scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption Detection Using Smart Helmet System

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
K. Maheswari ◽  
U. Madhumitha ◽  
S. Madhusurya ◽  
T. Divya
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Bayesian Algorithm ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Driving While Intoxicated ◽  
The Road ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content

Internet of Things (IoT) consists of smart devices which can sense the environment and performs the data interaction with the users by handling the large volume of data and also provide the numerous services to the users. It also plays the significant role in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) using the Cognition ability. One of the primary causes for the road accidents is consumption of alcohol. Driving under the influence (DUI) or Driving While Intoxicated (DWI), and involves operating a vehicle with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of at least 0.08 percent is considered as the punishable offense. In order to identify and prevent the driving with alcohol consumption, the ITS system can be designed with IoT based smart helmet system. The IoT system performs the data validation using the Bayesian Algorithm which significantly detects the alcohol consumption of the rider. And the system also provides the provision to control and ride the bike if and only if the rider does not consume the alcohol.

Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk Driving

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Drunk Drivers

I test the effect of harsher punishments and sanctions on driving under the influence (DUI). In this setting, punishments are determined by strict rules on blood alcohol content (BAC) and previous offenses. Regression discontinuity derived estimates suggest that having a BAC above the DUI threshold reduces recidivism by up to 2 percentage points (17 percent). Likewise having a BAC over the aggravated DUI threshold reduces recidivism by an additional percentage point (9 percent). The results suggest that the additional sanctions experienced by drunk drivers at BAC thresholds are effective in reducing repeat drunk driving. (JEL I12, K42, R41)

scholarly journals Effects of binge alcohol consumption on sleep and inflammation in healthy volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 3938-3947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Wilkinson ◽  
Majid Afshar ◽  
Osman Ali ◽  
Waqas Bhatti ◽  
Jeffrey D. Hasday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Mean

Objective Alcohol is a hypnotic that modifies immune function, specifically the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 2 (IL-2). We evaluated the association between unscheduled napping and acute alcohol-induced augmentation of IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Methods In this prospective, observational pilot study, volunteers completed questionnaires on sleep quality, alcohol use, and hangover characteristics. Actigraph recordings began three nights before and continued for four nights after study initiation. Napping was recorded by actigraphy and self-reporting. A weight-based dose of 100-proof vodka was consumed, and the blood alcohol content (BAC) and phytohemagglutinin-M stimulated cytokine level were measured before and 20 minutes, 2 hours, and 5 hours after binge consumption. Results Ten healthy volunteers participated (mean age, 34.4 ± 2.3 years; mean body mass index, 23.9 ± 4.6 kg/m2; 60% female). The mean 20-minute BAC was 137.7 ± 40.7 mg/dL. Seven participants took an unscheduled nap. The ex vivo IFN-γ and IL-2 levels significantly increased at all time points after binge consumption in the nappers, but not in the non-nappers. Conclusion Augmented IFN-γ and IL-2 levels are associated with unscheduled napping after binge alcohol consumption. Further studies are needed to clarify the associations among alcohol consumption, sleep disruption, and inflammatory mediators.

Depression of Erythrocyte δ-Aminolaevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity in Alcoholics

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Krasner ◽  
M. R. Moore ◽  
G. G. Thompson ◽  
W. McIntosh ◽  
A. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Aminolaevulinic Acid ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Dehydratase Activity ◽  
Ala Dehydratase

1. δ-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGT) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) have been measured in chronic alcoholics. 2. Within 48 h of alcohol withdrawal ALA dehydratase activity was depressed in chronic alcoholics even though the blood alcohol content was zero. A second group of chronic alcoholics studied 7 days after the cessation of alcohol consumption had normal ALA dehydratase activities. 3. ALA dehydratase activity is more reliable than measurements of γGT and LAP in monitoring alcohol habits of chronic alcoholics.

scholarly journals Analysis of the road accidents caused by drunk road users

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Ewelina Cybulska ◽  
Renata Krajewska
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Drunk Drivers

One of the main causes of road accidents in Poland is the consumption of alcohol by drivers of vehicles. Despite the various preventive and educational actions, this problem still exists.The article discusses the problem of participation in road traffic after drinking alcohol. The influence of alcohol on the drivers of the vehicles was indicated. Legal regulations concerning alcohol consumption by drivers of vehicles in Poland have been characterized. Police statistical data on the frequency, type, severity of accidents and road accidents caused by drunk drivers and pedestrians in the years 2007-2017 were analyzed.

scholarly journals An Effective Paradigm on Self-Regulating Cautious Strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1015
Keyword(s):  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Driving While Intoxicated ◽  
Passenger Seat ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alcohol Sensor ◽  
Engine Failure ◽  
Drunken Driving ◽  
Day By Day

