scholarly journals Battery on Carburization ST 37 Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Melya Dyanasari Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hardening Process

A surface hardening process by adding carbon to its surface without changing the core properties of the material is called the carburization process. This process is carried out at the austenite temperature so that the carbon can diffuse into the phase. This process can only be done on low carbon steels with a content of below 0.25%. This research uses ST 37 steel which is a low content steel with a carbon content of 0.18%. This type of steel is surface hardened with a carburizing temperature of 850°C for a long lasting time of 1 hour, then it is carried out under moderate cooling with outside air media. This research produces a carburizing method with carbon battery media that easily breaks down into steel, which occurs in carbon batteries at temperatures below 723°C. And change its mechanical properties from the comparison of the initial mechanical properties of the specimen. Carburizing with battery rock media is more efficient at temperatures below 723°C. Because of at temperatures below austenite or below the carburizing temperature of carbon from the batteries, it can absorb the surface of the steel even though the amount is still very small. Because the temperature is below the austenite temperature, the absorbed carbons cannot diffuse as happened in the carburization process, but the absorbed carbons can bind the grain boundaries so that they change their hardness by 4%. The microstructure in the research that occurs in this process has nothing to change its phase because the temperature does not reach the austenite temperature.

scholarly journals ST37 Steel Carburization with Coconut Charcoal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Melya Dyanasari Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coconut Charcoal ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
St37 Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

The carburization process is a surface hardening process where carbon is added to the surface without changing the core properties of the material. This process is carried out at the austenite temperature so that the carbon can diffuse into the phase. This process can only be done on low carbon steels with content below 0.25%. This research was conducted on ST37 steel, which is steel with low carbon content with 0.18% carbon content. This type of steel is surface hardened with a carburizing temperature of 850 C with a long lasting time of 1 hour, then it is carried out under moderate cooling with outside air media. And change its mechanical properties from the comparison of the initial mechanical properties of the specimen. The highest hardness value occurs in the carburizing process of coconut shell charcoal, but this hardness value occurs not because of the carburization process but because of the enlarged grain size caused by heating at temperatures below 723⁰ C, thus reducing the elongation properties of the material. Carburizing with battery stone media is more efficient than coconut shell charcoal at temperatures below 723 C. Because the temperature is below the austenite temperature, the absorbed carbons cannot diffuse as happened in the carburization process, but the absorbed carbons can bind the grain boundaries and change their hardness by 4%. In the microstructure research that occurs in this process nothing can change its phase because the temperature does not reach the austenite temperature. However, there are differences in the microstructure between the carburization process with coconut shell charcoal media.

The Influence of Oxide Inclusion on the Refinement of Bainite and Toughness in HAZ for Low Carbon Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Shu Rui Li ◽  
Xue Min Wang ◽  
Xin Lai He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Oxide Inclusion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Bainitic Steels

The influence of Ti oxide on the toughness of heat affected zone for low carbon bainitic steels has been investigated. The optical microscope, SEM and TEM were used to analyze the composition, size and distribution of the inclusions, and the microstructure and mechanical properties after welding thermal simulation were also investigated. The effect of Ti oxide inclusion on the transformation of acicular ferrite has also been studied. The results show that after the melting with Ti dioxide technique the inclusion is complex, in the core is Ti oxides about 1-3 micron and around it is MnS. It has been found the acicular ferrite can nucleate at the inclusions and the Ti oxide inclusion will promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, and the acicular ferrite will block the growth of bainite. Therefore by introducing the Ti oxide in the steels the microstructure of HAZ could be refined markedly therefore the toughness of HAZ can be improved evidently.

scholarly journals Effects of Phosphorus on the Annealing Texture, Plastic Anisotropy, and Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Steels

1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Plastic Anisotropy ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Cold Reduction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Annealing Texture ◽  
Percent Manganese

The effects of phosphorus on the annealing texture, plastic anisotropy, and mechanical properties of low-carbon steels containing 0.11 percent manganese have been studied. Both vacuum-melted and air-melted heats, with phsophorus additions up to 0.12 percent, were used. Results show that with a cold reduction of 80 percent, followed by annealing at temperatures in the range 710 to 820°C, the plastic strain ratios, rm and ∆r, as well as the strength of the steels were substantially improved by phosphorus. Annealing at the intercritical temperatures 780 and 820°C further improved the strain ratios. The strong tendency for phosphorus to segregate at the subgrain and grain boundaries is believed to have played an important role in controlling the formation of annealing textures in these steels.

Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Samsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Nb-containing Low-carbon Steels Produced by Direct Rolling

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko ODA ◽  
Hiroshi KUBO ◽  
Osamu AKISUE ◽  
Kichi NAKAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Direct Rolling

Deformation, Mechanical Properties, and Fracture of Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steels

2015 ◽  
pp. 405-437
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Medium Carbon Steels

Abstract Steels with martensitic and tempered martensitic microstructures, though sometimes perceived as brittle, exhibit plasticity and ductile fracture behavior under certain conditions. This chapter describes the alloying and tempering conditions that produce a ductile form of martensite in low-carbon steels. It also discusses the effect of tempering temperature on the mechanical behavior and deformation properties of medium-carbon steels.

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