception and assimilation of theoretical material, makes it possible to emotionally influence the student; enriched sensory perception of students, develops their imagination, learning becomes more intelligible, interesting, encouraged active learning process, improves efficiency of mastering of educational material, expanded memory capabilities, increased access to study material and enhanced the strength of its absorption, it should also take into account the educational value and aesthetic value of the material used. Artistic means should correspond to the level of development of students, the course being studied, and reflect the economic reality. When using works of art in teaching, the following should be taken into account: it is necessary to refer to those works that are known to the majority of the audience, the lecturer should know the work referred to well, the passage used should be quite brief, but deep in content and artistic in form, highlight important aspects that are worth paying attention to when watching a movie, reading a book, or analyzing a picture. When teaching the course "Economic theory", the section "microeconomics", using the principle of clarity of didactics, it is recommended to use selected on the relevant topics, questions and subqueries artistic literary masterpieces of domestic and foreign authors, paintings of Soviet, Russian, world cinema, works of art painting both domestic and foreign: in the topic "Fundamentals of market economy", questions "economic needs and economic resources", " economic systems»; the topic "Theory of the firm", the question "the essence, goals, conditions of functioning of the firm"; the topic "Perfect and imperfect competition", the question "the Main characteristics of monopoly"; the topic " factor Markets and income distribution. Social policy", questions "inequality of income distribution in a market economy", "social policy".

scholarly journals ТРУДОВІ ВІДНОСИНИ ЯК ОБ'ЄКТ РИНКОВОГО РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Є. І. Чернявська ◽  
О. А. Овєчкіна
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Market Reform ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Cost

Formulation of the problem. The article is devoted to the analysis of labor relations in the context of the cost of labor in a market economy. The aim of the research is to justify the doctrine of choosing social tax policy guidelines, based on the current requirements of democratic transformation in Ukraine. The object of the research is labor relations in terms of market reform of the economy. The methods used of the research: methods of systematization and generalization methods; induction and deduction; interdisciplinary analogy. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that bringing the salary into line with the cost of labor requires significant improvement of labor relations, the adoption of the new Labor Code in the context of market subjection of industrial relations, which is part of the relationship with labor services. The statement of basic materials. It is substantiated that the labor market is a market of imperfect competition, with dominant positions of employers, because of the important role in regulating prices for labor services is played by the mechanism of collective-contractual regulation of labor relations. In Ukraine, during market reforms, wages are underestimated. The originality and practical significance of the research. In the context of effective economic development, ensuring conditions for qualitative reproduction of human capital, achieving compromises in society requires a radical improvement of the nature of labor relations. This improvement involves the adoption of a number of legislative decisions. This is a legislative solution to the problem of subjection of industrial relations as a market form of economic development and addressing issues of effective employment. Subjection of industrial relations is a process of transformation of participants of economic activity into subjects of a modern market economy, which should be equal, have rights, social duties and mechanisms of protection. Conclusions of the research. In the organization of economic activity, the practice of economic activity, as well as in other spheres of society life should actively use the conceptual development of a positive and normative economic theory to create a partnership model of labor relations on a market basis. The biggest disadvantage of the market reform of the Ukrainian economy was the ignoring at the level of legislation of the conclusions and formulated requirements of economic theory, which caused a significant understatement of wages in relation to the cost of labor and caused the emergence of a number of negative phenomena.

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