scholarly journals Simulasi Parametrik Pengaruh Temperatur Lingkungan pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Praditya Firmansyah ◽  
Pribadi Mumpuni Adhi ◽  
Cecep Slamet Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Rate

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Gas (PLTG) merupakan pembangkit dengan keunggulan waktu pengoperasian yang singkat dengan daya pembangkitan relatif besar. Dibalik kecepatan pembangkit tersebut untuk dioperasikan terdapat kelemahan yaitu tingkat efisiensi pembangkit yang tergolong rendah atau boros dalam penggunaan bahan bakar. Pada saat proses pengoperasian pembangkit di industri sering terjadi perubahan permintaan pasokan beban, untuk memenuhi permintaan tersebut pembangkit harus siap tertutama dalam ketersediaan bahan bakar. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah PLTG tidak bisa dibebani daya maksimal karena sumber bahan bakarnya juga digunakan untuk bahan baku proses pokok industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari variasi temperatur inlet PLTG dengan besar nilai heat rate dan spesific fuel consumption (SFC) pada pola operasi PLTG yang paling optimal. Selanjutnya melakukan analisis keterkaitannya dengan efisiensi bahan bakar yang bisa dihemat di objek yang diteliti. Hasilnya dengan 39,7 % pembukaan katup gas dan temperatur masuk udara sebesar 30oC dan tekanan kompresi 7 bar menghasilkan nilai paling optimum dengan nilai SFC 0,627dan heat rate 8059.663 kcal/kWh. Pembukaan katup gas lain yaitu sebesar 42,9% pembukaan katup gas dan temperature masuk udara sebesar 30oC dan tekanan kompresi 7 bar menghasilkan nilai paling baik yaitu SFC 0.654 dan heat rate 8408.248 kcal/kWh.

Energy Efficiency by Optimizing Annual Testing Schedules: Coordinating RATA Testing With Other Annual Test Requirements

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Toburen ◽  
Allen Kephart ◽  
Rhonda Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
High Price ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Test Requirements

Nearly every power plant in the US must undergo annual Relative Accuracy Test Audits (RATA testing) to confirm the values reported by their continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS). In order to perform a RATA test, the plant must operate at one or more stable loads for a number of hours. Depending on the type of unit and fuel, the required load levels for RATA testing can range from low, mid and high loads for coal-fired units to a single (normal) load for oil and gas fired units or four loads (from partial load to maximum load) for units utilizing 40 CFR Part 75 Appendix E alternative monitoring systems. Many plants operate in a dispatch environment where the plant is not in control of their load from hour to hour, and some even from minute to minute, such as those operating under Automatic Generation Control (AGC). Scheduling plant loads for the RATA testing must often be done far in advance and can come at a high price when factoring in fuel costs. Because it can be a significant undertaking to schedule the loads for a series of RATA tests, it makes economic sense to schedule other testing also requiring unit stability concurrently with the RATA tests. One of the most important tests that fits this category is performance testing for plant capacity and/or heat rate. Many plants are now required to perform capacity and/or heat rate demonstrations on a periodic basis to support their power purchase agreements or transmission reliability requirements. But even plants without performance test requirements can benefit from gathering performance related data during RATA testing. For plants dispatched based on demonstrated heat rates, understanding the heat rate impact of operating in AGC or at partial loads is essential. Awareness of expected heat rate is also vital for plants that must nominate their fuel consumption requirements in advance. If the RATA test loads are planned correctly, performance data collected during the RATA test periods can be used not only to fulfill required demonstrations for capacity and heat rate, but also to determine the actual annual degradation (recoverable and non-recoverable) observed for the plant equipment. Test data can also be used to build or update performance forecasting tools for dispatch purposes. Depending on the complexity of the RATA testing, multiple load points may be available (from minimum to maximum load) which can provide data on fuel consumption at various loads, supporting fuel purchasing and planning requirements for the plant. This paper intends to outline the value of coordinating annual performance tests with RATA tests in terms of manpower, load scheduling and fuel consumption. This paper will also discuss a number of issues that may arise when coordinating multiple tests — which could be performed by numerous independent parties, as well as the additional benefits which can be gained by collecting adequate performance data during RATA test periods.

scholarly journals The Measures of Efficiency of Power Generation Plants in Sylhet of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kanis Fatama Ferdushi ◽  
Anton Abdulbasah Kamil ◽  
Saleh Ahmed ◽  
Luthful Alahi Kawsar
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Consumption Cost ◽  
Truncated Normal ◽  
Input Variables

