CONTROL OF WHITE MOLD DISEASE ON EGGPLANT CAUSED BY FUNGUS SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM BY INTEGRATION BETWEEN SOIL SOLARIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL WITH FUNGUS TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Soil Solarization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Myceliogenic Germination

This study was conducted in determine the efficiency of each of temperature, exposure time and bio-control agent Trichoderma harzianum in inhibition of the sclerotia myceliogenic germination of S. sclerotiorum and its mycelial growth on PDA and field. The laboratory experiment included determine efficient temperatures and its exposure hours needed to inhibit pathogen germination in order to use for minimizing disease dissemination in the field through soil solarization technique. The study showed that temperature of 60 ºC with exposure time of 5 and 6 hours were the most efficient treatments in inhibition of myceliogenic germination (55.55, 100 %) respectively. The result antagonism between T. harzianum and S. sclerotiorum by dual culture technique showed high efficacy of the bio-control agent T. harzianum inhibition anti mycelial growth of the pathogen S. sclerotiorum on PDA scoring antagonism rate of 2 degree. In terms of disease incidence the results showed that soil solarization alone and its integration with bio-control agent were completely prevented the occurrence of the disease achieving the maximum reduction in incidence rate (100 %) for all studied depths at the end of eighth weeks compared with control treatment in which the average of incidence was (85.42 %) , followed by the treatment of bio-control agent alone by a reduction rate of (42.08 %) respectively with a significant difference compared with inoculated control treatment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM IN CONTROLLING LATE BLIGHT OF POTATO

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Husniara Khatun ◽  
Nusrat Sabiha Joya ◽  
AKM Amdadul Hoque ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahan Monjil
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tuber Infection ◽  
Late Blight Of Potato

Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum in reducing mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans as well as in controlling late blight of potato was done in Microbiology and Biocontrol laboratory and Net-house, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during 2019-2020, Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted using popular potato variety Diamant and native variety Challisha. T. harzianum was evaluated in net-house and in-vitro condition. Fungicide Indofil M-45 (Mancozeb) was used as positive check for comparison. In Net-house experiment, T. harzianum increased plant height, number of tubers and fresh weight of tubers over control treatment for the both of the varieties of potato. T. harzianum on late blight of potato (var. Diamant) showed a significantly better management over control treatment. In comparison to non-treated control treatment, reduced infection of late blight was found in the T.harzianum treated plants, whereas increase disease severity was calculated in control treatment. After harvesting, tuber infection in T. harzianum treated plants was not observed. Percent inhibition of tuber infection over control was 100%. Indofil M-45 suppressed Disease severity but comparatively less effective than T. harzianum in the long run. In case of variety Challisha similar trend of results were observed. In dual culture assay, T. harzianum showed highest inhibitory effect in suppressing mycelial growth of P. infestans. T. harzianum showed 86.67% inhibition of mycelial growth of P. infestans over control. Thus, it can be concluded that T. harzianum is effective to control late blight of potato and sometimes comparable to chemical fungicide in net-house condition.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2327-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkishan Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Shiva Kant Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fusarium Udum

Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.

scholarly journals Efficacy of biofungicides Supresivit and Polyversum against Phytophthora root pathogens on European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
G. Juhásová ◽  
S. Bernadovičová
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
European Chestnut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Ink Disease

The effect of two commercially produced biopreparations on the originators of chestnut ink disease in Slovakia – soil fungi Phytophthora cambivora and Phytophthora cinnamomi was tested in laboratory conditions. Investigations of interrelations between Trichoderma harzianum (Pythium oligandrum) and isolates of Phytophthora sp. obtained from infected tissues of Castanea sativa Mill. proved more important inhibitive effects for Pythium oligandrum (biopreparation Polyversum) efficiency 25.3% (Ph. cambivora) and 26.2% (Ph. cinnamomi). Biopreparation Supresivit (Trichoderma harzianum) reached the efficiency 9.1% for Ph. cambivora isolates and 9.2% for Ph. cinnamomi isolates. Significant effect of the used bioformulas for inhibition of mycelial growth of both Phytophthora sp. and significant difference in the efficacy of two different bioformulas were confirmed statistically.  

Effects of Trichoderma Species on the Growth of Fusarium Verticillioides

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-425
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Balkishan Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Verticillioides ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Six biocontrol treatments viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. harzianum + T. viride, T. harzianum + T. virens and T. viride + T. virens were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium verticillioides under in vitro conditions. The maximum growth inhibition (90.6%) was recorded in consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride in dual culture technique . The volatile and non volatile compounds from the consortium of T. harzianum + T. viride also found best and suppressed the mycelial growth of F. verticillioides to the tune of 83.90 and 84.61 %, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 423-425, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Botanical Extracts, Chemical Fungicides and Trichoderma harzianum Against Alternaria brassicicola Causing Leafspot of Cabbage

