scholarly journals Emergency contraception using progestin drugs in domestic cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
A. Vasetska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Reproductive Suppression ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Depot Injection ◽  
Depot Injections

Today, in conditions of strict quarantine, when it is not always possible to carry out surgery in cats, some methods of emergency drug contraception can be used. Over the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. However, in all species, the secondary adverse effects of progesterone-type drugs limit their use and vary depending on when treatment is given in relationship to the stage of the estrous cycle. An ideal non-surgical sterilant would be safe, effective, permanent, administered as a single injection and capable of being manufactured inexpensively. Contraceptives are used for cats, as a method of renewable fertility over time for breeding animals, as a method of suppressing sexual function for animals at risk for surgery, and to prevent over populations in stray cats. The use of non-surgical, safe and effective methods of suppression of sexual function in cats eliminates traumatization, anesthesia and complicated postoperative period in animals, which in some cases are impossible in the state of health, etc. The most common and affordable method of medical contraception is progestins, such as megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, proligestone (used orally or as a depot injection). These drugs are effective in inhibiting sexual function. Contraceptives for felids are available as implants, depot injections, and pills or liquid for oral administration, powder for mixing with food, or as vaccines. Regimens may differ according to the timing of first treatment, whether coinciding with the active reproductive period, preceding this period, or during anestrus. Ideally, the treatment regimen is initiated during anestrus to minimize the dose needed for reproductive suppression and to avert exposure to endogenous steroids that can cause lesions in reproductive organs.

scholarly journals Early indicators of delayed adverse effects in female reproductive organs in rats receiving neonatal exposure to 17alpha-ethynylestradiol

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miwa Takahashi ◽  
Kaoru Inoue ◽  
Tomomi Morikawa ◽  
Saori Matsuo ◽  
Seigo Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs ◽  
Early Indicators

Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Challenges and Opportunities

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (S9) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Author(s):  
Barry Gidal ◽  
John J. Barry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
The Impact

Quality-of-life issues in healthcare have come to be of paramount importance for a population that increasingly expects healthcare not only to treat major illnesses but also to optimize normal levels of physical and psychosocial functioning and overall well-being. Healthcare providers have also increasingly appreciated the impact that adverse effects of treatment can have on quality of life, as well as on compliance with and the effectiveness of treatment.Many functional impairments and adverse treatment effects take the form of clinical complaints that patients and caregivers typically report to their healthcare providers without prompting. Other adverse effects are not so obviously clinical or treatment-related, and patients may not be inclined or may even be reluctant to bring them up when talking with the provider. Impairment of sexual function is a problem of this kind.Sexual dysfunction appears to be common and frequently underrecognized in certain patient populations. For example, it has been estimated that 25% to 63% of women and 10% to 52% of men with epilepsy have some form of sexual dysfunction, yet in clinical reviews of sexual disorders, epilepsy is not listed as one of the medical conditions commonly associated with impaired sexual function.

scholarly journals Intravaginal nonablative radiofrequency in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause symptoms: a single-arm pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Pinheiro ◽  
Teresa Costa ◽  
Raira Amorim de Jesus ◽  
Raquel Campos ◽  
Rosa Brim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Urinary Function ◽  
Genitourinary Syndrome Of Menopause ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Genitourinary Syndrome