This study measures the performance of power generation plants in Sylhet region of Bangladesh considering twenty-four-month monthly dataset during 2013-14. To measure the performance of those plants, gross electricity generation was considered as output for the stochastic frontier model, whereas fuel consumption, lube oil consumption, auxiliary consumption, cost, heat rate, and hours of run were considered as input variables. Based on the log-likelihood hypothesis test, trans-log production model is preferred over Cobb–Douglas (C-D) production model for this study. The average efficiency of the selected plants is above 90 percent, and there is Sylhet Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) which has an efficiency of about 78.6 percent for truncated normal distribution. In the time-variant inefficiency effects model, fuel consumption, cost, square product of lube oil consumption, interaction between fuel consumption and lube oil consumption as well as auxiliary consumption, and hours of run have a significant positive influence on power generation. On the other hand, some input variables such as hours of run and interaction between cost and heat rate have a significant negative influence on power generation. The estimated values of the time-varying inefficiency parameter η are positive for both the truncated and the half-normal distribution. This result indicates that technical efficiency has declined over the reference period of the study.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Supercritical and Subcritical Rankine Cycles

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Salazar-Pereyra ◽  
Raúl Lugo-Leyte ◽  
Angélica Elizabeth Bonilla-Blancas ◽  
Helen Denise Lugo-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Steam Quality ◽  
Supercritical Conditions ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Pressure Steam

In this work the thermodynamic analysis of two power cycles operating at ultracritical and supercritical conditions (300 bar, 600°C), and conventional or subcritical (124 bar, 538°C) is made. The supercritical cycle has ten and eight stages of regenerative feed heating. The conventional cycle has seven and six stages of regenerative feed heating. The aim of this analysis is to show the variation of work out, thermal efficiency, the heat rate, specific steam and fuel consumptions and the operating range of the pressure of overheating. For example, supercritical conditions operation of 300 bar and 600°C and a condensation pressure of 0.1107 bar, the maximum pressure reheating is 100 bar, because with a higher pressure, steam quality at the end of the step of expanding the low pressure turbine will be less than 0.88, requiring a second reheating. Additionally, the supercritical Rankine cycles have better thermal efficiency than subcritical cycles, increases in average 6%, and consequently the heat rate and steam and fuel consumption decrease.

Fuel Consumption Index for Proper Monitoring of Power Plants: Revisited

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred D. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Plant Operator ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Loss Method

This paper presents an method for heat rate monitoring of power plants which employs a true “systems approach”. As an ultimate monitoring parameter, derived from Second Law concepts, it quantifies system losses in terms of fuel consumption by individual components and processes. If electricity is to be produced with the least un-productive fuel consumption, then thermodynamic losses must be understood and minimized. Such understanding cuts across vendor curves, plant design, fuels, Controllable Parameters, etc. This paper demonstrates that thermal losses in a nuclear unit and a trash burner are comparable at a prime facia level. The Second Law offers the only foundation for the study of such losses, and affords the bases for a true and ultimate indicator of system performance. From such foundations, a Fuel Consumption Index (FCI) was developed to indicate specifically what components or processes are thermodynamically responsible for fuel consumption. FCIs tell the performance engineer why fuel is being consumed, quantifying that a portion of fuel which must be consumed to overcome frictional dissipation in the turbine cycle (FCITCycle), the combustion process (FCIComb), and so forth; and, indeed, how much fuel is required for the direct generation of electricity (FCIPower). FCIs have been particularly applicable for monitoring power plants using the Input/Loss Method. FCIs, Δheat rates based on FCIs, and an “applicability indicator” for justifying the use of Reference Bogey Data are all defined. This paper also presents the concept of “dynamic heat rate”, based on FCIs, as a parameter by which the power plant operator can gain immediate feedback as to which direction his actions are thermally headed: towards a lower or higher heat rate.

Kajian Teknis Antara Penggunaan Bahan Bakar HSD dan MFO Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Pengganti LNG di PLTDG PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Bali

IPTEKMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Sofwat Sanjaya A.Md ◽  
Hendra Wijaksana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
High Speed Diesel

