scholarly journals Aplikasi Herbisida Ramah Lingkungan pada Kelompok Tani Desa Kungkai Baru Kecamatan Air Periukan Kabupaten Seluma

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Risvan Anwar ◽  
Djatmiko Djatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Drainage Canal ◽  
Control Techniques

The Application of Environmentally Friendly Herbicide in Farmers Group of Kungkai Baru Village, Air Periukan Subdistrict, Seluma Regency This service program aimed to overcome the problem of aquatic weeds that disrupt the drainage canal and ponds of farmers without killing non-target organisms. The ultimate goal was that farmers wanted to apply weed control techniques using an effective and environmentally friendly herbicide of Unihaz formulation. The method implemented was a demonstration plot. The location of spraying herbicides was chosen on the drainage channel which was already filled with floating aquatic weeds. The number of plots prepared was 3 plots. Two plots were applied with the Unihaz herbicide formula, while one more was applied with synthetic herbicides made from glyphosate. The dosage used for the herbicide Unihaz formulation is 50 l ha-1, while the synthetic herbicide is 6 l ha-1. The dedication program concluded that the farmer group understood about herbicides that were effective and environmentally friendly. The farmer group has also proven that the herbicide of Unihaz formulation was able to control floating weeds in the drainage channel equivalent to the herbicide containing active ingredients glyphosate.

Efficacy of Herbicide Active Ingredients Against Aquatic Weeds

EDIS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Enloe ◽  
Michael D. Netherland ◽  
William T. Haller ◽  
Kenneth Langeland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Aquatic Weeds ◽  
Critical Component ◽  
Active Ingredients

Weed control is often a critical component of aquatic vegetation management in Florida waters. While physical, mechanical, and biological controls are utilized where they are feasible, herbicides are the primary tool used to control many troublesome species. This document answers some common questions and provides efficacy information for all herbicide active ingredients labeled for aquatic use in Florida. Written by S. F. Enloe, M. D. Netherland, W. Haller, and K. Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised February 2018.  http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ag262

scholarly journals Effects of glyphosate-based herbicides and their active ingredients on earthworms, water infiltration and glyphosate leaching are influenced by soil properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann G. Zaller ◽  
Maureen Weber ◽  
Michael Maderthaner ◽  
Edith Gruber ◽  
Eszter Takács ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Background Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are among the most often used pesticides. The hundreds of GBHs used worldwide consist of the active ingredient (AI) glyphosate in form of different salts, possibly other AIs, and various mostly undisclosed co-formulants. Pesticide risk assessments are commonly performed using single AIs or GBHs at standard soil conditions without vegetation. In a greenhouse experiment, we established a weed population with common amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus) to examine the effects of three GBHs (Roundup LB Plus, Roundup PowerFlex, Touchdown Quattro) and their corresponding AIs (salts of glyphosate isopropylammonium, potassium, diammonium) on the activity and physiological biomarkers (glutathione S-transferase, GST; acetylcholine esterase, AChE) of an ecologically relevant earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris). GBHs and AIs were applied at recommended doses; hand weeding served as control. Experiments were established with two soil types differing in organic matter content (SOM; 3.0% vs. 4.1%) and other properties. Results Earthworm activity (casting and movement activity) decreased after application of glyphosate formulations or active ingredients compared to hand weeding. We found no consistent pattern that formulations had either higher or lower effects on earthworm activity than their active ingredients; rather, differences were substance-specific. Earthworm activity was little affected by soil organic matter levels. Biomarkers remained unaffected by weed control types; GST but not AChE was decreased under high SOM. Water infiltration after a simulated heavy rainfall was interactively affected by weed control types and SOM. Leachate amount was higher after application of formulations than active ingredients and was higher under low SOM. Glyphosate concentrations in soil and leachate were strongly affected by application of formulations or active ingredients and varied with SOM (significant weed control type x SOM interaction). Conclusions We found that both commercial formulations and pure active ingredients can influence earthworms with consequences on important soil functions. Glyphosate products showed increased, reduced or similar effects than pure glyphosate on particular soil functions; soil properties can substantially alter this. Especially at lower SOM, heavy rainfalls could lead to more glyphosate leaching into water bodies. A full disclosure of co-formulants would be necessary to further decipher their specific contributions to these inconsistent effects.

scholarly journals The effect of application of control techniques to the population, damage intensity of onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua hubner) and yield of shallots

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012109
Author(s):  
R A D Pangestu ◽  
Hadiwiyono ◽  
Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Experiment Control ◽  
Important Cash Crop

Abstract Shallot is an important cash crop in Indonesia. However, its productivity is relatively low, due to the attack of the onion caterpillar (Spodoptera exigua Hubner). This study aimed to identify the effect of the application of control techniques on the population, damage intensity, and shallots yield. This research was conducted by field experiment. Control treatment consisted of covering shallots by using gauze/net and insecticide treatment with active ingredients of profenofos, metomil, and carbosulfan. The research variables consisted of the population and the damage intensity of S. exigua, as well as the yield of shallots. The results showed that the caterpillars population of S. exigua was found at 16 DAP and increased up to before harvest at 44 DAP. Covering shallots with gauze effectively suppressed the population of S. exigua (0.0 per hills), followed by treatment with profenofos (0.14 per hills), carbosulfan (0.15 per hills), and methomyl 0.32 per hills). The damage intensity of S. exigua in the plot gauze covered was 0%, lower than 32%, 25%, 12%, 10%, respectively, in the control plot, treatment of metomil, carbosulfan, and profenofos. Covering shallots with gauze also increased the weight of wet-harvested tubers (50.83 g per hills).

