scholarly journals ST37 Steel Carburization with Coconut Charcoal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Melya Dyanasari Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coconut Charcoal ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
St37 Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

The carburization process is a surface hardening process where carbon is added to the surface without changing the core properties of the material. This process is carried out at the austenite temperature so that the carbon can diffuse into the phase. This process can only be done on low carbon steels with content below 0.25%. This research was conducted on ST37 steel, which is steel with low carbon content with 0.18% carbon content. This type of steel is surface hardened with a carburizing temperature of 850 C with a long lasting time of 1 hour, then it is carried out under moderate cooling with outside air media. And change its mechanical properties from the comparison of the initial mechanical properties of the specimen. The highest hardness value occurs in the carburizing process of coconut shell charcoal, but this hardness value occurs not because of the carburization process but because of the enlarged grain size caused by heating at temperatures below 723⁰ C, thus reducing the elongation properties of the material. Carburizing with battery stone media is more efficient than coconut shell charcoal at temperatures below 723 C. Because the temperature is below the austenite temperature, the absorbed carbons cannot diffuse as happened in the carburization process, but the absorbed carbons can bind the grain boundaries and change their hardness by 4%. In the microstructure research that occurs in this process nothing can change its phase because the temperature does not reach the austenite temperature. However, there are differences in the microstructure between the carburization process with coconut shell charcoal media.

scholarly journals Battery on Carburization ST 37 Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Melya Dyanasari Sebayang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hardening Process

A surface hardening process by adding carbon to its surface without changing the core properties of the material is called the carburization process. This process is carried out at the austenite temperature so that the carbon can diffuse into the phase. This process can only be done on low carbon steels with a content of below 0.25%. This research uses ST 37 steel which is a low content steel with a carbon content of 0.18%. This type of steel is surface hardened with a carburizing temperature of 850°C for a long lasting time of 1 hour, then it is carried out under moderate cooling with outside air media. This research produces a carburizing method with carbon battery media that easily breaks down into steel, which occurs in carbon batteries at temperatures below 723°C. And change its mechanical properties from the comparison of the initial mechanical properties of the specimen. Carburizing with battery rock media is more efficient at temperatures below 723°C. Because of at temperatures below austenite or below the carburizing temperature of carbon from the batteries, it can absorb the surface of the steel even though the amount is still very small. Because the temperature is below the austenite temperature, the absorbed carbons cannot diffuse as happened in the carburization process, but the absorbed carbons can bind the grain boundaries so that they change their hardness by 4%. The microstructure in the research that occurs in this process has nothing to change its phase because the temperature does not reach the austenite temperature.

The Influence of Oxide Inclusion on the Refinement of Bainite and Toughness in HAZ for Low Carbon Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Shu Rui Li ◽  
Xue Min Wang ◽  
Xin Lai He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Oxide Inclusion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Bainitic Steels

The influence of Ti oxide on the toughness of heat affected zone for low carbon bainitic steels has been investigated. The optical microscope, SEM and TEM were used to analyze the composition, size and distribution of the inclusions, and the microstructure and mechanical properties after welding thermal simulation were also investigated. The effect of Ti oxide inclusion on the transformation of acicular ferrite has also been studied. The results show that after the melting with Ti dioxide technique the inclusion is complex, in the core is Ti oxides about 1-3 micron and around it is MnS. It has been found the acicular ferrite can nucleate at the inclusions and the Ti oxide inclusion will promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, and the acicular ferrite will block the growth of bainite. Therefore by introducing the Ti oxide in the steels the microstructure of HAZ could be refined markedly therefore the toughness of HAZ can be improved evidently.

Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Samsiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Carburized Steel ◽  
Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

scholarly journals Influence of normalizing post carburizing treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of low alloy gear steels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-851
Author(s):  
Hiremath Pavan ◽  
◽  
M. C. Gowrishankar ◽  
Shettar Manjunath ◽  
Sharma Sathyashankara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fine Pearlite

<abstract> <p>Steel is a versatile metal, got a wide range of applications in all the fields of engineering and technology. Generally, low carbon steels are tough and high alloy carbon steels are hard in nature. Certain applications demand both properties in the same steel. Carburization is one such technique that develops hard and wear resistant surfaces with a soft core. The objective of this work is to study the influence of post carburizing treatment (normalizing) on three grades of steels (EN 3, 20MnCr5, and EN 353). Post carburizing treatments are necessary to overcome the adverse effects of carburization alone. Here carburization was carried out in the propane atmosphere by heating the gas carburizing furnace to 930 ℃ for more than a day. Normalizing was carried out at 870 ℃ for 1 h and cooled in air. Tensile, hardness, Charpy impact tests along with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDAX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) were conducted to analyze the phase transformation, failure mode analysis in all the samples. Carburized steels displayed the formation of ferrite, pearlite, and sometimes bainite phases in the core and complete coarse pearlite in the case regions, whereas in the post carburized steels, increased amount of ferrite, fine pearlite, and bainite in the core and fine pearlite with traces of bainite in the case region was observed. Normalizing also refines the grain with increased UTS (ultimate tensile strength), hardness, and impact resistance. EN 353 showed higher UTS among the steels with 898 MPa after carburization and 1370 MPa after normalizing treatment. Maximum hardness of 48 HRC was observed in 20MnCr5 and toughness was superior in EN 3 with energy absorbed during test i.e., 8 and 12 J before and after normalizing treatment. Based on the fracture surface analysis, in EN 353 steel, a finer array of dimples with voids and elongated bigger clustered dimples containing ultrafine dimples array are observed in the core and case respectively during carburizing whereas, more density of river pattern and cleavage failure (brittle) are observed in the core and case respectively after post carburizing (normalizing) treatment. There is a reduction in the ductility of the steels after post carburizing treatment. It was observed that normalizing treatment produces superior mechanical properties in the carburized steels by grain refinement and strong microstructures like bainite. Normalizing as post carburizing treatment can be recommended for engineering applications where ductile core and hard surface are of great importance.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Paduan Arang Aktif Kayu Belian/ulin Dan Katalisator Kerang Ale-Ale Pada Proses Pack Carburizing Terhadap Perubahan Komposisi Dan Nilai Kekerasan Baja Karbon Rendah (Low Carbon steel) St 37

Jurnal Vokasi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Dwi Handoko ◽  
Vivaldi Vivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Maximum Hardness ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Catalyst Composition ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Carburizing Process

To increase the hardness and wear resistance of low carbon steels (low carbon steel), it is usually done by a hardening process, namely by adding carbon elements. One of these processes is by using the Pack carburizing method. In this study, the pack carburizing process will be carried out on low carbon steel St 37 using activated charcoal media from ironwood combined with ale-ale shells catalyst with a composition of 10%, 20%, 30% 40% and 50%. Furthermore, composition testing and hardness testing were carried out using the Vickers method. The results of this study in the composition test, there was an addition of carbon due to diffusion and an increase in the maximum hardness of the catalyst composition by 30% with a hardness of 572.6 VHN.

LUCEFIN C20

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
The Core

Abstract Lucefin C20 is a low-carbon, non-alloy steel that is used in the normalized, cold finished, or quenched and tempered condition. It may also be used in the carburized or carbonitrided, and subsequently quench hardened and tempered, condition for parts requiring a hard wear-resistant surface, but with little need for increased mechanical properties in the core. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-209. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A..

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Nb-containing Low-carbon Steels Produced by Direct Rolling

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2323-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko ODA ◽  
Hiroshi KUBO ◽  
Osamu AKISUE ◽  
Kichi NAKAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
Direct Rolling
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