scholarly journals LEGAL REGULATION OF WIND ENERGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Oleksii Piddubnyi ◽  
Yevhenii Kokoshko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Global World

The development of alternative energy sources in general and wind energy (including marine) in particular has become increasingly active in recent years. More and more countries around the world are seeking to incorporate the use of renewable energy into their daily lives to meet their international commitments and tasks. Among such tasks are global world policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, decarbonize the economy, production, and industry. The best and easiest way to achieve this goal has been the largescale implementation of legal regulation of non-traditional energy sources at both the international and national levels. Such implementation has greatly facilitated and made it possible to achieve the ambitious climate goals that were named in Paris in 2015 and subsequently reflected in the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The article examines the main program of the European Union on the policy of decarbonization of the European Green Deal, its goals, and aspirations. Attention is paid to a derived regulation for a more detailed understanding of this policy, namely European Climate Law. The legal regulation of wind energy is studied on the example of the Republic of Ukraine, the Republic of Poland, the United States of America, the Republic of Colombia, and the Federal Republic of Brazil. The legal regulation of wind energy in each of the studied countries is unique. At one time, this was influenced by global crises and national ideas, plans and strategies.

ESTABLISHMENT AND CURRENT STATE OF LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF WIND ENERGY IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyna Karakhanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
World Energy

The article considers the legal basis for the formation and development of the country's energy sector, in particular, the issue of energy production from renewable sources, among which the leading place belongs to wind energy. The tendencies of the world energy market, which minimize the negative impact on the environment, as well as the tendencies of development of this branch in Ukraine are investigated. It was stated that for our country wind energy is one of the strategic directions of development of the sector of alternative energy sources, given the high dependence of the country on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and significant potential for wind power, taking into account the location, climate and terrain. However, unfortunately, the pace of development of wind energy in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is noted that the legislative provision of the use of wind energy in Ukraine as a source of alternative energy is characterized primarily by the number of bylaws, general declarative legislation, as well as some inconsistencies in legal regulation. An analysis of current legislation and a number of regulations governing the development of the industry in general and wind energy in particular. A review of the norms that relate purely to the issues of the research area and their features and direction of legal regulation. In addition, it was stressed that Ukraine's accession to European initiatives, as well as borrowing international experience in this area should positively affect the energy balance and ensure the development of the sector, in particular, in the light of the need to create a full competitive environment in Ukraine's energy market; changes in heat generation by renewable energy sources and the full transformation of coal regions, which means the gradual closure of unprofitable enterprises with the parallel creation of alternative jobs in these regions.

scholarly journals Legal aspects of the use of bioenergy in the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holub Svitlana ◽  
◽  
Shynkaruk Nataliia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
The Eu

The article explores the features of the legal regulation of bioenergy in the European Union, analyses the concepts of bioenergy and biofuels in Ukrainian and European legislation and highlights the main provisions of the European Union Directives, concerning the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, including biomass. In particular, bioenergy has been identified in the EU as the leading source of renewable energy for heating and cooling (88 per cent of all RES), representing 16 per cent of the total European final energy consumption in this sector. Consequently, in view of the demand for and the need to use such a resource, the EU legislative framework contains a number of principles (bases) and mandates for regulating the relationship in the area of manufacturing, handling and decontamination of waste biofuels as a primary feedstock for bioenergy. In particular, the fundamental principles of the EU bioenergy legislation are, first, the principle of sustainable production and consumption of biomass, and second, the prevention of reduction of negative impacts from the use of this resource, Third, increasing the share of alternative energy sources to 75 % of final energy consumption by 2050. Keywords: bioenergy, permanence, alternative energy sources, biofuels

SEPARATE PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ievgenii Shulga ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Shynkaruk ◽  
Nataliia Yashchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The Government

The article examines topical problems of the role of international organizations in the direction of the development of alternative energy and strengthening of energy security in the world. Considerable attention is paid to the importance of the introduction and development of alternative energy in the context of ensuring environmental human rights and economic well-being. Analyzed the main international legal treaties regulating the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere and the use of alternative renewable energy sources. The main international governmental and non-governmental organizations in the direction of ensuring environmental and energy security have been identified. Attention is drawn to the need to strengthen the role of these organizations by strengthening the functions of supervision and monitoring to increase the possibility of influencing states that do not comply with the provisions of signed and ratified international conventions. It is concluded that it is necessary to adjust the vector of development of instruments for the protection of environmental rights in the direction of its world globalization. The existing global concept for the development of alternative energy sources requires changes. Given that the environmental problem is universal and, although to one degree or another, it still affects every person, regardless of country or nationality, the obligation to protect the environment must be universal, fulfilled and enforced not only by the government bodies of sovereign states, but also international government organizations. It is noted that the programs and recommendations of international organizations are developed directly for individual states, taking into account their geographical and economic location when choosing the types and methods of developing alternative energy.

scholarly journals Certain economic instruments as a factor of realizing the potential of using alternative energy sources in Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 05066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadejda Ponomareva ◽  
Anna Zvereva ◽  
Ekaterina Golubtsova ◽  
Svetlana Ilyashenko ◽  
Gennady Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Government ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Favorable Conditions

With each passing year, the problem of using alternative energy sources is gaining increasing attention, since the energy of the sun, water and wind, unlike hydrocarbons, belongs to practically inexhaustible resources. Besides this, alternative energy sources are relatively environmentally friendly, so any country is interested in using them. One of the factors affecting the increase of energy generation from alternative sources is the legal regulation of this area by the government. In many foreign countries a number of conceptual, doctrinal and program documents are adopted and implemented, which are dealing with the use of renewable energy sources. In order to stimulate the use of alternative energy sources, the governments of some countries create favorable conditions for attracting investment in the development of this sector, which, further, not only creates new jobs, but also has a generally positive effect on the economy.