scholarly journals Dampak Aplikasi Mulsa terhadap Dominasi dan Pertumbuhan Gulma pada Edamame

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Destieka Ahyuni ◽  
Dulbari Dulbari ◽  
Hidayat Saputra ◽  
Lina Budiarti ◽  
Miranda Ferwita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Edamame was a commodity that contains all types of essential amino acids that can stabilize blood sugar levels, increase metabolism and energy levels, and help build muscle and immune system cells. Farmer’s interest in planting edamame is high due to the high demand and promising commodity prices. However, edamame is often faced with weed disturbances. The weeds in edamame cultivation can reduce production in quantity and quality. Research is needed for effective weed control techniques to reduce losses and increase production plus increasing income. The research was conducted at the Lampung State Polytechnic from April to September 2020. The study was arranged using a randomized block design with single factor treatment in the form of weed control techniques with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The aim of this research was to find the best weed control techniques in edamame cultivation. The results of this study were using mulch can reduce weed growth by 75.75% to 95.45% compared without using mulch. The highest pressure on weed growth was obtained from the used plastic mulch as a weed control technique.

scholarly journals Differential responses of two cowpea (Virgina unguiculata L.Walp.) genotypes to pre-emergence herbicides in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Dan David. Quee ◽  
Philip Jimia. Kamanda ◽  
Musa Decius. Saffa ◽  
Johnny Ernest. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Savannah Woodland

Field trials were conducted in savannah woodland (Njala) and rainforest (Serabu) agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone during 2016 second cropping season to assess different preemergence herbicides techniques that is efficient, cost effective and environmentally safe in cowpea production. The experiment consisted of 20 treatments which included 2 cowpea genotypes (slipea 4 and slipea 5) and 10 different weed control techniques viz: butachlor 50% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), double force®, power force® applied as preemergence herbicides at 2, 4 and 6 L ha-1, respectively and weedy check. The treatments were laid out in a strip-plot design arranged in a factorial system with three replications. The results of this study revealed that the application of power force® at 6 L ha-1 recorded the highest phytotoxic effect, lowest weed dry weight, number of pods per plant and grain yield, highest total variable cost, lowest gross and net returns. Furthermore, butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 closely followed by double force® at 6 L ha-1 resulted in maximum grain yield, gross and net returns compared to the rest of the other weed control techniques. Thus, it is concluded that butachlor 50% EC at 2 L ha-1 was more economical, profitable and beneficial than other control treatments in the production of cowpea genotypes in the savannah woodland and rainforest agroclimatic regions of Sierra Leone. Conclusively, the relationship between phytotoxicity and grain yield indicates that the higher the grain yield the lower the phytotoxic effects of the chemicals.

scholarly journals Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
O. Kurdiukova ◽  
O. Tyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Infestation

Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.

scholarly journals Comparison of weed control techniques to establish three ground cover species

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L. Foo ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
M.B. MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Control Techniques

Weed control strategies for establishing three ground cover species were investigated by planting them in late spring then assessing eight different control treatments during the following 14 months The prostrate woody Coprosma acerosa Taiko established best with black weed mat mulch and EcoCover paper mulch although bark mulches also gave reasonable establishment rates The brittle succulent Sedum mexicanum Acapulco Gold also established well with black weed mat and paper mulch although a sawdust mulch was particularly suitable The frostprone Polygonum capitatum which regrows readily from seed did best with soil kept bare by handhoeing or selective herbicides although the paper mulch also rated well Thus the best weed control strategy varied depending on the characteristics of the ground cover being established Other considerations including relative costs are also discussed

scholarly journals Three mechanical weed control techniques in spring cereals

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. LÖTJÖNEN ◽  
H. J. MIKKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Silty Clay Soil ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

An inter-row hoe suitable for cereals was developed for the study, and field experiments were conducted to compare inter-row hoeing with weed harrowing, rotary hoeing and chemical control. The treatments were performed once during the growing season. Inter-row hoeing was studied at row spacings of 180 mm and 250 mm. The weeding effect of the different methods was measured by weighing the weeds remaining just before harvesting. Inter-row hoeing was the most effective of the mechanical methods. Weed harrowing was as good as hoeing in silty clay soil but less effective in mull soil. Rotary hoeing was the least effective. Herbicide spraying was more effective than the mechanical methods in both soils. Increasing the spacing between rows from the standard 125 mm to 250 mm decreased the yield of barley by 12-13%. Inter-row hoeing affected the yield very slightly. The yield decreasing was lower at a row spacing of 180 mm than at 250 mm. Weed harrowing and rotary hoeing decreased the yield 5-10%. Although inter-row hoeing seems to be a fairly effective method for weed control, it may be difficult to compensate for the yield loss due to the increase in row spacing.;

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