scholarly journals Estimation of Water Content Curve Using Soil Properties Analysis Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 394-403
Author(s):  
Muhannd Waleed Majeed ◽  
Lubna Mohammed Abd ◽  
Mohammed Nsaif Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

Soil moisture content is one of the most important ecological factors affecting natural ecosystems. This study deals with the soil moisture distribution and its effect on the different types of soil used such as sandy soil, clayey soil, expansive soil and gypsum soil. Each type is brought to the laboratory to determine the physical properties then prepared for compaction test to determine the maximum dry density and optimum water content and discussed the result by comparing the values with them. The largest value of maximum dry density was for clayey soil while the smallest value was for gypsum soil. The largest optimum moisture content was for expansive soil while the smallest value was for gypsum soil too.

scholarly journals Influence of Waste Marble Dust on the Improvement of Expansive Clay Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hassan A. M. Abdelkader ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Hussein ◽  
Haiwang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Expansive Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Soil Mixtures

The marble process industry from Shaq Al-Thouban region, which is located in East Cairo, Egypt, produces a huge amount of marble wastes every day during the cutting and processing stages. Up to now, most of these wastes are dumping on open land which creates serious environmental problems. The amount of waste marble from the processing stage is about 20 to 25% of the total processed stone. Egypt also suffers from the problem of expansive soil that occupies a large area of its lands, especially in the new cities that are built on these lands. The primary purpose of this study is to use this waste material in the soil stabilization in point of view utilization of this waste as local low-cost materials and elimination of their negative environmental impacts. The waste marble dust was mixed with expansive soil samples with various percentages of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by dry weight of soil. Different tests including Atterberg’s limits, standard Proctor compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), swelling percentage, linear shrinkage (LS) tests, and XRF and XRD analyses were conducted for natural and marble dust stabilized soils. The soil mixtures used for UCS, CBR, and swell tests were compacted at the optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) using the standard Proctor compaction method and cured for 7 days. The results of the tests showed that there are significant effects in enhancing the properties of expansive soils. Also, the results showed that as the percentage of the marble dust increases the plasticity index, the swelling potential of the expansive clayey soil decreases. Furthermore, the optimum moisture content decreases, and the maximum dry density increases. Also, UCS, CBR, and the calcite content of the soil mixtures increase with the increase in marble dust content.

Compaction Characteristic of Lime Modified Expansive Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 348-351
Author(s):  
Zheng Rong Zhao ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hong Xia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Compaction Characteristic ◽  
Two Peaks

Through compaction test discussed about the compaction characteristics of expansive soil by lime modified in middle of Shandong province. The results show that the optimum moisture content is lower when the expansive soil is cured by dry compaction method, and the maximum dry density is higher. Compaction curve appeared the phenomenon of two peaks when expansive soil is cured by wet compaction method.Lime content of lime improved expansive soil, particle size composition, age and compaction function have influence on compaction curve.With the increase of the quantity of lime, the optimum moisture content increases, the maximum dry density decreases. With the age growth, the optimum moisture content increase slightly,the maximum dry density decreases slightly. The bigger the compaction work, the smaller moisture content is, the larger the maximum dry density is.

The Tests on the Lime-Treated Expansive Soils Compaction Characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 548-553
Author(s):  
Xin Zhong Wang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Shu Jun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compaction Characteristics ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Wetting Time ◽  
Lower Height

The compaction characteristics of the lime-treated expansive soils from the planning airport in China's Ankang were studied through the heavy compaction tests. The results show that all these elements such as lime content, water content, soil height, wetting time have a certain effect on dry density. As the lime quality ratio increases, the optimum water content under heavy compacting standard of improved soils increases but the maximum dry density decreases. With the increase of lime content, the effect of water content on dry density decreases while the water content near to its optimum value. Soils with the lower height have higher dry density when compaction energy, lime content and water content unchanged. As the wetting time increases, the maximum dry density shows a decreasing tendency until after 48 h it remained stable. It indicates that with the same lime content the order of primary factors influence on dry density are water content, wetting time, soil height. Finally, the lime stabilizing principle to expansive soil is explained through by applying scanning electron microscope technique.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Influence of Polypropylene Fiber on Swelling Pressure – Expansion Attribute of Silica Fume Stabilized Clayey Soil

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Tiwari ◽  
Neelima Satyam
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