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Lok Bahadur Pun ◽  
Kamal Chhetri ◽  
Anju Pandey ◽  
Rajan Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Alternaria Brassicicola ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sweet Flag ◽  
Botanical Extracts ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria brassicicola is one of the destructive diseases of crucifers and causes considerable loss in the yield and quality of the produce. An experiment was conducted in in vitro to evaluate the efficacy of six botanical extracts at three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, six chemical fungicides at five different concentrations i.e. 50ppm, 100ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm and Trichoderma harzianum against Alternaria brassicicola. The study was carried out using poisoned food technique for botanical extracts and chemical fungicides and dual culture technique for T. harzianum in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Among botanical extracts, maximum inhibition (99.91%) of mycelial growth was observed in sweet flag at 15% concentration followed by 10% sweet flag (96.68%) and 5% sweet flag (93.64%) and minimum inhibition percent (5.61%) was observed in Lantana camara at 5% concentration. Hexaconazole proved to be the most effective chemical fungicide recording 100% growth inhibition at all the tested concentrations which was at par with1000 ppm metalaxyl + mancozeb (Kriloxyl Gold), 500 and 1000 ppm mancozeb and 1000 ppm carbendazim + mancozeb(SAAF)whereas, 50 ppm carbendazim was least effective in reducing fungal growth (7.16%). T. harzianum showed 65.02% inhibition of test fungus. The study indicated better performance of some chemical fungicides even at lower concentrations i.e. 100ppm and 250ppm. So, such effective fungicides could be used to minimize hazardous effect. Significant effect of some botanical extracts against pathogen growth suggests their application as potential control agent alternative to chemicals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rhizosphere Bacterial Antagonists for the Management of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Bhanothu Shiva ◽  
P. Srinivas ◽  
Deepa Khulbe
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Antagonists ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fusarium Sp

Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. The intent of the study was to evaluate potential of bacterial antagonists to suppress fusarium wilt disease development and evaluate the role of the strains as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in tomato. Among fifty-two bacterial strains isolated from rhizoplane and rhizosphere of healthy tomato roots, five isolates viz. isolate-01, isolate-17, isolate-23, isolate-24 and isolate-32 were found highly inhibitory against mycelial growth of Fusarium sp., in dual cultures.  Highest inhibition of radial mycelial growth of pathogen in dual culture was induced by isolate-24 (72.2%) followed by isolate-32 (71.9%). In greenhouse experiments percent disease incidence (PDI) was lower in artificially inoculated tomato plants treated with isolate-32 (7.8%) and isolate-24 (8.9%), with percent disease reduction over control of 85.6% and 83.6%, respectively. These isolates also exhibited significant difference in seed germination percentage under artificial inoculation along with pathogen, highest germination percentage was recorded by isolate-32 (91%) followed by isolate-24 (89%) as compared to pathogen inoculated control (24%). The study concluded that the two native rhizobacteria isolated from root zone of healthy tomato plants could successfully protect the tomato plants from the lethal infection by Fusarium sp. while enhancing the germination of the treated plants.

scholarly journals In vitro inhibition of Fusarium solani by Trichoderma harzianum and biofertilizer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e5210312994
Author(s):  
Paula Fernanda de Azevedo ◽  
Ana Carolina de Almeida ◽  
Rodrigo Domiciano Marques ◽  
Christiane Luciana da Costa ◽  
Anderson Roberto Benedetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Biological Fertilizer

Cassava root rot causes significant production losses. Difficulties of management, along with the lack of chemical fungicides officially registered by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), require alternative control methods. This study investigated the in vitro antagonistic activity of Trichoderma harzianum as well as a biological fertilizer MICROGEO® on Fusarium solani. The phytophatogenic strains of F. solani, called F1 and F2 were isolated from rotted cassava tubers and T. harzianum, strain ESALQ 1306, from a biological fungicide. Continuous liquid composting of bovine ruminal content, water and MICROGEO® produced the biological fertilizer. Dual culture method was used at the bioassay with T. harzianum. Sterilized (St) and unsterilized (USt) biological fertilizer were tested in different concentrations (% v/v) diluted in the culture media. Colony diameters were measured daily in order to establish the mycelial growth velocity index, inhibition percentage, aside from the sporulation rate and spore germination percentage. The mycelial growth of F. solani isolates was interrupted after hyphae encounter with T. harzianum, due to the occurrence of mycoparasitism, but without influence on the sporulation rate. Sterilized biological fertilizer induced no biocontrol, whereas the unsterilized product (concentration 2.5%) inhibited approximately 64% and 85% of the mycelial growth of isolates F1 and F2, respectively. Moreover, spore germination declined with increasing concentration. In conclusion, T. harzianum and the unsterilized biofertilizer showed in vitro antagonistic activity on F. solani.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Trichoderma harzianum isolates against the fungal root rot pathogens with special reference to Macrophomina phaseolina causing dry root rot of mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Alyssa Swehla ◽  
Abhay K. Pandey ◽  
Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fallow System

