scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI RBDPO DENGAN KATALIS CANGKANG KEPAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Anda Putra
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Clam Shell ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

Biodiesel is a low-emission diesel fuel substitute made from renewable resources and waste oil. The objective of the study was to study of CaO catalysts in biodiesel production from RBDPO with clam shell catalyst through calcinations of CaCO3 with temperature of 900oC and 3.5 hours will be obtained CaO content of 68,35%. Effect of various process variables such as type of catalyst, reaction time, amount of catalyst and molar ratio of Methanol / oil were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was compared with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield, purity, density, viscosity and flash point of biodiesel RBDPO respectively for 84,0179%, 97,98%, 875,47 kg/m3, 4,99 cSt and 122oC was obtained by using 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to RBDPO oil at 60oC, for a reaction time of 2 hours in the presence 5 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this research showed that heterogeneous catalysts CaO derived from clam shell suitable to be used as catalysts in biodiesel production.

Hybrid Approach for Optimizing Process Parameters in Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Pongchanun Luangpaiboon ◽  
Pasura Aungkulanon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Influential Parameters

Biodiesel was synthesized from direct transesterification of palm oil reacted with methanol in the presence of a suitable catalyst. There is a sequence of three consecutive reversible reactions for the transesterification process. These process parameters were optimized via the hybrid optimization approach of a conventional response surface method and artificial intelligence mechanisms from Sine Cosine and Thermal Exchange Optimization metaheuristics. The influential parameters and their combined interaction effects on the transesterification efficiency were established through a factorial designed experiments. In this study, the influential parameters being optimized to obtain the maximum yield of biodiesel were reaction temperature of 60–150°C, reaction time of 1–6 hours, methanol to oil molar ratio of 6:1–12:1 mol/mol and weight of catalyst of 1–10wt. %. On the first phase, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed the reaction time as the most influential parameter on biodiesel production. Based on the experimental results from the hybrid algorithm via the SCO, it was concluded that the optimal biodiesel yield for the transesterification of palm oil were found to be 100°C for reaction temperature, 4 hours for reaction time, 10:1 wt/wt of ratio methanol to oil and 8% of weight of catalyst with 92.15% and 90.97% of biodiesel yield for expected and experimental values, respectively.

Study on Alumina Supported Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143
Author(s):  
Cristian Eugen Raducanu ◽  
Adina Ionuta Gavrila ◽  
Tanase Dobre ◽  
Petre Chipurici
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Catalytic Support ◽  
Catalyst Reusability ◽  
Esterification Reactions

In this work four heterogeneous catalysts were studied first by preparing a gama-alumina catalytic support then by impregnating with acidic and base compounds to gain certain properties needed to catalyze vegetable oils conversion to biodiesel. The resulted new catalytic properties allowed us to simultaneously conduct esterification and transesterification reaction in a single step when waste cooking oils with a high free fatty acid content were converted to biodiesel. The prepared catalysts were thermally and chemically stable and exhibited good catalytic activity when tested in (trans)esterification reactions to yield biodiesel. The effects of catalyst loading, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction time on biodiesel yield along with catalyst reusability were investigated. The highest biodiesel yield reached was 88.10% at 65oC reaction temperature, 15:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, 5% catalyst loading and 4 h reaction time.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU REAKSI DAN JUMLAH KATALIS PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH LEMAK SAPI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN CaO DARI KULIT TELUR AYAM

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendi ◽  
Valentinoh Cuaca ◽  
Taslim
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Methyl Ester Content

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow waste is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize beef tallow waste for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst which derived from the industrial eggshells. The materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts.The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process reacts oil and methanol to produce methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI LEMAK SAPI DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN KATALIS BASA NaOH

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ranggita Dwi Nindya Affandi ◽  
Toni Rizki Aruan ◽  
Taslim ◽  
Iriany
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reflux Condenser

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel commonly produced from vegetable oil or animal fat with methanol through transesterification. Beef tallow was used as a raw material of transesterification to make biodiesel, because the price of beef tallow was driven down by the market and to reduce the pollution to the surrounding. In this research variable observed were reaction temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst. Transesterification was carried out in a three necked spherical Pyrex vessel equipped with reflux condenser, stirrer and thermometer. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to use beef tallow as low cost sustainable potential feedstock for biodiesel production by single step transesterification process. Under optimal condition, the maximum yield of 95,67 % beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 6 : 1 molar ratio of beef tallow to methanol at 50 oC for a reaction time 30 minutes in the presence of 0,8 wt% of NaOH catalyst. The biodiesel properties were comparable to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is suitable for feedstock of biodiesel production with low cost.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