scholarly journals Factors of impact on the evolution of electricity markets from renewable energy sources: a comparison between Romania and Germany

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Clodnițchi ◽  
Alexandra Cătălina Chinie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Future Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

Abstract When talking about the future of Europe we also think about alternative energy sources. It is up to national governments to decide how to encourage investments in this field in order to contribute to the 20-20-20 EU-objective. Until the network delivery cost for electricity produced from renewable sources will be comparable to the cost for energy from traditional sources ("grid parity"), the development of businesses and markets for electricity from renewable sources is going to be driven by support schemes. The state of the grids and the facility of grid-access constitute another two key factors influencing the development of this sector. Last but not least, the question of policy consistency is raised within the business community. Over the past years some support schemes have proved to be more effective than others, and grid conditions have also evolved. Policies supporting the development of renewables also changed at EU-level and at national levels. Based on statistics, scientific literature and the feedback of the business community, this study aims to analyse the development of renewable energy sectors in the European Union by comparing Germany’s and Romania’s experience. Also this study describes the current and expected future market situation in these countries relying on data gained from questionnaires and interviews with specialists in the renewable field.

scholarly journals Analysis of the prospects for the development of alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-325
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Desert Zone

The article analyzes the problems of the development of alternative energy sources in the energy system of Kazakhstan and substantiates the prospects for their introduction in small settlements located in the desert zone. The principles of operation of wind and solar installations used in the territory of Kazakhstan, including in rural settlements, are described. A comparison of the current statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries for 2019-2020 is carried out. in the field of the introduction of renewable energy. The possibilities of introducing alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan are considered, subject to the application of flexible tariff mechanisms, state priority when reserving territories for the construction of renewable energy facilities.

‘A magnified piece of thermodynamics’: the Promethean iconography of the refrigerator in Paul Theroux's The Mosquito Coast

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-342
Author(s):  
IAN HIGGINSON ◽  
CROSBIE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Western World ◽  
Consumer Society ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Post War ◽  
Formed Part

Refrigeration has become so well established over the last 125 years that today a crude ice maker becomes a boon for primitive people in the jungle or desert. Only a total dislocation in energy sources will quickly loosen the connections between people and cooling. A few centuries ago, Hippocrates (460–377? B.C.) observed: ‘most men would rather run the hazards of their lives or health than be deprived of the pleasure of drinking out of ice’ … In the U.S.A. [today], 750 million frozen Eskimo Pies are sold annually and seven ice cream plants are said to be operating in Moscow … Like the men of Hippocrates, a lot of people will resist any curtailment in food and freezing operations. They have come to expect these for survival in our present social and industrial orders.These remarks, asserting the extent to which the people of the United States of America regarded refrigeration not as an optional luxury but as a necessity for survival even at the height of the energy crisis of the late 1970s, formed part of a contribution to a massive 11-volume international compendium, Alternative Energy Sources, produced in 1978 in response to Western concerns about rising oil prices and falling reserves. An enthusiastic advocate for geothermal energy, the contributor's perception provides a vivid contextual starting point for our study of Paul Theroux's novel The Mosquito Coast (1981). In this novel the central narrative focuses upon a New England family's rejection of post-war American consumer society with its imperative to ‘build automobiles that would fail within five years and refrigerators that would fail in ten’. The novel indeed explores some of those very kinds of alternative energy sources which had been exciting scientists and inventors (often on or beyond the fringes of scientific orthodoxy) since the early 1970s when journals such as The Ecologist had begun to prophesy an end to energy-driven economic growth in the western world.

scholarly journals DESIGN FEATURES AND HAZARDS OF HYDROGEN FUEL CELL CARS

Fire Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
O. Lazarenko ◽  
V.-P. Parkhomenko ◽  
R. Sukach ◽  
B. Bilonozhko ◽  
A. Kuskovets
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Short Period

Introduction. The gradual and relentless development of alternative energy sources and the constant strug-gle of humanity with excess greenhouse gas emissions led to the simultaneous development of vehicles with alternative energy sources. Currently, vehicles that run exclusively on electricity and are virtually safe for the environment are becoming increasingly popular. Among the variety of vehicles running on electricity, it is necessary to single out vehicles that use compressed hydrogen to generate electricity. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) are already widely used in the United States, Germany, Japan, and the rest of the world, and their governments are constantly expanding and developing the appropriate infrastructure for them.The purpose and objectives of the study. The paper analyses the basic structure of HFCV and identifies the main scenarios of possible emergencies, namely: fire or explosion of fuel tanks with hydrogen; leakage, flaming of hydrogen from fuel lines (tank) under the high pressure; high-pressure hydrogen jet fire; leakage of hydrogen in the compartment (garage, closed parking) without further combustion.Methods. In the work on the subsequent literature review, the probable dangers for the personnel of the emergency rescue units involved in the elimination of certain emergency scenarios were identified.Results. It is established that: during the combustion of HFCV the most probable jet fire of hydrogen (flame temperature can reach 2000 0C), and also possible explosion of hydrogen cylinders or gas-air mixture with a significant range. Secondly, leakage of hydrogen in the compartment can cause its destruction in a relatively short period (about 15 seconds), and/or poisoning (asphyxia) of people due to a sharp decrease in oxygen concentration.Conclusions. The analysis and generalization of existing knowledge on the potential hazard of HFCV is conducted, electric cars give us reasonable grounds to argue that the regulatory framework for the construction and installation of security systems for land and underground parking, places of accumulation of such vehicles is not adapted to today's realities. At the same time, the following studies should be directed at estimating probablee risks of such emergencies.

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