KAJIAN TEKNIS ANTARA PENGGUNAAN BAHAN BAKAR HSD DAN MFO SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR SLTERNATIF PENGGANTI LNG DI PLTDG PT. INDONESIA POWER UPJP BALI. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel dan Gas PT. Indonesia Power UPJP Bali merupakan salah satu pembangkit yang memiliki kontribusi besar sebagai pemasok daya di sistem kelistrikan Bali. PLTDG dapat beroperasi dengan menggunakan 3 jenis bahan bakar yaitu Marine Fuel Oil (MFO), High Speed Diesel (HSD), dan Gas. PLTDG beroperasi dengan bahan bakar gas sebagai energi primer yang digunakan untuk proses pembangkitan listrik. Untuk meningkatkan ketersediaan energi listrik, diperlukan kajian secara komprehensif mengenai bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bahan bakar gas apabila terjadi gangguan pasokan bahan bakar gas, yaitu dengan menggunakan bahan bakar MFO atau HSD. Kajian teknis dilakukan dengan pengujian operasi pada PLTDG type W18V50DF dengan pembebanan 50%, 75%, 80%, 100% menggunakan bahan bakar baik HSD maupun MFO. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian pada PLTDG Unit 1 menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar pembebanan maka Torsi dan Produksi juga akan semakin besar. Sedangkan Spesific Fuel Consumption dan Heat Rate mengalami penurunan pada beban 100%. Hasil pantauan emisi  gas buang NOx, Opasitas, dan CO dari pengujian pada beban 100% baik menggunakan bahan bakar HSD atau MFO masih dibawah ambang batas berdasarkan Permen LH No 21 tahun 2008 lampiran IV B. Sedangkan SO2 saat penggunaan MFO lebih besar dari ambang batas.

scholarly journals Intercooled and Recuperated Dresser-Rand DC990 Gas Turbine Engine

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Staudt ◽  
Dietrich Birkholz ◽  
Willem Jansen ◽  
John J. Tuzson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Engine Power

A preliminary design for a Dresser-Rand DC990 industrial gas turbine engine modified for intercooling and recuperation (ICR) is presented. The DC990 was selected because its configuration is amenable to intercooling and because it is in the power range of interest. Based upon preliminary estimates, engine power output will increase from 6000 bhp to 8400 bhp at design point. Design point specific fuel consumption will be reduced 26% to a heat rate of 6300 BTU/bhp-hr. Moreover, the DC990 ICR engine maintains a high thermal efficiency during part-load operation. These performance improvements are achievable using proven, low-risk technology. The resulting combination of low fuel consumption and low maintenance costs makes the DC990 ICR gas turbine engine an attractive engine package for several applications.

Workload Perception of Air Traffic Control Officers and Pilots During Continuous Descent Operations Approach Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Marina Efthymiou ◽  
Frank Fichert ◽  
Olaf Lantzsch
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Air Traffic Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Open Path

Abstract. The paper examines the workload perceived by air traffic control officers (ATCOs) and pilots during continuous descent operations (CDOs), applying closed- and open-path procedures. CDOs reduce fuel consumption and noise emissions. Therefore, they are supported by airports as well as airlines. However, their use often depends on pilots asking for CDOs and controllers giving approval and directions. An adapted NASA Total Load Index (TLX) was used to measure the workload perception of ATCOs and pilots when applying CDOs at selected European airports. The main finding is that ATCOs’ workload increased when giving both closed- and open-path CDOs, which may have a negative impact on their willingness to apply CDOs. The main problem reported by pilots was insufficient distance-to-go information provided by ATCOs. The workload change is important when considering the use of CDOs.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ СТВОРЕННЯ СИЛОВОЇ УСТАНОВКИ СІМЕЙСТВА РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ЛІТАКІВ АН-148/АН-158

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
О. Д. Донець ◽  
В. П. Іщук
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Electronic Control ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Auxiliary Power ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
Technical Status ◽  
Air Intake

The basic results of calculation and research works carried out in the process of creation of power unit of regional passenger airplanes’ family are given. The design features of the propulsion engines and engine of the auxiliary power plant are described. The aforementioned propulsion system includes propulsion engines D-436-148 and engine AI-450-MS of auxiliary power plant. In order to comply with the requirements of Section 4 of the ICAO standard (noise reduction of the aircraft in site), in part of ensuring the noise reduction of engines, when creating the power plant of the An-148/An-158 aircraft family, a single- and double-layer acoustic filler was used in the structure of the engine nacelle and air intake. The use of electronic system for automatic control of propulsion engines such as FADEC and its integration into the digital airborne aircraft complex ensured the operation of engines, included in the power plant provided with high specific fuel consumption, as well as increased the level of automation of the power plant control and monitoring, and ensured aircraft automation landing in ICAO category 3A. In addition, the use of the aforementioned electronic system, allowed to operate the power plant of the aircraft in accordance with technical status. The use of the AI-450-MS auxiliary power plant with an electronic control system such as FADEC, and the drive of the service compressor from a free turbine, eliminated the effect of changes in power and air takeoff, on the deviation of the engine from optimal mode, which also minimized the fuel consumption. The use of fuel metering system TIS-158, allowed to ensure control of its condition and assemblies, without the use of auxiliary devices, built-in control means. In the fire protection system, the use of the electronic control and monitor unit, as well as the use of digital serial code for the exchange of information between the elements of the system and the aircraft systems, has reduced the number of connections, which increased the reliability of the system and reduced its weight characteristics.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

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