AbstractIn the rice-fallow system, dry root rot (DRR) is an emerging disease of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata) caused by the necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The pathogen causes extensive production losses. In this study, the bioactivity of four Trichoderma harzianum isolates, namely Th-Dharwad, Th-Raichur, Th-Niphm, and Th-Udaipur procured from the Indian research institutes were evaluated against M. phaseolina of mungbean by the dual culture technique. The efficacy of these T. harzianum isolates were also compared with the effective fungicides such as thiram and carbendazim by the poison food method. Results showed that among the T. harzianum isolates, isolate of Th-Raichur was most effective, exhibiting 76.96% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. As compared to the thiram, carbendazim was more effective, and exhibited 100% mycelial growth inhibition of the test pathogen. In addition, carbendazim was also more effective than the isolate of Th-Raichur. In the sick pot experiment, mungbean seeds treated with Th-Raichur isolate showed a lower percent incidence of DRR (20%) than the untreated seeds (86.6%). The biological spectrum of Th-Raichur isolate was examined against M. phaseolina isolated from the different hosts such as urdbean and vegetable soybean, alongwith two other root pathogens, namely Fusarium solani of mungbean, and Sclerotium rolfsii of urdbean. The isolate of Th-Raichur showed maximum antagonistic activity against the pathogens M. phaseolina and F. solani of mungbean. Thus, Th-Raichur isolate can be used as a potential fungal biocontrol agent for the reduction of DRR in mungbean.

Analysis of Strawberry Metabolic Profiling in Interaction with Bacillus Spp. Strain DM12 using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Determination of Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Alijani ◽  
Jahanshir Amini ◽  
Ali akbar Mozafari
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dual Culture

Abstract An endophytic bacterial strain, isolated from Fragaria × ananassa, and antifungal properties against Colletotrichum nymphaeae was assayed under in vitro, in vivo, and greenhouse experiments. Bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus spp. DM12 (MH161581) using phenotypic, biochemical and molecular phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. DM12 strain inhibited mycelial growth of fungal pathogen (64.03%) using dual-culture test. The cell-free culture compounds produced by DM12 prevented mycelial growth and conidial germination of C. nymphaeae by 32.86% and 73.98%, respectively but, inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of pathogen by volatile compounds was less (9.82%). As well as, protease, chitinase, pectinase, siderophore, IAA, gibberellin, and phosphate solubilization tests for this strain were positive. Anthracnose disease at post-harvest on fruit suppressed by the strain DM12 (90.87%). Also, biocontrol efficacy on strawberry plants by drenching soil and spraying methods were 72.22% and 94.44%, respectively, 60 days after inoculation. PCR amplification represented the presence of genes of surfactin. In addition, metabolite profile of strawberry was changed on presence of bacterial strain that a number of metabolites in control treatment with maximum area percent were Acetoglyceride (19.418%), Acetic acid, butyl ester (4.734%) and Ribitol (4.349%), in treatment inoculated with DM12 strain alone were Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen (21.350%), Ethylene glycol monoisobutyl ether (18.688%) and Myrtenol (8.75%), in treatment inoculated with fungal pathogen alone were Acetoglyceride (18.089%) and Acetic acid, monoglyceride (17.96%) and in treatment inoculated with C. nymphaeae and DM12 strain together were tert-Butanethiol (36.153%), Ethoxytriethylsilane (14.126%), 5-(Methylamino)-1,2,3,4-thiatriazole (9.53%) and 2,3-Butanediol (7.795%).

scholarly journals Evaluation The Efficiency of Some of Bio - Control Fungi on The Content of Rice Leaves (Oryza Sativa L.) Class Jassmine of Phenols, Alkaloids, And Some of Hormones

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012062
Author(s):  
Nihad H. Mutlag ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussein ◽  
Rafid M. Abdulaali
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Leaves

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using biocontrol fungi - Trichoderma harzianum. Australian (T.h.a). and Trichoderma harzianum. tahadi(T.h.t) and Chaetumium elatum( C.e) isolates on contents of rice leaves ) Oryza sativa L. (class jasmine of phenols, alkaloids, and hormones( zeatin, gibberellic acid, indol acitic acid). To attaining these aims, two experements were carryied out in two regions at Rice Research Center(RRC), and Agriculture college - AL-Najaf province. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: The suspension (10)-4 of biocontrol agent T.h.a gave a significant difference in concentrations of phenols in rice leaves for treatment: Soil + hay + NP + T.h.a which reached 0.378, 0.363 ppm in RRC and college of agriculture fields, in compare with control treatment which gave 0.251,0.245 ppm, respectively. T.h.a. gave a significant differences in concentrations of alkaloids in rice leaves for treatment: Soil + hay + NP + T.h.a which reached 1.67,1.51 µg/ml in RRC and college of agriculture fields, in compare with control treatment which gave 1.19,1.15 µg/ml., respectively T.h.a attained the highest concentrations of hormones ( zeatin, gebberllic acid, indol acitic acid) in rice leaves for treatment: Soil + hay + NP + T.h.a which reached (0.0941, 53.84, 0.287) ppm, at RRC and (0.0835, 44.52, 0.268) ppm for college of agriculture fields, in compare with control treatment which gave ( 0.0712, 51.12, 0.210) ppm with RRC and (0.0523, 42.10, 0.174)ppm for college of agriculture, respectively.

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