Abstract Background Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) involves vaginal dryness (VD), pain during sexual activity (SAPain), vaginal itching (VI), burning, pain, and symptoms in the urinary organs. Non-ablative radiofrequency (RF) is a type of current with electromagnetic waves with a thermal effect that generates an acute inflammatory process with consequent neocolagenesis and neoelastogenesis. We aimed to describe the clinical response to VD, SAPain, vaginal laxity (VL), VI, burning sensation, pain in the vaginal opening, urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, cytological changes, and adverse effects of non-ablative RF in patients with GSM. Methods This single-arm pilot study included 11 women diagnosed with GSM with established menopause. Patients with hormone replacement initiation for six months, who used a pacemaker, or had metals in the pelvic region, were excluded. Subjective measures (numeric rating scale of symptoms, Vaginal Health Index-VHI) and objective measures (vaginal maturation index-VMI, vaginal pH, sexual function by the FSFI, and urinary function by the ICIQ-SF) were used. A Likert scale measures the degree of satisfaction with the treatment. Five sessions of monopolar non-ablative RF (41°C) were performed with an interval of one week between each application. The entire evaluation was performed before treatment (T0), one month (T1), and three months (T2) after treatment. Adverse effects were assessed during treatment and at T1 and T2. Results The symptoms and/or signs were reduced after treatment in most patients (T1/T2, respectively): VD 90.9%/81.8%, SAPain 83.3%/66.7, VL 100%/100%, VI 100%/100%, burning 75%/87.5%, pain 75%/75%, and VHI 90.9%/81.9%. Most patients did not show changes in VMI (54.5%) and pH (63.6%) at T1, but there was an improvement in VMI in most patients (54.5%) at T2. Nine patients were satisfied, and two were very satisfied at T1. The treatment was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were observed. There was an improvement in sexual function (72.7%) and urinary function (66.7% in T1 and 83.3% in T2). Conclusion Intravaginal RF reduced the clinical symptoms of GSM in most patients, especially during T1, and women reported satisfaction with treatment. The technique showed no adverse effects, and there were positive effects on sexual and urinary function. Trial registration This research was registered at clinicaltrial.gov (NCT03506594) and complete registration date was posted on April 24, 2018.

scholarly journals Nandrolone Decanoate: Use, Abuse and Side Effects

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Federico Giuseppe Patanè ◽  
Aldo Liberto ◽  
Andreana Nicoletta Maria Maglitto ◽  
Pasquale Malandrino ◽  
Massimiliano Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
English Language ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Nandrolone Decanoate ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Study Results

Background and Objectives: Androgens play a significant role in the development of male reproductive organs. The clinical use of synthetic testosterone derivatives, such as nandrolone, is focused on maximizing the anabolic effects and minimizing the androgenic ones. Class II anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), including nandrolone, are rapidly becoming a widespread group of drugs used both clinically and illicitly. The illicit use of AAS is diffused among adolescent and bodybuilders because of their anabolic proprieties and their capacity to increase tolerance to exercise. This systematic review aims to focus on side effects related to illicit AAS abuse, evaluating the scientific literature in order to underline the most frequent side effects on AAS abusers’ bodies. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was performed using the PubMed database and the keywords “nandrolone decanoate”. The inclusion criteria for articles or abstracts were English language and the presence of the following words: “abuse” or “adverse effects”. After applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria, from a total of 766 articles, only 148 were considered eligible for the study. Results: The most reported adverse effects (found in more than 5% of the studies) were endocrine effects (18 studies, 42%), such as virilization, gynecomastia, hormonal disorders, dyslipidemia, genital alterations, and infertility; cardiovascular dysfunctions (six studies, 14%) such as vascular damage, coagulation disorders, and arteriosus hypertension; skin disorders (five studies, 12%) such as pricking, acne, and skin spots; psychiatric and mood disorders (four studies, 9%) such as aggressiveness, sleep disorders and anxiety; musculoskeletal disorders (two studies, 5%), excretory disorders (two studies, 5%), and gastrointestinal disorders (two studies, 5%). Conclusions: Based on the result of our study, the most common adverse effects secondary to the abuse of nandrolone decanoate (ND) involve the endocrine, cardiovascular, skin, and psychiatric systems. These data could prove useful to healthcare professionals in both sports and clinical settings.

Genitourinary and Sexual Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Medication

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Pollack ◽  
Stewart Reiter ◽  
Paul Hammerness
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Clinical Concern ◽  
The Impact

Objective: We review the adverse effects on genitourinary and sexual function associated with antidepressants, neuroleptics, lithium, and benzodiazepines, and suggest treatment strategies that may be used for their management. Method: This article is based on systematic review of the existing literature, including more than 130 relevant articles on genitourinary and sexual effects of psychotropic medications. Results: We find that genitourinary function, including effects on continence and flow, and sexual function, including libido, erection, ejaculation and orgasm, may be altered by psychotropic administration. Many of these effects may be consequent to the impact of these medications on neurophysiologic systems. Conclusions: Genitourinary and sexual adverse effects associated with psychotropic therapy are important areas of study and clinical concern that may affect patient comfort and compliance with treatment.