The number of accidents in the world is increasing day by day and most of these accidents are effectuated due to Driving While Intoxicated (DWI). Therefore, since the death due to the Drunken-Driving or Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of alcohol has assumed proportion larger(60%) than one can visualize. In order to combat such life-risking psroblems, we have designed a mock-up. This safety serious system is actualized using ARDUINO and the main unit of this project is alcohol detecting sensor. Here alcohol sensor(MQ3) is used in a steering wheel and also in the passenger seat to sense the alcohol molecules present inside the vehicle. When sensor equipped in a steering wheel senses the alcohol content (i.e)., when the level of alcohol of driver crosses a permissible limit, fails the attempt of the driver to start the engine irrespective of the passenger. To thwart the accidents due to immediate engine failure, a timer is proposed in the exemplary. This framework is also embodied with widely used GSM MODEM and it will automatically send the distress message to the owner of the vehicle or to the family member

PRZESTĘPSTWA PROWADZENIA POJAZDÓW MECHANICZNYCH W STANIE NIETRZEŹWOŚCI LUB POD WPŁYWEM ŚRODKA ODURZAJĄCEGO (art. 178a § 1 i 4 k.k.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zaczek
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Eu Countries

In the last decade on Polish roads has been recorded every year, at least 70,000 drivingunder the influence. Such statistics put Poland ahead of EU countries with the highest numberof intoxicated drivers. There is also no doubt that the risk of road accidents is increasing alongwith the number of drivers with are drunk. Although there are numerous publications addressingissues of offences relating to driving under the influence, this publication containing the analysisof court cases with this range. This work also presents consideration for actually meted sanctionsand measures against people who committed offences relating to driving under the influence.Article consist an introduction, codex regulation of art. 178a § 1 and 4 of the Polish Criminal Code,statistical considerations and conclusion.

scholarly journals Combination of Alcohol and EVOH as a New Embolic Agent: Midterm Tissue and Inflammatory Effects in a Swine Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jean-François Hak ◽  
Farouk Tradi ◽  
Mickael Bobot ◽  
Pauline Brige ◽  
Paul Habert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Embolic Agent ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Blood Alcohol Content ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To evaluate the vascular occlusion and midterm tissue toxicity properties of a combination of ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) (Squid 18®) (75%) and alcohol (25%)—Alco-Squid 18—in a swine model. Materials and Methods. Alco-Squid 18 (75% Squid 18® mixed with 25% alcohol) (AS18) was compared to embolization with 96% alcohol alone and to embolization with Squid 18® (S18®) alone. An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) model was created in group 1 (n = 2). Each AVM model was then embolized with AS18 or S18® alone with evaluation of a ratio between the volume of embolic agent divided by the volume of the AVM (evaluated by CT). For group 2 (n = 5), each agent was tested on three different kidneys (upper pole kidney artery). Pre- and postinterventional CTs, angiographies, blood alcohol content dosages, and histological studies (3 months postintervention) were performed. Results. AS18 has better distal distribution than S18® alone, both in the kidneys (mean capsule-S18® distance: 3.9 mm (±0.23) and mean capsule-AS18 distance: 2.3 mm (±0.11) ( p = 0.029 ) and in the AVM model. Histological exploration found a higher rate of tubular necrosis with AS18 compared with S18® alone and alcohol alone (3.78 ± 0.44 compared to 2.33 ± 1.22 p   =  0 . 012 and 1.22 ± 0.67 p   < 0   . 0001 ). The blood alcohol content was negligible in all cases. Conclusion. AS18 can suggest a better distal sclerotic and embolic character as compared with S18® alone without systemic toxicity.

scholarly journals The Golden Hour Trauma Care

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subbiah Venkatesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Trauma Care ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Golden Hour ◽  
The Road ◽  
High Chance ◽  
Great Burden

AbstractGlobally the road accidents had become a great burden and claiming lot of precious lives today. However, the initial treatment within the first hour of the injury indeed had proven the high chance of survival after the trauma. This article updates and signifies the systematic emergency approach and current principles in saving lives after injury.

Deep learning based Blockchain solution for preserving privacy in future vehicles

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Varsha R ◽  
Meghna Manoj Nair ◽  
Siddharth M. Nair ◽  
Amit Kumar Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Privacy Preserving ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Road ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Smart Things

The Internet of Things (smart things) is used in many sectors and applications due to recent technological advances. One of such application is in the transportation system, which is of primary use for the users to move from one place to another place. The smart devices which were embedded in vehicles are useful for the passengers to solve his/her query, wherein future vehicles will be fully automated to the advanced stage, i.e. future cars with driverless feature. These autonomous cars will help people a lot to reduce their time and increases their productivity in their respective (associated) business. In today’s generation and in the near future, privacy preserving and trust will be a major concern among users and autonomous vehicles and hence, this paper will be able to provide clarity for the same. Many attempts in previous decade have provided many efficient mechanisms, but they all work only with vehicles along with a driver. However, these mechanisms are not valid and useful for future vehicles. In this paper, we will use deep learning techniques for building trust using recommender systems and Blockchain technology for privacy preserving. We also maintain a certain level of trust via maintaining the highest level of privacy among users living in a particular environment. In this research, we developed a framework that could offer maximum trust or reliable communication to users over the road network. With this, we also preserve privacy of users during traveling, i.e., without revealing identity of respective users from Trusted Third Parties or even Location Based Service in reaching a destination. Thus, Deep Learning based Blockchain Solution (DLBS) is illustrated for providing an efficient recommendation system.

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