Production of Biodiesel from Desert Date Seed Oil Using Heterogeneous Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 180-189
Author(s):  
Saidat Olanipekun Giwa ◽  
Maku Barbanas Haggai ◽  
Abdulwahab Giwa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Optimum Yield ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Date Seed

In the recent time, there is increasing research in the area of alternative fuels as the exhausts of presently used petroleum-based fuels have been identified to have negative effects on the environment. Fuels produced from plant oils and animal fats have the tendencies of replacing petro fuels since they are renewable in nature. One of these renewable fuels is biodiesel. However, the homogenous catalyst used in biodiesel production has some drawbacks such as difficulty in separation from the fuel, soap formation and corrosiveness of the product mixture. In this work, the use of heterogeneous catalyst sourced from local raw materials (kaolin and eggshell) for the production of biodiesel from oil of desert date seed has been investigated. The kaolin obtained from Alkaleri Mining Site, Bauchi, was calcined in an oven at 800 °C for 3 h. The calcined kaolin was then chemically activated. Also, the eggshell-based catalyst was produced from raw eggshells after washing, drying, grinding, sieving using 0.3 mm sieve size and calcining at 900 °C for 3 h. Furthermore, the oil content of the desert date seed, which was acquired from a local market in Bauchi, was extracted via solvent extraction in a laboratory with a yield of 42%. Then, the biodiesel was subsequently prepared by mixing the oil, methanol and catalyst in a flat bottom flask and heating the mixture for a specified period. The catalyst concentration, methanol to oil ratio and time of reaction were subsequently varied to obtain the best yield. The results obtained revealed that an optimum yield of 29% could be obtained at methanol to oil ratio of 6:1 and a reaction time of 60 min using 1.5 g of eggshell-based catalyst while an optimum yield of 22% was obtained with 0.6 g for kaolin-based catalyst at a reaction time of 60 min and methanol to oil ratio of 4:1. It is recommended that further work should be carried out to improve on the yield of the biodiesel obtained using the heterogeneous catalysts.

scholarly journals High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pantoja ◽  
Vanessa Mescouto ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
José Zamian ◽  
Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Lipase-Immobilized Carbon Nanotubes for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Xinlong Liu ◽  
Yanjun Jiang ◽  
Liya Zhou ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Immobilized Candida Antarctica Lipase

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuel, but its production is limited by a lack of high-efficiency catalysts for mass production and popularization. In this study, we developed a biocatalytic Pickering emulsion using multiwall carbon nanotube-immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB@PE) to produce biodiesel, with J. curcas L. seed oil and methanol as substrates. The morphology of CALB@PE was characterized in detail. A central composite design of the response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was used to study the effects of the parameters on biodiesel yield, namely the amount of J. curcas L. seed oil (1.5 g), molar ratio of methanol to oil (1:1–7:1), CALB@PE dosage (20–140 mg), temperature (30–50 °C), and reaction time (0–24 h). The experimental responses were fitted with a quadratic polynomial equation, and the optimum reaction conditions were the methanol/oil molar ratio of 4.64:1, CALB@PE dosage of 106.87 mg, and temperature of 34.9 °C, with a reaction time of 11.06 h. A yield of 95.2%, which was basically consistent with the predicted value of 95.53%, was obtained. CALB@PE could be reused up to 10 times without a substantial loss of activity. CALB@PE exhibited better reusability than that of Novozym 435 in the process of biodiesel production.

The Use of Super Base CaO from Eggshells as a Catalyst in the Process of Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Pasae ◽  
Lyse Bulo ◽  
Karel Tikupadang ◽  
Titus Tandi Seno
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the biodiesel production process provides advantages because it is easier in the catalyst separation process. One type of heterogeneous catalyst that can be used is CaO. The raw materials for CaO are abundant in nature and can be obtained from various sources including agricultural waste such as eggshells. The alkalinity level of CaO can be increased to super baser CaO through the activation process of CaO by using an ammonium carbonate solution. Super base CaO which is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction in the production of biodiesel made from palm oil. This research was carried out by varying the reaction time starting from 1, 2 and 3 hours. The highest yield was obtained at 3 hours reaction time of 93.92%. The results of the analysis of the physical properties of biodiesel obtained density in the range 853-854 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3.24-3.26 mm2/s (cSt), saponification number 193-201 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and acid number 0.3-0.7 mg-KOH/g. These characteristics meet the biodiesel quality standards based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2015. Thus the use of super base CaO from eggshells can be used as a catalyst in the process of biodiesel production.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

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