Adverse effects of high temperature on the development of reproductive organs in ‘Hakuho’ peach trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Kozai ◽  
Kenji Beppu ◽  
Ryosuke Mochioka ◽  
Unaroj Boonprakob ◽  
Suranant Subhadrabandhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Peach Trees

scholarly journals Anthropomorphism and Its Adverse Effects on the Distress and Welfare of Companion Animals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Chiara Mariti ◽  
Andrea Zdeinert ◽  
Giacomo Riggio ◽  
Patricia Mora-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Locomotor Apparatus ◽  
Nail Polish ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Interaction ◽  
And Behavior

Anthropomorphic practices are increasing worldwide. Anthropomorphism is defined as the tendency to attribute human forms, behaviors, and emotions to non-human animals or objects. Anthropomorphism is particularly relevant for companion animals. Some anthropomorphic practices can be beneficial to them, whilst others can be very detrimental. Some anthropomorphic behaviors compromise the welfare and physiology of animals by interfering with thermoregulation, while others can produce dehydration due to the loss of body water, a condition that brings undesirable consequences such as high compensatory blood pressure and heat shock, even death, depending on the intensity and frequency of an animal’s exposure to these stressors. Malnutrition is a factor observed due to consumption of junk food or an imbalance in caloric proportions. This can cause obesity in pets that may have repercussions on their locomotor apparatus. Intense human–animal interaction can also lead to the establishment of attachment that impacts the mental state and behavior of animals, making them prone to develop aggression, fear, or anxiety separation syndrome. Another aspect is applying cosmetics to pets, though scientific studies have not yet determined whether cosmetic products such as coat dyes, nail polish, and lotions are beneficial or harmful for the animals, or to what extent. The cohabitation of animals in people’s homes can also constitute a public health risk due to infectious and zoonotic diseases. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the adverse effects of anthropomorphism on the welfare of companion animals from several angles—physiological, sanitary, and behavioral—based on a discussion of current scientific findings.

scholarly journals Marital Adjustment, Sexual Function, and Body Image After Hysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Mohammadi-Zarghan ◽  
Khodabakhsh Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Physical Disorders

Background: Hysterectomy is a common surgery among women in which the uterus, cervix, and sometimes ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed. As women’s reproductive organs are important to their sexual image, hysterectomy can affect their psychological status, personal interactions, and especially marital adjustment and sexual function. Moreover, sexual function and marital adjustment can be affected by women’s thoughts about their body image. Objectives: The current study aimed at comparing marital adjustment and sexual function in women’s job, focusing on the moderating role of body image. Methods: This causal-comparative study was conducted among 200 women (100 with hysterectomy and 100 without hysterectomy) recruited via the purposive sampling method. The cases were assigned into two groups of control and study based on their age range, level of education, marital status, and lack of chronic mental and physical disorders. Data collection instruments were the female sexual function index (FSFI), dyadic adjustment scales (DAS), the body image concern inventory (BICI), and a demographic checklist. Results: Independent t-test showed that the total score of marital adjustment (t = -6.108, P = 0.001) and each of its subscales, dyadic agreement (t = -4.44, P = 0.001), marital satisfaction (t = -5.98; P = 0.001), dyadic cohesion (t = -4.38, P = 0.001), expressing affection (t = -5.91; P = 0.001), and sexual function (t = -6.55, P = 0.001) were significantly lower in women undergoing hysterectomy than in those not undergoing hysterectomy. However, according to regression analysis and results of bootstrapping, the upper and lower bounds of the effect of body image on marital adjustment and sexual function were within the overlapping section. Hence, these effects were similar in both groups of the study [95% confidence interval (CI)], and the differences were insignificant. Conclusions: According to the study, marital adjustment and sexual function decrease after hysterectomy. Therefore, specialist treatment and family counseling interventions seem to be essential in order to improve sexual performance and marital adjustment in women who underwent hysterectomy.

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