scholarly journals VARIASI TEMPERATUR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN NILAI KEKUATAN SEAL PADA MATERIAL KEMASAN LENTUR MULTI LAYER PET-ALU FOIL-LDPE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Emmidia Djonaedi ◽  
Diyah Ayu ◽  
Dini Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Multilayer Material ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Seal Strength ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Common Combination

Plastic is common flexible material for packaging. One of common combination multilayer material are PET-ALU FOIL-LDPE. Multiplayer packaging through some step. Last steps is bag making. Bag making was processed with sealing inner plastic material in certain position with heat. Transverse direction (TD) for horizontal seal and Machine Direction (MD) for horizontal seal. The aim to gain a good seal strength is to avoid broken while filling process. Some factors that affect seal strength are temperature, time and pressure of sealing process. This research focus on seal strength value while temperature changed. Temperature starts from 140C to 240C with interval 20C. This experiment gained two optimum temperature and seal strength for TD and MD. Seal strength TD is 31 N/mm at 180C and seal strength 34 N/15mm at 160C for MD.

Effect of antiblock and slip additives on the properties of tubular quenched polypropylene film

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwith Melkar ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Vishwa Pratap Singh ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Satyajit Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Polypropylene Film ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Slip Agent

Abstract In the present investigation, silica and talc were used as antiblock additives with slip additive to investigate their effects on tubular quenched polypropylene (TQPP) film properties. Polypropylene (PP) powder was compounded with additives in twin-screw extruder and subsequently processed through TQPP machine to prepare the films. Tear and tensile properties [in machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD)] and surface properties of the produced TQPP films were investigated in terms of optics and coefficient of friction (CoF). The effect of conditioning time on CoF was also studied. Addition of slip agent alone to PP did not show any significant change in tear strength, CoF and tensile properties, whereas CoF reduced drastically by adding both slip and antiblock agents in combination. Reduction in CoF values were found to be more pronounced in the presence of silica-based antiblock compared to talc-based antiblock. Film surface morphology was further examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The tear strength and the gloss of TQPP film decreased slightly in presence of only antiblock agents, but the tensile strength was found to increase. It was also found that tensile properties of TQPP films were superior in silica-based formulation, whereas tear strength was better in talc-based formulation in MD and TD.

Effect of the blow-up ratio on morphology and engineering properties of three-layered linear low-density polyethylene blown films

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suthakarn Auksornkul ◽  
Siriwat Soontaranon ◽  
Chonthicha Kaewhan ◽  
Pattarapan Prasassarakich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Film Morphology ◽  
Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Machine Direction

A series of linear low-density polyethylene films were produced using a three-layer co-extrusion machine. How the blow-up ratio and resin characteristics affected the final film morphology and engineering properties were studied. The crystalline morphology and orientation during the blown film process of the low-density polyethylene film were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the blow-up ratio increased the transverse direction molecular orientation and decreased the machine direction orientation. The resulting low-density polyethylene morphology was a regular lamellar stacking parallel to the machine direction. The film morphology strongly influenced the mechanical properties. Increasing the blow-up ratio from 1.7 to 2.8 decreased the machine direction tensile strength by 14% and increased the transverse direction tensile strength up to 27% for both the low-density polyethylene/1-butene and low-density polyethylene/1-octene co-monomers, while the machine direction tear strength increased up to 36% and the transverse direction decreased by 16%. Moreover, the first and second heating characteristics from differential scanning calorimeter showed the inherent crystallinity change with increasing blow-up ratio for both the low-density polyethylene/1-octene and the low-density polyethylene/1-butene copolymer. The crystalline orientation changes induced with increasing blow-up ratio affected the film water vapor and oxygen permeability.

A Study of the Factors Affecting the Separation Force of Artificial Leather Laminating Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 728 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Kusol Pimapunsri ◽  
Teeradej Wuttipornpun ◽  
Darawan Veeranant
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Artificial Leather ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
Temperature Heating

The separation force is one of the most important properties of artificial leather industries. This paper aims to determine an optimal setting of artificial leather laminating process in order to obtain the desired separation force. There are three potential factors directly influence the separation force for both machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD). These factors are take-off temperature, heating temperature, and embossing pressure. To study the effect of these factors on the separation force, a 23 factorial design with six replicates is then conducted, and the result is analyzed at a significant level of 0.05. The result shows that all main factors have significant effects to MD and TD. The optimal setting of the laminating process for artificial leather to obtain the desired MD and TD is that using take-off temperature, heating temperature and embossing pressure at 175°C, 150°C and 40 Bar respectively.

Thermal resilience of Prostephanus truncatus (Horn): Can we derive optimum temperature-time combinations for commodity treatment?

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 101568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honest Machekano ◽  
Reyard Mutamiswa ◽  
Charles Singano ◽  
Virgil Joseph ◽  
Frank Chidawanyika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostephanus Truncatus ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time

Experimental Study on the Durability Performance of PPS Filter Media

2013 ◽  
Vol 300-301 ◽  
pp. 1077-1080
Author(s):  
Ning Mao ◽  
De Qiang Chang ◽  
Jing Xian Liu ◽  
Xi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Direction Change ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Durability Performance

The durability performance of PPS filter media is experimentally studied in the paper. It is found that, under 200°C and atmospheric condition, both machine direction strength and transverse direction strength of PPS increase at the beginning and then gradually decrease with the increase of duration time. The transverse direction change for both strength and elongation is higher than the machine direction. The melting point of PPS decreases with the increase of duration time. And the melting point can be taken as one of durability index for the PPS filter media.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Limbah Tongkol Jagung Menjadi Asap Cair dengan Metode Pirolisis Lambat

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Muallim Syahrir ◽  
Mahyati Mahyati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
Temperature Time

The purpose of this study was to determine the temperature, time and the optimum size of the pyrolysis process to yield liquid smoke, and to know the grade of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis process were done by varying the temperature 350oC, 400oC, 450oC, 500oC, the time variation of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes and a variety of fine size (3/8 inch), medium (1 inch), coarse (1.5 inches), after the analysis of pH, specific gravity, acid tertitrasi and total phenol content analysis. Liquid smoke that optimum results are calculated to determine whether the economic feasibility of this research can be continued at the industrial stage. The research showed the optimum temperature of 400oC at a yield of 45.5%, the optimum time of 120 minutes resulted in a yield of 46% and smoother optimum size at a yield of 47%. Total acid is between 6.8054% - 7.2746%, pH between 1.8 to 1.9 with phenol levels between 3.4456% - 4% in 1569 to produce liquid smoke to grade 4.