Expansive soil shows dual swell-shrink which is not suitable for the construction. Several mitigating techniques exist to counteract the problem promulgate by expansive clayey soils. This paper explored the penitential mecho-chemical reinforcement of expansive clayey soil to mitigate the effect of upward swelling pressure and heave. The polypropylene fiber is randomly distributed in the soil for mechanical stabilization, and the industrial residual silica fume is used as a chemical stabilizer. The experimental analysis is made in three phases which involved the tests on mechanical reinforced expansive soil using randomly distributed polypropylene fibers with different percentages (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%), and 12mm length. The second phase of experiments carried out on chemical stabilized expansive soil with different percentages (2%, 4% and 8%) of silica and next phase of the experimental focused in the combination of mecho-chemical stabilization of the expansive soil with different combination of silica (i.e., 2%, 4% and 8%) and polypropylene fibers (i.e., 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00%). Maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plastic index (PI) grain size, and constant volume swelling pressure test were performed on unreinforced and reinforced expansive soil to investigate the effect of polypropylene fiber and silica fume on the engineering properties of expansive clayey soil. The experimental results illustrate that the inclusion of polypropylene fiber has a significant effect on the upward swelling pressure and expansion property of expansive soil. The reduction in the upward swelling pressure and expansion is a function of fiber content. These results also indicated that the use of silica fume caused a reduction in upward swelling potential, and its effect was considerably more than the influence of fiber.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of distributed in situ soil moisture measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brocca ◽  
M. Galli ◽  
M. Stelluti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Moisture Distribution

Abstract. Surface soil moisture content is highly variable in both space and time. Remote sensing can provide an effective methodology for mapping surface moisture content over large areas but ground based measurements are required to test its reliability and to calibrate retrieval algorithms. Recently, we had the opportunity to design and perform an experiment aimed at jointly acquiring measurements of surface soil water content at various locations and remotely sensed hyperspectral data. The area selected for the experiment is located in central Umbria and it extends for 90km2. For the area, detailed lithological and multi-temporal landslide inventory maps were available. We identified eight plots where measurements of soil water content were made using a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). The plots range in size from 100m2 to 600m2, and cover a variety of topographic and morphological settings. The TDR measurements were conducted during four days, on 5 April, 15 April, 2 May and 3 May 2004. On 3 May the NERC airborne CASI 2 acquired the hyperspectral data. Preliminary analysis concerning the matching between the landslides and the soil moisture were reported. Statistical and geostatistical analysis investigating the spatial-temporal soil moisture distribution were performed. These results will be compared with the data of surface temperature obtained from the remotely sensed hyperspectral sensor.

Determining Moisture Content of Soil Layers with Time Domain Reflectometry and Micromechanics

2008 ◽  
Vol 2053 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Ick Lee ◽  
Dan G. Zollinger ◽  
Robert L. Lytton
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Dry Density

Although the moisture condition of pavement sublayers can significantly affect pavement performance, accurate interpretation of in situ soil moisture measurements has been difficult to achieve because of the limitations of existing methods. Time domain reflectometry (TDR), originally developed to detect breaks or shorts in electrical conductors, has been used for measuring parameters related to the in situ soil moisture content. However, the apparent length method currently used to determine dielectric constant ignores other electrical properties of the conducting medium that may affect the interpretation of TDR trace to determine soil moisture. Furthermore, the existing methods for computing volumetric water content ignore the variations of dry density and determine the model parameters with assumption or regression analysis. These deficiencies can, in many cases, create a significant systematic error in the final determination of volumetric water content. To minimize these errors and improve the accuracy of moisture content estimate, a new three-step approach was proposed. The approach uses the transmission line equation to calculate the dielectric constant, conductivity, and reflectivity of a soil mixture. A micromechanics and self-consistent scheme was used to determine the volumetric moisture content and dry density on the basis of calibrated values of the solid and water dielectric constants. The system identification method was used iteratively to solve for dielectric parameters, soil moisture content, and dry density values. The validation of the new approach with ground-truth data indicated that the calculated errors were significantly less than those of existing method.

scholarly journals Study on Runoff and Infiltration for Expansive Soil Slopes in Simulated Rainfall

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Wenkai Lei ◽  
Hongyuan Dong ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Haibo Lv ◽  
Liyun Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil

In order to understand the hydrological process of expansive soil slopes, simulated rainfall experiments were conducted to study the effects of slope gradient and initial soil moisture content on runoff and infiltration for expansive soil slopes located in south China. The field program consisted of four neighboring slopes (70%, 47%, 32%, and 21%) instrumented by a runoff collection system and moisture content sensors (EC-5). Results from the monitored tests indicate that there was delay in the response of surface runoff. The runoff initiation time decreased with initial soil water content and increasing slope gradient. After the generation of runoff, the cumulative runoff per unit area and the runoff rate increased linearly and logarithmically with time, respectively. The greater the initial soil moisture content was, the smaller the influence of slope gradient on runoff. A rainfall may contribute from 39% to about 100% of its total rainfall as infiltration, indicating that infiltration remained an important component of the rainwater falling on the slope, despite the high initial soil water content. The larger the initial sealing degree of slope surface was the smaller the cumulative infiltration per unit area of the slope. However, the soil moisture reaction was more obvious. The influence of inclination is no longer discernible at high initial moisture levels. The greater the initial soil moisture content and the smaller the slope gradient, the weaker was the change of soil water content caused by simulated rainfall. The influence of initial soil moisture content and slope gradient on the processes of flow and changes of soil water content identified in this study may be helpful in the surface water control for expansive soil slopes.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Relationship between Free Load Swelling Rate and Water Content of Medium Expansive Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Cheng Song ◽  
Ligong Yang ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Wendong Ji ◽  
Yuting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water