Factors influencing the germination of macroconidia and secondary conidia of Claviceps africana

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Victor J. Galea ◽  
Malcolm J. Ryley ◽  
David Tay ◽  
Allan T. Lisle
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Extract Agar ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Secondary Conidium ◽  
Claviceps Africana ◽  
Conidium Germination ◽  
Temperature Time

The influences of temperature, time, and moisture on the germination of macroconidia and secondary conidia of Australian isolates of Claviceps africana were studied in vitro. The optimum temperature for germination of both macroconidia and secondary conidia of C. africana was 20°C. Although germination of macroconidia ceased near 31°C, approximately 30% of secondary conidia germinated at 37°C after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Sorghum flower extract agar stimulated macroconidium and secondary conidium germination, irrespective of temperature. Germination of macroconidia and secondary conidia on water agar started after 4 h of incubation at 20°C, reaching a maximum after 16–24 h and 14 h, respectively. Maximum germination of both macroconidia and secondary conidia was at ≥ –5 bars at 20°C. Germination of secondary conidia ceased at –35 bars, whereas macroconidia germinated at water potentials as low as –55 bars at 20°C.

scholarly journals Analysis of glycidyl nitrate polymerization reaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Paweł Maksimowski ◽  
Julia Merchel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Polymerization Time ◽  
Energetic Polymer ◽  
Temperature Time

Poly(glycidyl nitrate) (PGN) is a high-energetic polymer whose properties are determined by the presence of an –ONO2 explosophoric group. PGN can be obtained by polymerization of glycidyl nitrate (GN) monomers. The preferred polymerization route is via the activated monomer mechanism, due to its two main advantages: narrow molecular mass distribution of the obtained polymer and ability to control the heat generated during the reaction. The study allowed the GN monomer to be obtained as a product of nitration of epichlorohydrin. A series of GN polymerization reactions was conducted under different conditions (temperature, time and reactant amounts). The analysis showed that the lower the catalyst to initiator ratio, the higher the molecular mass of the obtained polymer (PGN). A temperature between 0-10 °C is the optimum temperature for GN polymerization. The longer the GN polymerization time the higher the molecular mass of the PGN. The GN polymerization reaction was scaled up without affecting the molecular mass or other properties of the obtained polymers. The following tests were carried out to determine the basic properties of PGN: GPC, 1H NMR, FTIR, DSC, TG, calorific value, viscosity, sensitivity to friction and impact.

EFFECTS OF MEDIUM AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON RECOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS FROM MANUFACTURING-GRADE, GRADE-A AND PASTEURIZED MILK1

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
J. C. Hartley ◽  
G. W. Reinbold ◽  
E. R. Vedamuthu
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Time

Recovery of microorganisms by Standard Methods Agar and Eugonagar was compared at 7, 21, 28, and 32C incubation temperatures for 10, 5, 4, and 2 days, respectively, from manufacturing-grade, grade-A, and pasteurized milk. The incubation temperature made a statistically significant difference in the mean logarithm of the count for all three grades of milk. The highest mean logarithm of the count with manufacturing-grade milk was obtained at 21 C for both agars. With grade-A raw milk, the greatest mean logarithm of the count was obtained at 21 C for Standard Methods Agar and at 28 C for Eugonagar. The highest mean logarithm of the count for pasteurized milk was obtained at 28 C with Standard Methods Agar and at 21 C with Eugonagar. There was a significant difference between means on Standard Methods Agar and Eugonagar on grade-A milk samples only; recovery was highest with Eugonagar. Because of the presence of psychrophilic microorganisms, an incubation temperature lower than 32 C is needed for maximum recovery. Incubation at 28 C for 4 days was the optimum temperature-time combination in this study.

Electro-responsive Polymer and its Sensor Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Räisänen ◽  
Heikki Räisänen
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Machine Direction ◽  
Body Contact ◽  
Sensor Material ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Orientation Process ◽  
Corona Charging ◽  
Responsive Polymer

ABSTRACTEmfit Ltd is manufacturer of electro-responsive ferroelectret sensors. These film-like sensors can be used for various applications, for example non-body-contact vitals signs monitoring, dementia care, actigraphs, visitor count and keypads. The sensor material is based on a polyolefin material manufactured in a continuous biaxial orientation process that stretches the film in two perpendicular directions (machine direction and the transverse direction). The biaxially stretched material is further expanded to over double of its original thickness in high-pressure gas-diffusion process. The structure of Emfit material consists of flat voids separated by thin polyolefin layers. The voids are made by compounding small particles that function as rupture nuclei, and form closed lens like cavities to the film during the biaxial orientation. A permanent electric charge is injected into the material using a corona charging process. The voided internal structure makes the film soft and elastic in the thickness direction. This means that the voids expand and contract in relation to the orientation of the film. The excellent sensor and actuator operations of Emfit film are based on the fact that reduction in the thickness of the film caused by an external force takes place in the gas voids and these are much softer than the polymer layers.

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