Expansive soil has the property of water swelling, which is related not only to the hydrophilic mineral composition of soil particles and the microstructure of soil, but also to the initial moisture content, dry density, and overburden condition of soil. Based on the typical expansive soil in a certain area, the samples were sampled and remodeled at the site. Extensive experimental tests were conducted to investigate the relationship between the hygroscopic expansion rate and the water content of the expansive soil under different initial moisture content, dry density, and free load. The results showed that, under the condition of natural initial water content and dry density, although the hygroscopic expansion rate of the medium expansive soil was nonlinear with the subsequent water content, in the range of large water content (within about 50%), the expansive soil swelled linearly. There was a linear relationship between the rate and the water content. With the increase of the initial water content, the hygroscopic expansion rate and expansion rate of the expansive soil decreased. With the increase of the dry density, the hygroscopic expansion rate and the expansion rate of the expansive soil increased. The water absorption performance did not decrease, and the soil continued to maintain the previous moisture absorption rate and expansion rate after the soil reached saturation, while after the water content reached 1.5∼2.0 times the saturated water content, the soil moisture absorption expansion rate gradually decreased until it finally stabilized. The slope k of the expansion rate increased with the initial dry density and decreased with the initial moisture content. As dry density was increased, the slope k was increased at an increased rate. Moreover, as the initial moisture content was decreased, the slope k was increased at an increased rate.

scholarly journals Study on Mechanical Properties of the Expansive Soil Treated with Iron Tailings Sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chengfu Chu ◽  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Daoxiang Wu ◽  
Meihuang Zhan ◽  
Yun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content ◽  
Tailings Sand

Aiming at researching shear strength parameters of expansive soil modified by industrial waste iron tailings sand, the enhancement of expansive soil is explored from macroscopic and microscopic aspects. After characterization and testing by various means, the results show that expansive soil modified by iron tailings sand will increase the maximum dry density of the improved soil and reduce its optimal moisture content, which is beneficial in tuning the moisture content at the construction site. In addition, iron tailings sand can improve the shear strength of expansive soils. The influence of iron tailings sand on cohesion increases first, then decreases, and reaches the peak value at 30%, while the effect on internal friction angle exhibits a continuously increasing trend. Furthermore, according to mercury intrusion tests and microangle analysis, the addition of iron tailings sand can reduce the tiny pores and enhance the occlusal force of the soil. Simultaneously, it increases the number of large pores, maximizing the macroscopic strengthening of iron tailings sand towards the expansive soil.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Influence of Polypropylene Fiber on the Swelling Pressure Expansion Attributes of Silica Fume Stabilized Clayey Soil

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Tiwari ◽  
Neelima Satyam
Keyword(s):  
Silica Fume ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Maximum Dry Density

Expansive soil shows dual swell–shrink which is not suitable for construction. Several mitigating techniques exist to counteract the problem promulgated by expansive clayey soils. This paper explored the potential mecho-chemical reinforcement of expansive clayey soil to mitigate the effect of upward swelling pressure and heave. The polypropylene fiber is randomly distributed in the soil for mechanical stabilization, and the industrial residual silica fume is used as a chemical stabilizer. The experimental analysis was made in three phases which involved tests on mechanically-reinforced expansive soil, using randomly distributed polypropylene fibers with different percentages (0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%), and which were 12 mm length. The second phase of experiments was carried out on chemical stabilized expansive soil with different percentages (2%, 4%, and 8%) of silica, and the next phase of the experiment focused on the combination of mecho-chemical stabilization of the expansive soil with different combinations of silica (i.e., 2%, 4%, and 8%) and polypropylene fibers (i.e., 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00%). Maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), liquid limit (LL), plastic limit (PL), plastic index (PI), grain size, and constant volume swelling pressure tests were performed on unreinforced and reinforced expansive soil, to investigate the effects of polypropylene fiber and silica fume on the engineering properties of expansive clayey soil. The experimental results illustrate that the inclusion of polypropylene fiber has a significant effect on the upward swelling pressure and expansion property of expansive soil. The reduction in the upward swelling pressure and expansion is a function of fiber content. These results also indicated that the use of silica fume caused a reduction in upward swelling potential, and its effect was considerably more than the influence of fiber.

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